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Gnant Chem and Biochem Review
Excellent review for the chemistry and biochemistry test
60
Biology
10th Grade
10/18/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the charge on a proton?
Definition
Positive
Term
What are the three parts of an atom?
Definition
proton, neutron, electron
Term
What is the charge on an electron?
Definition
negative
Term
What is the charge on a neutron?
Definition
Neutral
Term
Which subatomic particle is the tiniest and lightest?
Definition
electron
Term
Which subatomic particles are the biggest and heaviest?
Definition
protons and neutrons
Term
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Definition
Atom
Term
What is a molecule?
Definition
Two or more atoms connected together
Term
What is an element?
Definition
A pure substance
Term
What is a compound?
Definition
Two or more elements combined
Term
What holds the atoms together in a molecule?
Definition
Bonds
Term
What is the term for a really, really, really big molecule?
Definition
macromolecule
Term
What makes up a water molecule?
Definition
two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
Term
What makes up a carbon dioxide molecule?
Definition
one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms
Term
What elements are in glucose?
Definition
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
Which is the biggest molecule: water, carbon dioxide, or glucose?
Definition
Glucose
Term
What are the four classes of biomolecules?
Definition
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
Term
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Definition
simple sugars/monosaccharides
Term
What are the monomers of proteins?
Definition
amino acids
Term
What are the monomers of lipids?
Definition
Glycerol and fatty acids
Term
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
Definition
nucleotides
Term
What is the science vocabulary word for a simple sugar?
Definition
monosaccharide
Term
What is the science vocabulary word for a string of amino acids?
Definition
polypeptide/protein
Term
What is a monomer?
Definition
A single piece of a macromolecule
Term
What is a polymer?
Definition
A string of monomers
Term
What is the name of the chemical reaction that puts monomers together?
Definition
dehydration synthesis
Term
What is the name of the chemical reaction that breaks polymers apart?
Definition
hydrolysis
Term
What are the two functions of carbohydrates?
Definition
structure and easy-access energy storage
Term
What are the two functions of lipids?
Definition
structure and long-term energy storage
Term
What are some of the functions of proteins? (There are 7 categories)
Definition
structure, storage, communication, transport, contraction, defense, enzymes
Term
What is the function of a nucleic acid?
Definition
Store and transmit genetic information
Term
Which class of biomolecule is the most diverse, in terms of function?
Definition
protein
Term
Which class of biomolecule stores the most energy?
Definition
lipids
Term
What is the scale on which we measure acids and bases?
Definition
pH
Term
What range of pH numbers represents acids?
Definition
0-7
Term
What range of pH numbers represents bases?
Definition
7-14
Term
What pH number represents a neutral substance?
Definition
7
Term
What type of substance is represented by a pH of between 0 and 7?
Definition
acid
Term
What type of substance is represented by a pH of between 7 and 14?
Definition
base
Term
What type of substance is represented by a pH of 7?
Definition
Neutral
Term
What is the only substance that will have a pH of exactly 7.0?
Definition
pure water
Term
What is the science word for the starting compounds in a chemical reaction?
Definition
reactants
Term
What is the science word for the ending compounds in a chemical reaction?
Definition
products
Term
What is the most important characteristic of a protein?
Definition
shape
Term
What is the job of an enzyme?
Definition
Speed up chemical reactions
Term
To what class of biomolecules do enzymes belong?
Definition
proteins
Term
What does a catalyst do?
Definition
Speeds up chemical reactions
Term
True or false: An enzyme is a type of catalyst
Definition
True
Term
True or false: All catalysts are enzymes.
Definition
False. Enzymes are organic (carbon based) catalysts. There are also some metals and non-organic molecules that are catalysts.
Term
What breaks or forms in chemical reactions?
Definition
bonds
Term
In what type of reaction is energy released?
Definition
exothermic
Term
In what type of reaction is energy absorbed?
Definition
endothermic
Term
True or false: Any enzyme can work on any chemical reaction.
Definition
False (enzymes are very specific)
Term
True or false: Enzymes are re-usable
Definition
True
Term
What is the science word for the reactants that an enzyme works on?
Definition
substrates
Term
True or false: If a chemical reaction will NOT happen on its own, an enzyme will make the reaction happe.
Definition
False
Term
DNA and RNA are examples of which class of biomolecules?
Definition
Nucleic acids
Term
Glucose and starch are examples of which class of biomolecules?
Definition
Carbohydrates
Term
Oils and waxes are examples of which type of biomolecules?
Definition
Lipids
Term
Which kind of fat has all of the hydrogen atoms it possibly can, and is therefore straight?
Definition
Saturated
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