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Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
Chapter 14
24
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 4
03/07/2016

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Term
In glycolysis, NAD+ is reduced, while _____ is oxidized. What is the net reaction of glycolysis?
Definition
Term
There are three reactions that convert glucose into F-1,6-BP. Write that pathway. Which use ATP? Which are spontaneous? What are the enzymes/enzyme classes used?
Definition
Term
F16BP is broken into two other molecules, ____, a ketone, and ____, an aldehyde, using a _____ enzyme. Does this reaction, reaction 4, contribute to metabolic flux? What cation is used to increase the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme?
Definition
Term
Reaction 5 is a side reaction where we convert the _____ from Reaction 4 into ____. It uses an ____ enzyme just like reaction ____.
Definition
Term
Now we have two G3P’s that are converted into ____. One ____ is given off per conversion. A ____ enzyme is responsible. Is this reaction spontaneous?
Definition
Term
Can you write out the next four reactions that convert 1,3-BPG into Pyruvate? What are the intermediates? What enzymes are used? Which steps use ATP? Which steps produce ATP?
Definition
Term
What is the net metabolic flux for glycolysis? Which reactions are responsible
for this?
Definition
Term
What is the net reaction for gluconeogenesis?
Definition
Term
Which reactions of glycolysis are different in gluconeogenesis and
reciprocally regulated?
Definition
Term
When cells are in a low energy state, they utilize
(glycolysis/gluconeogenesis). When they are in a high energy state, they utilize (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis).
Definition
Term
(AMP/ATP) is an allosteric activator of glycolysis. (AMP/ATP) is an allosteric
activator of gluconeogenesis.
Definition
Term
What are the 10 steps used in glycolysis?
Definition
Term
What are the energy releasing steps of glycolysis?
Definition
Term
What is the net reaction of gluconeogenesis?
Definition
Term
What are the 4 new reactions of gluconeogenesis?
Definition
Term
How is glycolysis and gluconeogenesis regulated in muscle and liver cells?
Definition
Term
What is Glycolysis?
Definition
Glycolysis is the metabolism of converting glucose to pyruvate.
Term
Why is Glycolysis performed?
Definition
Every cell requires ATP from glycolysis, but the metabolism is especially important in cells that lack or that have low abundance of mitochondria (without which oxidative phosphorylation can take place).
Term
Can you write the net stoichiometric reaction for glycolysis?
Definition
1 Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD^+ --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H^+ + 2 H2O
Term
Can you determine the number of NADH produced in glycolysis based on the change in oxidation numbers?
Definition
Two electrons and a proton (hydride) are transferred in glycolysis to NAD^+ to generate NADH. This happens twice for a total of 4 electrons and 2 hydrides (2 NADH).
Term
What is the net reaction for the first three steps of glycolysis?
Definition
Term
How many ATP are used to convert glucose to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
Definition
2 ATP are used
Term
What are the names of the first three enzymes used in glycolysis and the names of the intermediates formed?
Definition
Reaction 1 uses Hexokinase (Glucokinase) to transfer a phosphorus to C-6 of glucose (Glucose-6-Pi).
Reaction 2 (isomerization reaction) uses glucose-6-phosphate isomerase to convert glucose-6-Pi to fructose-6-Pi.
Reaction 3 (2nd kinase reaction) uses phosphofructokinase 1 to transfers a phosphorus from ATP to C-1 of fructose-6-Pi to make fructose-1,6-bis-phosphate.
Term
Which of the first three reactions are spontaneous?
Definition
Reaction 1
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