Term
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Definition
Impairment:
shoulder subluxation
effects of tone
developing contractors
foot drop
tight triple triad (hip flexors, hamstrings, heel-cord) |
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Term
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Definition
Intervention:
positioning
FES
taping
strength training
preserve ROM
serial casting
serial splinting (dynasplints) |
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Term
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Definition
Impairment:
decreased ROM
tight triple triad
contractures
postural deficits |
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Term
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Definition
Intervention:
flexibility exercises
ROM exercises
prone positioning
gentle bracing, splinting, casting |
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Term
| Impaired ROM & Integumentary |
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Definition
bilateral heel check
address longer term positioning needs (waffle boot, multipodus boot)
determined during bed mobility |
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Term
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Definition
ROM & level of bed mobility to order
pt. with decreased tone, foot drop
prevents rolling out |
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Term
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Definition
Impairment:
decreased muscle strength
effects tone
decreased endurance & fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
Intervention:
therapeutic exercises
short bouts of therapeutic exercise with monitoring for fatigue
stregthen large muscle groups to maximize compensation strategies |
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Term
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Definition
an increase in muscle contractility secondary to a neurologic lesion of the CNS or UMN system
spasticity & rigidity |
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Term
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Definition
velocity-dependent increase in resistance to passive stretch
the quicker the stretch, the stronger the resistance of the muscle
indicative of UMN damage
felt within the muscle on the side of the joint that is being stretched
modified Ashworth Scale used to objectively describe |
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Term
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Definition
increased uniform resistance that is present throughout the whole range of motion & is independent of velocity
non-velocity dependent resistance felt in both the agonist and antagonist muscles with PROM
characteristic of disorders within the extrapyramidal system |
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale for Grading Spasticity 0 |
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Definition
| no increase in muscle tone |
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale for Grading Spasticity 1 |
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Definition
| slight increase in muscle tone, detectable by a catch & release or by minimal resistance at the end range of flexion/extension |
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale for Grading Spasticity 1+ |
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Definition
| slight increase in muscle tone, detected by a catch, followed by minimal resistance throughout the remainder (less than 1/2) of the ROM. Affected parts are easily moved |
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale for Grading Spasticity 2 |
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Definition
| more marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM but affected musculature easily moved |
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale for Grading Spasticity 3 |
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Definition
| considerable increases in muscle tone, PROM difficult |
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale for Grading Spasticity 4 |
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Definition
| affected musculature in flexion or extension |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to constant hypertonia (increased tone) |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a "rachetlike" response to PROM in which tone increases and decreases |
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Term
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Definition
| a decrease in muscle contractility. includes flaccidity from a neurologic lesion of the LMN system ( or as in the early stage of SCI known as spinal shock) |
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Term
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Definition
diminished resistance to passive stretching and tendon reflexes
hypotonia or decreased/absent muscular tone
resistance to PROM is decreased causing limb to feel heavy/floppy
can be caused by UMN lesions affecting cerebellum or pyramidal tracts
may be temporary state following injury to CNS
may be secondary to a LMN lesion affecting the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
refers to a condition in which tone fluctuates unpredictably from low to high with sustained and twisting involuntary movements
results from central deficit and may be inherited (primary idiopathic dystonia)
related to neurodegenerative disorders such as PD or Wilson's disease or secondary to metabolic disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by disordered tone and involuntary movements involving large portions of the body resulting from a lesion in the basal ganglia |
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Term
| tone tips for decreased tone |
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Definition
position pt. in positions that preserves anatomical alignment
to facilitate muscle contractions:
1. quick stretch
2. light stroking
3. tapping the muscle belly
4. high intensity vibration
5. FES |
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Term
tone tips for increased tone
to reduce spasticity |
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Definition
| complete AAROM, PROM, and stretching with slow gradual motions |
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Term
tone tips for increased tone
to inhibit tone |
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Definition
1. apply deep pressure to muscle belly or tendons
2. prolonged ice
3. low intensity vibration
4.heat
5. maintained touch |
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Term
tone tips or increased tone
to reduce rigidity |
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Definition
1. gentle rocking
2. rhythmic stabilization
3. additional rotation component
4. position the pt. in side-lying (complete ROM in this position when possible) |
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Term
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Definition
| pt.'s ability to identify objects placed in his/her hand |
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Term
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Definition
| exameiner moves unaffected limb into a position and holds that position, examiner then asks the pt. to move affected side into same position |
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Term
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Definition
| examiner moved unaffected limb through a plane of motion and asks the pt. to copy this plane of motion on the affected side |
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Term
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Definition
| examiner touches various locations and asks the pt. to identify theses locations (dermatomes helpful) |
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