Term
|
Definition
THE ARGUMENT THAT -------
CREATES SEVERAL PROBLEMS BECAUSE IT ASSUMES THAT ------,
IT FAILS TO ADDRESS ---------,
IT OMITS THE FOLLOWING IMPORTANT EVIDENCE: ------------. |
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Term
|
Definition
| IDENTIFY THE CONCLUSION AND FIND THE ANSWER THAT ADDRESSES THE CONCLUSION. |
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Term
| V.CR. STEPS TO SOLVING A CR PROBLEM |
|
Definition
1. READ QUESTION FIRST
2. IDENTIFY CONCLUSION
3. RECONCILE FACTS PRESENTED
4. PARAPHRASE AUTHOR'S POINT
5. PREPHRASE ANSWER
6. KEEP SCOPE IN MIND. MODERATE WORDS. |
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Term
| V.CR. IDENTIFY CONCLUSION (STEP 2) |
|
Definition
THE CONCLUSION IS USUALLY FOUND IN THE FIRST OR LAST SENTENCE OF THE PASSAGE.
SIGNPOSTS: THEREFORE, HENCE, SO, THUS, FOLLOWS THAT, ACCORDINGLY, CONSEQUENTLY, SHOWS THAT, CONCLUDE THAT, AS A RESULT, IMPLIES, MEANS THAT |
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Term
| V.CR. CREATING A CONCLUSION |
|
Definition
FIND THE RIGHT ANSWER BY MIMIC THE REASONING FROM THE PASSAGE.
IF STUDENT A GETS AN A THEN SHE GETS INTO COLLEGE.
IF STUDENT B GOT AN A AND APPLIED TO COLLEGE, THEN SHE WILL GET ACCEPTED.
DON'T NECESSARILY TRY TO DRAW A CORRELATION. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| BECAUSE, SINCE, IN VIEW OF, GIVEN THAT, IF, AS, SUPPOSE, ASSUME, FOR, IS EVIDENCE THAT, IN THAT, OWING TO, IN AS MUCH AS, MAY BE DERIVED FROM |
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Term
| V.CR. ASSUMPTIONS / STRENGTHEN |
|
Definition
ASSUMPTIONS ARE PREMISES THAT ARE NEVER STATED IN THE PASSAGE. ASSUMPTIONS ARE NEW INFO THAT SUPPORT CONCLUSION AND MAKES IT STRONGER.
FIND AN ASSUMPTION BY LOOKING OUT FOR A GAP BETWEEN EVIDENCE AND CONCLUSION. LOOK AT CONCLUSION AND SEE WHAT PART OF IT IS NOT SUPPORTED BY EVIDENCE. |
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Term
|
Definition
ASK WHETHER THERE MIGHT BE AN ALTERNATIVE CAUSE OR POSSIBILITY.
BREAK DOWN CENTRAL ASSUMPTION.
CORRELATION/CAUSATION. ASSUMPTION THAT Y LEAD TO X INSTEAD OF THE OTHER WAY AROUND.
WEAKEN/STRENGTHEN ARGUMENT QUESTIONS OFTEN INVOLVE A SUPPRESSED PREMISE |
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Term
|
Definition
| PICK THE OBVIOUS ANSWER (EVEN IF IT SEEMS TOO OBVIOUS). INFERENCE QUESTIONS ARE ABOUT ONE OR MORE PREMISES (DOES NOT HAVE TO DEAL WITH CONCLUSION). THEY ARE USUALLY VERY BASIC SO PICK THE ANSWER THAT IS 100% TRUE BASED ON WHAT YOU'VE READ. |
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Term
|
Definition
WATCH OUT FOR IRRELEVANT ANSWER CHOICES; STAY WITHIN SCOPE.
BE WARY OF SCOPE SHIFTS OR SHIFTS IN LANGUAGE. I.E. "HOUSEHOLDS" IN Q TO "CONSUMERS" IN ANSWER CHOICE |
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Term
|
Definition
WATCH OUT FOR PERCENTAGES (THEY'RE NOT THE SAME AS NUMBERS).
ASSUME STATS ARE REPRESENTATIVE. |
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Term
|
Definition
INFERENCE QUESTIONS GO ONLY A TINY BIT FURTHER THAN WHAT IS SAID IN THE PASSAGE.
DO NOT PREPHRASE; GO RIGHT TO ANSWER CHOICES AND MAKE YOUR JUDGMENT. |
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Term
| V. RC. GOOD VS BAD ANSWERS |
|
Definition
INDISPUTABLE ANSWER CHOICES THAT ARE HIGHLY SPECIFIC AND UNEQUIVOCAL ARE USUALLY WRONG.
DIPLOMATIC, VAGUE AND GENERAL ANSWERS ARE BEST. THEY PARAPHRASE TEXT NICELY AND RESPECTFULLY. |
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Term
| V. RC. AVOID ANSWER CHOICES WITH THESE WORDS (USUALLY) |
|
Definition
| ALWAYS, ALL, MOST, EVERYBODY/EVERYONE, NO ONE/NOBODY, NEVER, LEAST, ABSOLUTELY, IMPOSSIBLE |
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Term
| V. RC. DIPLOMATIC WORDS ARE BETTER |
|
Definition
EX:
PERHAPS/(UN)LIKELY/POSSIBLY/DOUBTFUL,
USUALLY/OFTEN/RARELY/SOMETIMES, MAY/MIGHT,
CAN/COULD,
SOME/FEW/MANY,
MORE/LESS |
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Term
|
Definition
-DON'T OVER-INVEST. 4 MIN READING, 1 MIN QUESTION.
-PARAPHRASE
-CREATE ROADMAP
-BEWARE OF DECOY ANSWERS |
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Term
| V.CR. BE MINDFUL OF TOPIC AND SCOPE |
|
Definition
USUALLY FOUND IN FIRST PARAGRAPH. WRITE THEM DOWN.
-TOPIC: GENERAL SUBJECT, IE. INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
-SCOPE: NARROWING OF TOPIC; SUBJECT MATTER OF TOPIC THAT THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES IN THE PASSAGE. I.E. ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL MACHINES AND THEIR DANGERS |
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Term
|
Definition
AVOID DISPARAGING OR PREJUDICED ANSWERS.
AVOID WORDS LIKE: SCORNFUL, ENVIOUS, OVERLY ENTHUSIASTIC, RESOLVE, ETC. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
ANSWERS THAT...
-ARE TOO SPECIFIC, TOO BROAD, OR TOO EXTREME
-ARE NOT RELEVANT
-MAKE SENSE BUT ARE NOT MENTIONED IN THE PASSAGE
-STRAY FROM PASSAGE
-REFUTES PASSAGE DIRECTLY |
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Term
|
Definition
| FOCUS ON IDEAS NOT FACTS. |
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Term
|
Definition
| TO QUALIFY A CLAIM MEANS TO WEAKEN/SOFTEN IT. |
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Term
| V. SC. AGREE WITH VS AGREE TO |
|
Definition
AGREE WITH ANOTHER PERSON.
AGREE TO SOMETHING INANIMATE (IE PROPOSAL). |
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Term
| V. SC. IN THAT VS BECAUSE |
|
Definition
| IN THAT IS USUALLY BETTER THAN BECAUSE |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V. SC. COMPARE LIKE THINGS TO LIKE THINGS AND LIKE ACTIONS TO LIKE ACTIONS |
|
Definition
COMPARISON OF NOUNS:
THE PEOPLE IN MY OFFICE ARE SMARTER THAN THOSE IN OTHER OFFICES.
COMPARISON OF ACTIONS:
SYNTHETIC OILS BURN LESS EFFICIENTLY THAN DO NATURAL OILS. |
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Term
|
Definition
FEWER IS COUNTABLE
LESS IS NON COUNTABLE |
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|
Term
|
Definition
NUMBER IS COUNTABLE
AMOUNT/QUANTITY IS NON COUNTABLE |
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|
Term
|
Definition
MANY IS COUNTABLE
MUCH IS NON COUNTABLE |
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|
Term
| V. SC. CORRECT SENTENCES (A) PER TEST |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WHEN GMAT GIVES YOU A CHOICE BETWEEN ONE VERB TENSE THAT IS -ING VERSUS ANOTHER THAT IS NOT, USUALLY THE -ING IS WRONG. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| MODIFIERS SHOULD BE AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE WORD OR CLAUSE IT MODIFIES |
|
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Term
|
Definition
SHOULD REFLECT SEQUENCE OF EVENTS.
-EMPHASIZE CONTINUING NATURE OF ACTION
-EMPHASIZE THAT TWO ACTIONS ARE OCCURRING SIMULTANEOUSLY |
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Term
| V. SC. PAST PERFECT TENSE |
|
Definition
| THE USE OF THE PAST PERFECT TENSE IS ONLY WARRANTED WHEN THE SENTENCE HAS ANOTHER VERB IN THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE. |
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Term
|
Definition
SUCH AS MEANS "FOR EXAMPLE"
LIKE MEANS "SIMILAR TO" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LIKE IS FOLLOWED BY A NOUN/OBJECT PRONOUN/VERB ENDING IN -ING. USE LIKE FOR COMPARING SIMILARITY BETWEEN TWO NOUNS
AS DESCRIBES A MANNER AND IS FOLLOWED BY A VERB. USE AS FOR COMPARING ACTIONS, TWO CLAUSES, TWO NOUNS DOING TWO ACTIONS. "HE LOOKS AS IF HE IS DRUNK". AS INTRODUCES A CLAUSE. CLAUSES REQUIRE SUBJECT AND VERB.
AS IS USUALLY PREFERRED OVER LIKE |
|
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Term
| V. SC. IDIOMS INVOLVING AS |
|
Definition
-REGARDED AS (NOT TO BE)
-AS LONG AS
-SUCH QUESTIONS AS
-PLAYS AS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NONE CAN BE SINGULAR OR PLURAL
NO ONE IS SINGULAR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AGREE THAT . DISTINGUISH BETWEEN X AND Y. LIKELY TO BE. SAME TO X AS TO Y. DECIDING THAT. JUST AS (HE LEFT) SO (DID SHE) . NOT SO MUCH ... AS . FORBID ---- TO DO --- . PROHIBIT -- FROM DOING --. SO -- AS TO BE --- . SAME AS --- AS TO --- . JUST AS --- SO TOO --- . NOT --- BUT RATHER --- --- . TARGETED -- AT ---- (NOT TO). IN CONTRAST TO (NOT WITH) . SIMILAR TO. AS LONG----AS. AS FAR---AS. PREFER TO. HOPE FOR (A THING, AN ACTION). HOPE TO. |
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Term
| V. SC. GREATER THAN VS MORE THAN |
|
Definition
GREATER THAN IS APPROPRIATE WHEN DESCRIBING NUMBERS ALONE.
GREATER THAN 100
MORE THAN SHOULD BE USED WHEN DESCRIBING THE NUMBERS OF OBJECTS OR WHEN MAKING COMPARISONS.
MORE THAN 100 FISH |
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Term
| V. SC. SUBORDINATION , COORDINATION |
|
Definition
COORDINATION : EQUAL EMPHASIS (AND, OR, BUT)
SUBORDINATION : EMPHASIZE OTHER PART (ALTHOUGH,WHILE,SINCE)
CAREFUL WHEN THEY SWITCH THAT IN ANSWER CHOICE |
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Term
| V. SC. PASSIVE CONSTRUCTION |
|
Definition
AVOID PASSIVE VERBS
ACTION TENSE IS PREFERRED IF IN CORRECT SENTENCE |
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Term
|
Definition
LESS IS ALSO USED FOR SUMS OF MONEY, PERIODS OF TIME, DISTANCE, AND CITATIONS OF NUMERICAL/STATISTICAL DATA
-IT'S LESS THAN 20 MILES TO DALLAS
-WE SPENT LESS THAN $20
-THE TOWN SPENT LESS THAN 4% OF ITS BUDGET |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| RATES FOR (MEANING PRICE CHARGED) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
ONE OF THE + PLURAL NOUN + THAT/WHO + PLURAL VERB
-THIS IS ONE OF THE CARS THAT RUN ON HYDROGEN. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WHEN CONSIDER MEANS "REGARD AS". "CONSIDER" SHOULD NOT BE FOLLOWED BY "AS" OR "TO BE". |
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|
Term
|
Definition
PUT OMITTED PIECES BACK INTO SENTENCE TO SEE IF IT MAKES SENSE.
LEAVE WORDS OUT WHEN USING COMPARISON USING 'THAN' OR 'AS'. |
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Term
|
Definition
| WHEN THE ENTIRE SENTENCE IS UNDERLINED THE ANSWER HAS A HIGHER PROBABILITY OF BEING D OR E. |
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Term
| V. SC. COMPARE TO VS WITH |
|
Definition
USE COMPARE WITH FOR LIKE THINGS. SHOW EITHER SIMILARITY OR DIFFERENCE (USUALLY DIFFERENCE)
IE. GOZO COMPARED ALLISON WITH SHIRLEY.
USE COMPARE TO WITH UNLIKE THINGS. STRESS RESEMBLANCE.
IE. I COMPARED ALLISON TO A SUMMER'S DAY. |
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Term
| V. SC. A NUMBER VS THE NUMBER |
|
Definition
A NUMBER REQUIRES A PLURAL VERB
THE NUMBER REQUIRES A SINGULAR VERB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ALWAYS BE SUSPICIOUS OF THE PRONOUN THEY AND IT.
IMMEDIATELY CHECK THE ANTECEDENT. |
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|
Term
| V. SC. COMPARISON OF ACTIONS |
|
Definition
FRENCH WINES TASTE BETTER THAN AUSTRALIAN WINES 'DO'/'TASTE'.
FRENCH WINES TASTE BETTER THAN 'DO' AUSTRALIAN WINES. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| HOPEFULLY IS ALMOST ALWAYS WRONG ON THE GMAT. AVOID SENTENCE CHOICES WITH THIS WORD. |
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Term
|
Definition
THINKING WORDS ARE ALWAYS FOLLOWED BY "THAT"
LUCY'S BELIEF THAT...
LUCY'S THEORY THAT... |
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Term
| V. SC. CREDIT WITH/TO/FOR |
|
Definition
-CREDIT A WITH B - GIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR; EDISON IS CREDITED WITH INVENTING THE LIGHT BULB -CREDIT X TO Y - GIVE MONEY TO -CREDIT FOR (NOUN) - MONEY RECEIVED FOR SOMETHING ; I RECEIVED CREDIT FOR INTERRUPTION |
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|
Term
| V. SC. QUANTIFIERS + OF + P/S NOUN + P/S VERB (MANAS) |
|
Definition
MOST OF THE PEOPLE ARE;
MOST OF THE WATER IS;
MAJORITY OF/MINORITY OF/PLUTARITY OF;
MOST, ALL, NONE, ANY, SOME, |
|
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Term
|
Definition
MAJORITY SHOULD BE USED WITH COUNT NOUNS ONLY.
MAJORITY OF THE CLASSES (NOT TALK). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WHENEVER WE HAVE TWO OPTIONS THAT ARE BOTH GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT, AND THE ONLY DIFFERENCE IS MEANING, WE MUST GO WITH THE ORIGINAL MEANING. |
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|
Term
| V. SC. CONCERN FOR VS WITH |
|
Definition
CONCERN FOR = WORRIED, ANXIOUS CONCERNED WITH = RELATED TO |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| SO IS USED TO REPLACE A VERB IN A SENTENCE IT IS USED TO REPLACE A NOUN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| EACH IS USUALLY SINGULAR UNLESS IT FOLLOWS A PLURAL SUBJECT. SINGULAR - 3 CATS, EACH OF WHICH EATS PLURAL - THREE CATS EACH EAT |
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Term
|
Definition
WHETHER WILL ALMOST ALWAYS BEAT IF WHETHER - DISCUSS TWO OPTIONS/ALTERNATIVES. WHETHER TO GO OR NOT. IF - FOR TWO OR MORE OPTIONS/SENTENCE DESCRIBES A HYPOTHETICAL SITUATION. "IF HE WENT, HE WOULD..." |
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Term
|
Definition
| SO + ADJ + AS TO + VERB HER DEBTS ARE SO EXTREME AS TO THREATEN HER COMPANY. |
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Term
|
Definition
DUE TO MEANS 'CAUSED BY' AND NOT BECAUSE OF
INCORRECT- THE GAME WAS POSTPONED DUE TO RAIN.
CORRECT - THE POSTPONEMENT WAS DUE TO RAIN. |
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Term
|
Definition
| USE RATHER THAN TO EXPRESS A PREFERENCE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WHEN IN DOUBT CHOOSE THE MOST CONCISE ANSWER. |
|
|
Term
| V. SC. WHETHER VS AS TO WHETHER |
|
Definition
| WHETHER SHOULD REPLACE AS TO WHETHER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LOOK AT PROBABILITY OF NOT OCCURRING TO FIND P(EVENT OCCURRING). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ODD NUMBERS HAVE ONLY ODD FACTORS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
X = NEGATIVE B PLUS MINUS SQUARE ROOT OF B SQUARED MINUS 4AC ALL DIVIDED BY 2A
AX^2 +BX + C = 0 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| MULTIPLICATION OF DIFF BASES WITH SAME EXPONENTS = DIFF BASE WITH SAME EXPONENT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| START WITH PRIMES TO SEE IF THEY'RE FACTORS UNTIL REACHING A NUMBER LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO THE SQUARE ROOT OF N. THEN YOU CAN BE SURE N IS PRIME. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ORGANIZE INFORMATION INTO A GRID. EX OF EITHER OR CATEGORIES (SPANISH/FRENCH/NOTSPANISH/NOT FRENCH) |
|
|
Term
| Q. WHAT FACTORS GREATER THAN 1 DO X AND Y HAVE IN COMMON? |
|
Definition
BREAK DOWN NUMBERS TO THEIR PRIME FACTORS AND MULTIPLY THE PRIME FACTORS THEY HAVE IN COMMON. THIS WILL GIVE YOU ALL THE COMMON FACTORS. FOR EX: 135 AND 225 BOTH SHARE 3X3X5 IN COMMON. FIND ALL COMBOS OF THESE NUMBERS:
3X3=9
3X5=15
3X3X5=45 |
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|
Term
| Q. PROBABILITY THAT IT IS X OR Y |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Q. PROBABILITY THAT IT IS X AND Y |
|
Definition
P(X)P(Y)
MULTIPLY BOTH PROBABILITIES TOGETHER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IF ORDER IS NOT IMPORTANT AND S OBJECTS ARE TO BE SELECTED FROM A LARGER SET OF B OBJECTS.
B!
S!(B-S)! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
COUNTING THE NUMBER OF WAYS THAT S OBJECTS CAN BE ORDERED FROM A SET OF B OBJECTS.
B!
(B-S)! |
|
|
Term
| Q. MULTIPLICATION PRINCIPLE |
|
Definition
| IF A FIRST OBJECT MAY BE CHOSEN IN M WAYS AND A SECOND OBJECTS MAY BE CHOSEN IN N WAYS, THEN THERE ARE MN WAYS OF CHOOSING BOTH OBJECTS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| THE NUMBER OF WAYS TO ARRANGE N DISTINCT OBJECTS ALONG A FIXED CIRCLE IS (N-1)! |
|
|
Term
| Q. CHECK IF A NUMBER IS A MULTIPLE OF 12 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Q. WHETHER A NUMBER IS A MULTIPLE OF 9 |
|
Definition
| SUM OF DIGITS IS DIVISIBLE BY 9 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MULTIPLES OF 3 ARE -3,6,9.... |
|
|
Term
| Q. ASSUMING INTEGER STATUS |
|
Definition
| DON'T ASSUME A NUMBER IS AN INTEGER UNLESS EXPLICITLY TOLD SO |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MEDIUM QUESTIONS REQUIRE 2 STEPS TO SOLVE. DIFFICULT QUESTIONS REQUIRE AT LEAST 3 STEPS. GMAT BEGINS WITH A MEDIUM QUESTION. |
|
|
Term
| Q. BOTH/NEITHER QUESTIONS |
|
Definition
MIXED GROUP FORMULA
GROUP1+GROUP2+NEITHER-BOTH = TOTAL |
|
|
Term
| Q. BALANCING METHOD FOR MIXTURES/DILUTION |
|
Definition
HOW MANY LITERS OF SOLUTION THAT'S 10% ALCOHOL TO ADD TO 2 LITERS OF A SOLUTION THAT IS 50% ALCOHOL TO CREATE A SOLUTION THAT IS 15%?
(% WEAKER SOL - % DESIRED)AMT WEAK SOL = (%STRONG SOL-% DESIRED SOL)AMT STRONG SOL
OR
0.15N+.05(5)=0.1(N+5) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PRINCIPAL X RATE X TIME
6%,12K,9 MTHS = 12000X.06X(9/12) |
|
|
Term
| Q. SUM OF CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS |
|
Definition
| SUM = AVG X NUMBER OF TERMS |
|
|
Term
| Q. AVERAGE OF CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS |
|
Definition
THE AVERAGE OF A SET OF EVENLY SPACED CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS IS THE AVG OF THE SMALLEST AND LARGEST NUMBERS IN THE SET
AVG OF ALL INTEGERS 13 TO 77
(13+77)/2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IF YOU HAVE TO GUESS IN A PS QUESTION, GO WITH D OR E. ESPECIALLY IF PROBLEM FORCES YOU TO USE OR PLUG IN ANSWER CHOICES. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. DETERMINE WHETHER IT IS YES/NO OR VALUE QUESTION
2. SKIP TO (2) IF YOU DON'T GET (1) SO YOU CAN ELIMINATE AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
WHENEVER YOU SEE A PROBLEM W/VARIABLES IN THE ANSWER CHOICES OR PERCENTAGE/FRACTION/RATIOS (WHEN THEY ARE %/FRACTION/RATIOS OF UNSPECIFIED AMOUNTS), YOU SHOULD CONSIDER PLUGGING IN.
1. REPLACE EVERY VARIABLE IN THE QUESTION WITH A NUMBER
2. USE THOSE NUMBERS TO WORK OUT AN ANSWER. THAT NUMBER WILL BE YOUR TARGET.
3. PLUG YOUR MADE UP NUMBERS INTO VARIABLES IN THE ANSWERS.
4. SEE WHICH ANSWER CHOICE MATCHES YOUR TARGET |
|
|
Term
| Q. SMART NUMBERS (PLUGGING IN) |
|
Definition
FOR FRACTIONS, CHOOSE THE LEAST COMMON DENOMINATOR
FOR PERCENTAGES, USE 100 OR MULTIPLE OF
DON'T USE NUMBERS IN THE QUESTIONS/ANSWERS OR 0 OR 1. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(DIFFERENCE/ORIGINAL) X 100
-USE FOR QUESTIONS WITH VALUE INCREASING OR DECREASING
-COMPARING 2 NUMBERS AND ASKING FOR DIFFERENCE IN PERCENTAGE TERMS
-ORIGINAL NUMBER IS THE SMALLEER ONE IN INCREASING PROBLEMS AND IT IS THE LARGER NUMBER IN DECREASING PROBLEMS |
|
|
Term
| Q. SUM OF INTEGERS BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS |
|
Definition
SUM OF EVEN INTEGERS BETWEEN 40 AND 60 (INCLUSIVE) IS
#OF INT (40+60) ALL DIVIDED BY 2 |
|
|
Term
| Q. DS. SUBSTITUTING X = Y |
|
Definition
IN A PROBLEM W/ TWO VARIABLES, CHECK THE CASE WHICH X=7
WHEN X <0, PLUG IN (IN THIS ORDER) -1,-2,-1/2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AN EVEN NUMBER IS DIVISIBLE BY 2. THIS CAN BE WRITTEN AS 2X.
AN ODD NUMBER IS NOT DIVISIBIBLE BY 2. IT CAN BE WRITTEN AS 2X+1. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| THE REMAINDER IS R WHEN P IS DIVIDED BY Q MEANS P=QZ+R Z IS THE QUOTIENT. EX: REMAINDER IS 1 WHEN 7 IS DIVIDED BY 3. 7=3X2+1 |
|
|
Term
| Q. STANDARD DEVIATION OF N NUMBERS |
|
Definition
1. FIND AVG
2. (N-AVG)^2 + (N20AVG)^2 FOR ALL
3. AVERAGE OF THE ABOVE
4. SQUARE ROOT OF THE ABOVE |
|
|
Term
| Q. MULTIPLYING ONE RADICAL BY ANOTHER |
|
Definition
MULTIPLY BASES AND MULTIPLY INTEGERS INSIDE RADICAL.
6SQRT3 X 2SQRT5 = 12SQRT15 |
|
|
Term
| Q. SUM OF INTERIOR ANGLES IN A POLYGON WITH N SIDES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Q. AVERAGE OF EVENLY SPACED NUMBERS |
|
Definition
| AVERAGE OF EVENLY SPACED NUMBERS IS THE MEDIAN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 LESS THAN Y IS "Y-2" NOT "2-Y" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IS X >10^10
(1)X>2^34
REPLACE 2^43>10^10
AND IT WILL GIVE US A YES/NO ANSWER |
|
|
Term
| V. RC. MAIN IDEA OF PASSAGE |
|
Definition
| MAIN IDEA OF A PASSAGE IS USUALLY STATED IN THE LAST, OR FIRST, SENTENCE OF 1ST PARAGRAPH. IF NOT, MIGHT BE THE LAST SENTENCE OF THE ENTIRE PASSAGE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WHEN GIVEN X,Y KNOW THEY CAN STAND FOR THE SAME NUMBER |
|
|
Term
| Q. OPPOSITE ANGLES OF A PARALLELOGRAM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NOTHING CAN BE DIVIDED BY 0. NOT EVEN O ITSELF. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CHECK ADJECTIVES CHOSEN BY AUTHOR TO FEEL TONE. |
|
|
Term
| V.RC. SIGNPOSTS OF A TURN |
|
Definition
PIVOTAL WORDS WILL TEST WHETHER YOU MADE A TURN WITH THE AUTHOR:
BUT, HOWEVER
DESPITE, NONETHELESS
ALTHOUGH, YET
NEVERTHELESS, EXCEPT
EVEN THOUGH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IDEAS IN A CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH TAKE PRECEDENT OVER IDEAS IN A SUPPORTING PARAGRAPH. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AFTER "OR" OR "NOR" VERB AGREES WITH LAST NOUN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WHERE MUST REFER TO AN ACTUAL TIME REFERENCE. WHEN MUST REFER TO AN ACTUAL PLACE REFERENCE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NON RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE IS USUALLY INTRODUCED BY 'WHICH' AND IS NOT CRITICAL FOR UNDERSTANDING.
PAY ATTENTION TO WHETHER A CLAUSE IS RESTRICTIVE OR NON RESTRICTIVE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WHICH MUST COME RIGHT AFTER A COMMA AND MUST REFER TO NOUN BEFORE COMMA (UNLESS IT COMES AFTER PREPOSITION) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
WITH 60 MIN REMAINING, #7
WITH 50 MIN REMAINING, #13
WITH 25 MIN REMAINING, #25 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
X^12=2
WHAT IS X^6
ANSWER IS SQRT6. BECAUSE SQRT X^12 =SQRT2, SINCE IT EQUALS X^12/12 |
|
|
Term
| Q. DS. UNDERSTAND BEFORE FACTORING |
|
Definition
READ QUESTION CAREFULLY
(X)(X+1) IS TWO CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS OR EVEN/ODD QUESTION.
DON'T FACTOR IT OUT. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WHENEVER A TRIANGLE IS INSCRIBED IN A CIRCLE, THE HYPOTENUSE IS A DIAMETER OF THE CIRCLE. |
|
|
Term
| Q. TWO TRIANGLES INSIDE A SQUARE INSIDE A CIRCLE |
|
Definition
| FIND ABCD SQUARE AREA WITH RADIUS, DIAMETER, OR A SIDE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 IS THE ONLY EVEN PRICE. HANDY FOR PROBLEMS INVOLVING ODD/EVEN, PRIME. |
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Definition
| REMEMBER NEGATIVE NUMBERS, FRACTIONS, AND ZERO |
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| WHEN ONE OVERTAKES THE OTHER |
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WHEN TRAVELING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS OR GOING TOWARDS EACH OTHER TO MEET IN THE 'MIDDLE'ISH |
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| TOTAL DISTANCE/TOTAL TIME |
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Definition
WORK=RATE X TIME
WORK IS USUALLY 1 (HENCE TIME =1/R) |
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Definition
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Term
| Q. CALCULATE CONSECUTIVE PROBABILITIES |
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Definition
MULTIPLY INDIVIDUAL PROBABILITIES.
I.E. TWO HEADS IN A ROW |
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Term
| Q. CALCULATE EITHER-OR PROBABILITIES |
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Definition
ADD THE INDIVIDUAL PROBABILITIES
I.E. A 3 OR A 4 IN A ROLL OF DICE |
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Term
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Definition
| ONE SIDE IS JUST LIKE THE OTHER SIDE. IF 3X+2=5, THEN BOTH SIDES ARE POSITIVE, ODD, AND PRIME. |
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Definition
ONE SIDE INCREASES OTHER DECREASES. YX=K. SET PRODUCTS EQUAL SINCE PRODUCT OF TWO QUANTITIES IS CONSTANT.
BUT IF THEY ARE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONED , SET RATIOS EQUAL. |
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Definition
| REMOVE ALL RADICALS FROM THE DENOMINATOR |
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Term
| Q. SUPER PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM |
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Definition
A^2+B^2+C^2=D^2 FOR RECTANGLES
L^2=D^2+H^2 FOR CYLINDERS |
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Definition
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Term
| Q. COMMON RIGHT TRIANGLES |
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Definition
3,4,5 5,12,13 9,12,15 6,8,10 |
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Term
| Q. CONVERT DEGREE TO RADIAN |
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Definition
| MULTIPLY DEGREE BY PIE OVER 180 |
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Term
| Q. NUMBER OF INTEGERS BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS - INCLUSIVE |
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Definition
| DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS +1 |
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Term
| Q. REVERSING THE INEQUALITY |
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Definition
| MULTIPLYING/DIVIDING BOTH SIDES OF AN INEQUALITY BY A NEGATIVE NUMBER REVERSES THE INEQUALITY |
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Term
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Definition
SMALL/BIGGER IS LESS THAN 1
TAKING SQRT OF A PROPER FRACTION MAKES IT LARGER.
SQUARING A PROPER FRACTION MAKES IT SMALLER. |
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Term
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Definition
| V=PIE R^2 X HEIGHT SA = 2PIE R^2 + PIE D H |
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Definition
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Definition
PIE IS APPROX EQUAL TO 3
IT CAN ALSO BE 22/7
DON'T ACCIDENTALLY CANCEL OUT PIE |
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Definition
1 LB = 16 OZ
3 FT = 1 YD
12 IN = 1 FT
1 M = 100 CM
1 KM = 1000 M
1 CM = 10 MM
1 GAL = 4 QUART
1 MI = 5280 FT
1 QT = 2 PTS
1 TON = 2000 LBS
1 YR = 365 DAYS = 52 WEEKS |
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Term
| Q. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS |
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Definition
LOOK FOR 'COULD' BE TRUE AND 'MUST' BE TRUE
PLUG IN REAL NUMBERS TO DOUBLE CHECK |
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Term
| Q. SUM OF 3 POSITIVE CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS |
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Term
| Q. SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER YIELDS |
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Definition
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Term
| Q. PRICE BEFORE X DISCOUNT |
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Definition
Y=ORIGINAL PRICE
Y(1-X) - PRICE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Q. FIND DISTANCE BETWEEN O AND POINT B |
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Definition
DISTANCE FORMULA =
SQRT [ (X-A)^2 + (Y-B)^2 ]
DISTANCE FROM ORIGIN SIMPLIFIES INTO
SQRT (X^2+Y^2) |
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Term
| Q. MIDPOINT BETWEEN PTS (X,Y) AND (A,B) |
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Definition
MIDPOINT FORMULA - AVERAGE OF THE CORRESPONDING COORDINATES OF THE TWO POINTS
M= (X+A)/2 , (Y+B)/2 |
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Definition
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Definition
Y= MX + B
B= Y-INTERCEPT . TELLS YOU HOW FAR ON Y IS ORIGIN. |
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Definition
| 0 IS A MULTIPLE OF EVERY NUMBER |
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Term
| Q. TO COMPARE TWO FRACTIONS |
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Definition
CROSS MULTIPLY.
LARGER PRODUCT WILL BE ON THE SAME SIDE AS LARGER FRACTION
5/6 VS 8/7
(5X7) VS (6X8) |
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Definition
X, X+1, X+2 EVEN/ODD X, X+2, X+4 |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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| V.CR. STRATEGY -DESCRIPTION QUESTIONS |
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Definition
| DESCRIPTION QUESTIONS REQUIRE PARAPHRASE FROM PASSAGE |
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Term
| Q. GUESSING ON HARD QUESTIONS |
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Definition
-ELIMINATE SMALLEST # AND BIGGEST #
-NOT ENOUGH INFO CHOICE
-ANSWERS WITH SAME # ON QUESTION
-ELEMENTARY MATH ANSWERS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
VOLUME = L . W . H
SA = 2WL + 2HL + 2WH
DIAGONAL = SUPER PYTHAGOREAN |
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Term
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Definition
VOLUME = X^3
SA = 6X^2
SUPER D = X SQRT 3 |
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Term
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Definition
LENGTH OF REMAINING SIDE IS
-SMALLER THAN THE SUM OF THE TWO SIDES
-LARGER THAN THE DIFF OF THE TWO SIDES |
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Term
| Q. USING ANGLE TO FIND AREA OR LENGTH OF A PIECE OF CIRCLE |
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Definition
1. MULTIPLE ANGLE BY 1/360 . EX: 90 DEGREES IS 1/4 OF THE ARC OF A CIRCLE.
2. FIND THE AREA OR CIRCUMFERENCE OF CIRCLE
3. TIMES THAT BY THE FRACTION (IE. 1/4)
4. THAT WILL GIVE YOU THE AREA OF THAT SECTION OR THE LENGTH OF THAT ARC |
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Term
| Q. DS. TO AVOID MAKING CARELESS MISTAKES |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
1/10 = 0.1
2/100 = 0.02
3/1000 = .003 |
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Definition
HAS ONE HALF THE MEASURE OF ITS INTERCEPTED ARC.
A CENTRAL ANGLE HAS THE SAME MEASURE AS ITS INTERCEPTED ARC. |
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Definition
AREA = PIE R SQUARED
VOL = 4/3 PIE R CUBED |
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Definition
X^(a-b) IF a>b
1/(X^b-a) IF b>a |
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Definition
WHAT IS A-B?
A. TWO DIGIT # = 10X+7
B. TWO DIGIT # IN REVERSE ORDER = X+10Y |
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Term
| Q. STRATEGY - LOOK AT ANSWER CHOICES |
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Definition
| TO RESTRICT YOUR SEARCH QUICKLY |
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Term
| Q. TERMINATING DECIMALS CAN BE EXPRESSED AS A FRACTION |
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Definition
| FRACTION DENOMINATOR MUST FULLY REDUCE TO A PRIME FACTORIZATION THAT CONSITS OF ONLY 2's AND 5's. |
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Term
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Definition
| TO FIND 10% OF ANY NUMBER, JUST MOVE THE DECIMAL POINT TO THE LEFT ONE PLACE |
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Term
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Definition
P(1+R)^N SAY 2% COMPOUNDING SEMI ANNUALLY FOR 2 YEARS P(1+.01)^4 Principal times rate per period raised to the number of periods. |
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Term
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Definition
| CORRECTNESS, CONCISION, CLARITY |
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Term
| V.SC. WORDS OF UNCERTAINTY |
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Definition
| CHECK WHETHER ORIGINAL SENTENCE REQUIRES DOUBT OR CERTAINTY IN MEANING |
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Term
| V.SC. LOOK FOR THE FOLLOWING ERRORS |
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Definition
modifiers parallelism comparison idioms pronouns subject-verb agreement concision and clarity - wordiness redundancy like vs such as word placement verb tense |
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Term
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Definition
| WHEN IN DOUBT OF THE PLURALITY OF A NOUN, THINK SINGULAR |
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Definition
| IS ALMOST ALWAYS INCORRECT |
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Definition
HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
ACTION THAT IS STILL GOING AND STARTED IN THE PAST |
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Definition
HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
ACTION HAPPENED BEFORE ANOTHER PAST ACTION. |
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Term
| V.SC. WILL/WOULD/WOULD HAVE |
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Definition
IF + VERB, WILL VERB
IF + PAST VERB, WOULD VERB
IF + HAD VERB, WOULD HAVE VERB |
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Term
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Definition
| MAKE SURE A SENTENCE HAS SUBJECT AND A VERB |
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Term
| V.SC. ANTECEDENT - POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS |
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Definition
| POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS CAN REFER BACK TO POSSESSIVE NOUNS, OBJECT PRONOUNS CANNOT. JOE'S ROOM IS SO MESSY THAT HIS MOTHER CALLS JOSE A PIG. |
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Term
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Definition
| WHOM ARE YOU GOING TO MARRY - IS CORRECT BECAUSE IT IS THE OBJECT AND 'YOU' IS THE SUBJECT |
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Term
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Definition
| MODIFIER SHOULD TOUCH THE NOUN IT MODIFIES. |
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Term
| V.SC. ADVERBIAL MODIFIERS |
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Definition
ADVERBIAL MODIFIERS DO NOT NEED TO TOUCH THE WORDS THEY MODIFY, BUT SHOULD BE PLACED CLOSEST TO THE VERB IT MODIFIES.
ADVERB - VERB, ADVERB, PREPOSITION, PHRASE |
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Term
| V.SC. WHO/WHICH/THAT VS NON/ESSENTIAL |
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Definition
WHO - INTRODUCES PHRASES THAT MODIFY PERSON OR GROUP OF PEOPLE (ESSENTIAL/NON)
WHICH - INTRODUCES PHRASES THAT MODIFY THINGS. NON ESSENTIAL.
THAT INTRODUCES PHRASES THAT MODIFY PEOPLE/THINGS. ESSENTIAL. |
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Term
| V.SC. BASED ON VS BECAUSE OF |
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Definition
BASED ON MODIFIES THE SUBJECT.
BECAUSE OF MODIFIES THE VERB. |
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Term
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Definition
| YOU CAN LEAVE OUT "TO" AFTER THE FIRST INFINITIVE |
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Term
| V.SC. PARALLELISM - COMPARISON |
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Definition
| IF YOU SEE A COMPARISON, STOP AND ENSURE THAT THE TWO THINGS ARE TRULY PARALLEL IN STRUCTURE AND MEANING |
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Term
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Definition
| TO SEE WHETHER SOMETHING IS COUNTABLE, USE THE COUNTING TEST. 1 DOLLAR, 2 DOLLARS -VS- 1 MONEY, 2 MONEY, STOP! |
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Term
| V.SC. INCREASE VS GREATER |
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Definition
| INCREASE/DECREASE EXPRESS CHANGE OF ONE THING OVER TIME. GREATER/LESS COMPARE 2 THINGS. PRICE OF SILVER INCREASED BY 2 DOLLARS. PRICE OF SILVER IS LESS THAN PRICE OF COPPER. |
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Term
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Definition
| SENTENCES CONNECTED BY ";" CAN EACH STAND ON ITS OWN |
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Term
| Q. CHECKING ABSOLUTE VALUES |
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Definition
| PLUG SOLUTION BACK INTO ORIGINAL EQUATION TO SEE IF IT STILL WORKS. TEST +/+, +/-,-/-,-/+ |
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Term
| Q. DIVIDING BOTH SIDES OF AN EQUATION |
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Definition
| BE CAREFUL. YOU MUST DIVIDE BY A VARIABLE AND IT CANNOT BE 0. I.E. (Y+4) COULD BE 0, SO YOU CAN'T DIVIDE INTO THIS. |
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Term
| Q. QUADRATIC FORMULA - NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS |
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Definition
| EX. WHICH EQUATION HAS NO SOLUTION FOR A? USE (B^2-4AC). IF ANSWER IS GREATER THAN 0, THERE ARE 2 SOLUTIONS. IF IT IS EQUAL TO ZERO, THERE IS 1 SOLUTION. IF IT IS NEGATIVE, THERE IS NO SOLUTION. |
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Term
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Definition
Y=k(R^t)
k=VALUE OF QUANTITY AT t=0 |
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Term
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Definition
| MANY POSITIVE/NEGATIVE PROBLEMS ARE DISGUISED AS INEQUALITY PROBLEMS |
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Term
| Q. INEQUALITY-FLIPPING THE SIGN |
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Definition
| IF BOTH SIDES ARE KNOWN TO BE NEGATIVE, THEN FLIP THE INEQUALITY SIGN WHEN YOU SQUARE. |
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Term
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Definition
| CONCLUSION ANSWERS WHAT; EVIDENCE ANSWERS WHY (AUTHOR BELIEVES THIS) |
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Term
| V.CR. DENIAL TEST/ASSUMPTION QUESTIONS |
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Definition
| NEGATE THE STATEMENT AND SEE IF ARGUMENT FALLS APART |
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Term
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Definition
| ANYTHING/ANYONE NOT MENTIONED IN THE STIMULUS |
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Term
| V.CR. BOLDFACE STATEMENT IS USUALLY |
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Definition
1. AUTHOR'S CONCLUSION
2. PREMISE THAT SUPPORTS CONCLUSION (FOR)
3. PREMISE THAT WEAKENS CONCLUSION (AGAINST) |
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Term
| Q. FACTORS/MULTIPLES/DIVISIBILITY |
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Definition
| CLOSELY RELATED CONCEPTS. IF X IS A FACTOR OF Y, Y IS A MULTIPLE OF X, Y MUST BE DIVISIBLE BY X. 12=3N |
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Term
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Definition
| LAST 3 DIGITS ARE DIVISIBLE BY 8, OR NUMBER IS DIVISIBLE BY 2 THREE TIMES |
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Term
| Q. HOW MANY DIFF FACTORS DOES 9450 HAVE? |
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Definition
| WRITE PRIME FACTORIZATION IN EXPONENTIAL NOTATION, ADD 1 TO ALL THE EXPONENTS, AND MULTIPLY. SO, (1+1)(3+1)(2+1)(1+1) = 48 DIFF FACTORS. |
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Term
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Definition
| IF YOU ADD OR SUBTRACT TWO OR MORE MULTIPLES OF N, THE RESULT IS A MULTIPLE OF N. |
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Term
| Q. MULTIPLE + NON MULTIPLE |
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Definition
| IF YOU ADD A MULTIPLE OF N TO A NON-MULTIPLE, THE RESULT IS A NON MULTIPLE |
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Term
| Q. NON MULTIPLE + NON MULTIPLE |
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Definition
| IF YOU ADD TWO NON MULTIPLES, THE RESULT IS EITHER A MULTIPLE OR A NON MULTIPLE OF N |
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Term
| Q. STRATEGY - FACTOR OUT GCF |
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Definition
| TO MAKE EQUATION OR QUESTION MORE SIMPLE. 4^(A+1) = 4^A 4^1 |
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Term
| V.RC. GUESSING/ELIMINATION STRATEGY |
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Definition
-eliminate answer choices with limiting word
-diplomatic answers are usually correct |
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Term
| Q.DS. GUESSING/ELIMINATION STRATEGY |
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Definition
-use the grid
-you can usually eliminate one of the two stems, which will leave you with a 1/3 chance |
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Term
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Definition
| -use sentence splits to give you better odds of a correct answer |
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Term
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Definition
| APPLY REAL NUMBERS TO UNDERSTAND PARAGRAPH BETTER |
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