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Goal 4.1.1 Lesson 3
Organic Compounds
14
Biology
10th Grade
02/13/2013

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Term
macromolecules
Definition
large molecules that living things need.
There are 4 of them.
Term
carbohydrates
Definition
Include sugars, starch, cellulose, and glycogen
composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio
Term
saccharide
Definition
means sugar
Term
monosaccharide
Definition
made up of a single simple sugar
building blocks of carbohydrates
ex: glucose, galactose, & fructose
Term
disaccharide
Definition
two simple sugars bonded together
ex: sucrose or table sugar
Term
polysaccharide
Definition
chains of monosaccharides
ex: glycogen and cellulose
Term
proteins
Definition
consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen & sulfur
building and binding materials
muscles
chemical reactions
Term
amino acid
Definition
building block of protein
Term
hormone
Definition
is a substance produced by a cell or gland in one part of the body that affects the function of cells or organs in other parts of the body
Term
enzyme
Definition
protein that enables or speeds chemical reactions in cells.
Term
lipids
Definition
They have more carbon-hydrogen bonds and fewer oxygen atoms than carbohydrates. They do not dissolve in water.
Term
nucleic acids
Definition
large complex molecules composed of smaller molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous.
information is passed from parent to offspring
ex: DNA and RNA
Term
nucleotide
Definition
building block of nucleic acid
Term
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
Definition
building blocks of lipids
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