Term
| 3 Types of lipid molecules that makes up the cell membrane & percentages |
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Definition
Phospholipids (75%)
Cholesterols (20%)
Glycoproteins (5%) |
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Term
| Cell membrane proteins can act as ____, _____, and _____. |
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Definition
| channels, transporters, receptors |
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Term
| Allows specific substance to move through water-filled pore. |
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Definition
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Term
| Allows specific substance across membrane by changing shapes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Recognizes specific ligands and alters cell function in some way. |
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Definition
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Term
| Integral proteins are also called ____ proteins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are integral and peripheral proteins found. |
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Definition
integral - Embedded 1/2 way or troughout entire cell membrane
Peripheral- intercellular or extracellular |
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Term
| LIST THE 3 TYPES OF PASSIVE DIFFUSION POSSIBLE. |
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Definition
1. Through lipid bilayer
2. Through a channel
3. facilitated |
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Term
| The bilayer is permeable to ____? |
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Definition
Small hydrophobic molecules
Small uncharged polar molecules |
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Term
| The bilayer is impermeable to ____? |
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Definition
Ions
Large polar molecules |
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Term
| List some nonpolar hydrophobic molecules |
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Definition
| oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, fatty acids, steroids, small alcohols, ammonia and fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, D and K) |
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Term
| Which is faster diffusion through the membrane or through a membrane channel? |
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Definition
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Term
| Channel that are open all the time |
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Definition
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Term
| Facilitated diffusion occurs down concentration gradient ONLY if |
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Definition
| no concentration difference exists, no net movement across membrane occurs |
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Term
| In facilitated diffusion the rate of movement depends on |
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Definition
steepness of concentration gradient
number of transporter proteins (transport maximum) |
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Term
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Definition
| Net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration |
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Term
| transmembrane proteins that function as water channels |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| water concentration the same inside & outside of cell results in no net movement of water across cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| higher concentration of water outside of cell results in hemolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| lower concentration of water outside of cell causes crenation |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of polar or charged substances against their concentration gradient |
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Term
| Properties of Carrier Proteins |
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Definition
-specific binding site for solute
-conformational change
-transport rate:102-104/s (slow!) |
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Term
| Properties of Channel Proteins |
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Definition
-selective in respect to size and charge
-when open, ions and H2O can slip through
-transport rate: 107/s (fast!) |
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Term
| Properties of Channel Proteins |
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Definition
-selective in respect to size and charge
-when open, ions and H2O can slip through
-transport rate: 107/s (fast!) |
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Term
| Movement of polar or charged substances against their concentration gradient |
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Definition
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Term
| Sources of energy for active transport. |
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Definition
1. energy from hydrolysis of ATP (primary active transport)
2. energy stored in an ionic concentration gradient (secondary active transport) |
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Term
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Definition
| energy from hydrolysis of ATP |
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Term
| secondary active transport |
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Definition
| energy stored in an ionic concentration gradient |
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Term
| Which type of transport exhibits transport maximums and saturation? |
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Definition
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Term
| maintains low concentration of Na+ and a high concentration of K+ in the cytosol |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ Na+ ions removed from cell as ____ K+ ions brought into cell |
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Definition
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Term
| more of the weak acid drug will be in the lipid soluble form at _____ pH |
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Definition
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Term
| more of the weak base drug will be in the lipid soluble form at _____ pH |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Lipid Diffusion
Aqueous Diffusion
Carrier Molecule
Endocytosis and Exocytosis |
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Term
| Smallest concentration that will elicit a physiological response. |
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Definition
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Term
| How strong/effective a drug is at eliciting a physiological response. |
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Definition
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Term
| Class of Hydromorphine, morphine and codeine |
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Definition
| opioid/narcotic analgesics |
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Term
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Definition
| NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) |
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Term
| Shape of dose response curve |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
TI =TD50/ED50
TD= Toxic Dose (also LD50 = Lethal Dose)
ED= Effective Dose |
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Term
| TD= Toxic Dose (also LD50 = Lethal Dose) |
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Definition
| Dose that will cause 50% of animals to die |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes a physiological response when binds to a particular receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to a receptor and inhibits agonist from causing a physiological response by blocking its receptor site |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of Antagonists? |
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Definition
| Competitive and Noncompetitive |
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Term
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Definition
| Competes with agonist for receptor sites (if antagonist>agonist ED50 is increased) |
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Term
| Noncompetitive antagonist |
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Definition
| Has 2 or more possible receptor sites; May NOT bind to the same receptor site as agonist (Will never reach MAXIMUM response) |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves two drugs that act in two distinct manners but interact in such a way that they reduce each other's effectiveness in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to two agents who outcome equals the sum of the two individual effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the situation in which the combination of two drugs produces effects that are greater than the sum of their individual effects. |
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Term
| Sensitization (reverse tolerance) |
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Definition
| The enhancement of particular drug effects following repeated administration of the same dose of drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion of drugs |
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Term
| Process by which a drug passes from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream |
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Definition
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Term
| 7 factors affecting absorption |
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Definition
1. Route of Administration
2. Drug Solubility
3. pH
4. Blood Flow to the Site of Administration
5. Nature of the Absorbing Surface Through Which the Drug Must Traverse
6. Drug Concentration
7. Dosage Form of the Drug |
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Term
| Drug absorption in this route is usually unreliable, unpredictable, and slow |
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Definition
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