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GMAT Math
N/A
32
Mathematics
Graduate
10/13/2013

Additional Mathematics Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

How to find unit digit of powers of numbers:  Pattern 1


If Base's unit's digit is- 2/3/7/ or 8


EX: "Find unit's digit of 2336"

 


 


 


 

Definition


Bases with Units Digit of 2, 3, 7, or 8 will repeat UDs every 4th value,


Divide the bases's exponent by 4

 

After dividing, 
If remainder is 1, unit digit of number raised to the power 1
If remainder is 2, unit digit of number raised to the power 2
If remainder is 3, unit digit of number raised to the power 3
If remainder is 0, unit digit of number raised to the power 4.

Term

How to find unit digit of powers of numbers (Pattern 2)


Base with Unit's Digit  - 0/1/5/6

 

Ex: "WHAT'S THE UNIT'S DIGIT OF 2567?"

Definition


For 0/1/5/ or 6


all subsequent poers of this base will habve the SAME UNIT's DIGIT

Term

How to find unit digit of powers of numbers  Pattern 3

 

Base with Unit's Digit of 4 


Ex: "What's the Unit's Digit of 72416?"


Definition



For Bases with a Unit's Digit 4....


If power is odd --> unit's digit will be '4
If power is even --> unit's digit will be '6'

Term

 

How to find unit digit of powers of numbers  Pattern 3

 
Base has unit's digit of 9
 
Ex: "Find Unit's Digit of 79916"
Definition


For bases with Unit's Digit 9...


If power is odd --> unit's digit will be '


If power is even --> unit's digit will be '1

Term

How to find unit digit of powers of numbers


What is the unit's digit of 12294 ?

Definition

Unit's place is 2. So, it repeats every 4th term of the power. 


So, divide the exponent by 4:


94 ÷ 4 = 23, remainder 2 (remainder is what matters). 

Raise the base's unit's digit (2) to the power of 2 (the remainder) to find the unit's digit of 12294:

 

2= 4, so the Unit's Digit of 12294 is 4!

Thus, 4 is the unit's digit of 122^94.

Term




Divisibility Tests: 

 

How can you determine if N is divisible by 2 ?

 

 

Definition

 

 

unit's digit of n must be 0

 

(OR)

 

unit's digit of n must be divisible by 2. 

 
Term

 



Divisibility Tests: 

 

How can you determine if N is divisible by 3 ?

 

Definition

 

 

 

The sum of N's digits must be divisible by 3

Term

 



Divisibility Tests: 

 

How can you determine if N is divisible by 4 ?

 

Definition

 

 

 

1.) N's last two digits must read "00" (ex. "1500")


2.) N's last two digits both divisible by 4 (ex."1,284)

Term

 



Divisibility Tests: 

 

How can you determine if N is divisible by 6 ?

 

Definition

 

 

N must be divisible by both 2 AND 3

Term

 

 


Divisibility Tests: 

 

How can you determine if N is divisible by 8?

 

Definition

 

 

1.) Last three digits are zeros (ex. 21,000)


2.) Last three digits of N form a number divisible by 8. 

Term

Finding factors for a POSITIVE INTEGER: 

What is the sum of the positive factors of integer N?


 Find the sum of 32's factors
 
Find the sum of 1452's factors
Definition

1. Express N in terms of it's prime factors

AP x BQ x CR


2. N will have (P+1)x(Q+1)x(R+1) positive factors

 

Examples

32= 25

Sum of 32's positive factors = (5+1) = 6.

 

1,452 = 22 x 3 x 112.

Sum of 1452's positive factors = (2+1)x(1+1)x(2+1)

3x2x3= 18 positive factors. 

Term

Find number of factors for a POSITIVE INTEGER: 



Which could be the # of factors for N if N is a perfect square?

 

a.) 2

b.) 6

c.) 3

 


Definition

 

c.) 3

 

Perfect squares will always have ODD # factors



Think about it: N will be "missing" a factor when compared to non-perfect squares because N (and every other perfect square) has a square root that appears twice in its list of factors!! 

Term

Find number of factors for a POSITIVE INTEGER: 



What is the sum of ALL factors of positive nteger N?

Definition

1. Express N in terms of it's prime factors

 

AP x BQ x CR


2.  The sum of N's factors is expressed as: 

 

[(A(P+1) - 1)÷(A-1)] x [(B(Q+1) -1)÷(B-1)] x [(C(R+1) -1)÷(C-1)]

 

 

Term

Factor Properties for Positive Integers



For integer N with prime factorization of a, b, c, d and e, is N a perfect square?

Definition

YES


The only numbers with an odd number of prime factors are PERFECT SQUARES!!

 

Term

REMAINDERS

 

(I) When 2 numbers (A and B) are divided by same divisor (C) and the remainders obtained are the same, THEN the DIFFERENCE b/w the 2 numbers (A-B)is also divisible by that divisor (A-B)/C

 

(II) When 2 positive numbers X and Y are divided by the same divisor Z and remainders obtained are 'r1' and 'r2' respectively- - - THEN the remainders obtained when X+Y is divided by Z will be r1+r2 

 

Definition

 

 

Term




What is the remainder when 256 is divided by 7 ? 

 
Definition

Using Pattern Method to solve: 

 

Try to find a pattern by looking at remainders that result when lower values of 2x are divided by 7:

 1.  21/7= remainder 2 (2/7=0. 0+2=2)

2.  22/7= remainder 4

3.  23/7= remainder 1

4.  24/7= remainder 2

5.  25/7= remainder 4

 

Pattern = remainders repeat after 3 exponents.  

 

56 ÷ 3= 18, remainder 2. The 2nd term in the pattern will be the answer; therefore: 256 ÷7 has remainder 4!!

Term

Geometry Formulas


Ratios for 45º-45º-90º Triangle

Definition

 

 

45º-45º-90º

x : x : x√(2)

leg:leg:hypotenuse

Term

Geometry Formulas


Ratios for 30º-60º-90º Triangle

Definition

 

30º-60º-90º

 

x : x√(3) : 2x


base = x√(3)



Any Equilateral Traingle is comprised of 2 30º-60º-90º Triangles!!

Term

Geometry Formulas



Specific formula for area of any Isoceles Triangle
Definition

 

 

1/2*(LEG)2

Term

Geometry Formulas


Unique formula for area of Equilateral Triangle
Definition

 

 

Side2 x √(3)

___________________

4

Term

Geometry Formulas



2 Methods for finding Area of a Square
Definition

 

 

1.) Side2

 

2.)  1/2 * Diagonal2

Term

Geometry Formulas



Formula for area of a parallelogram
Definition

 

 

Base x Height

Term

Geometry Formulas



Properties of Rhombus
Definition

 

1) 4 equal length sides

 

2) Equal Opposite Angles

 

3) Both sides a parallel

 

Term

Geometry Formulas


Area of a Rhombus

2 Formulas
Definition

 

 

1.  Base x Height

 

2.  1/2*(Diagonal1*Diagonal2)

Term

Geometry Formulas

 

 

  

Rectangle's relationship between Side & Diagonal 

Definition

 

 

Length2+Width2= Diagonal2

Term

Geometry Formulas



Trapezoid Perimeter
Definition

 

 

B1+B2+S1+S2

Term

Geometry Formulas

 
 
Trapezoid Area
Definition

 

 

1/2(Base1xBase2)*Height

Term

 

Geometry Formulas



Arc Measure (Formula 1)
Definition

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[image]

Term

 

Geometry Formulas



Arc Measure (Formula 2)
Definition

[image]

[image]

Term

 

Geometry Formulas



Formula for Surface Area of a Cylinder
Definition
[image]
Term

 

Geometry Formulas



Coordinate Plane Distance Formula
Definition

 

 

[image]

Term

 

Geometry Formulas



Slope Formula
Definition

 

 

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