Term
Red Book, Ch. 10, Sec. 1 (1 of 9)
Magma |
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Definition
| melted rock material found beneath Earth's surface. (Red book, Review word p. 288) |
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Term
Red Book, Ch. 10, Sec. 1 (2 of 9)
Inner core |
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Definition
| solid, innermost layer of Earth’s interior that is the hottest part of Earth and experiences the greatest amount of pressure. (Red Book, p. 289) |
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Term
Red Book, Ch. 10, Sec. 1 (3 of 9)
Outer core |
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Definition
| the layer of Earth that lies above the inner core and is thought to be composed mostly of molten metal. (Red Book, p. 290) |
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Term
Red Book, Ch. 10, Sec. 1 (4 of 9)
Mantle |
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Definition
| the largest layer of Earth’s interior that lies above the outer core and is solid yet flows slowly. (Red Book, p. 290) |
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Term
Red Book, Ch. 10, Sec. 1 (5 of 9)
Crust |
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Definition
| Earth’s outermost layer that is the thinnest under the oceans and thickest through the mountains and contains all features of Earth’s surface. (Red Book, p. 290) |
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Term
Red Book, Ch. 10, Sec. 1 (6 of 9)
Lithosphere |
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Definition
| the rigid layer of Earth about 100 km thick, made of the crust and part of the upper mantle. (Red Book, p. 292) |
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Term
Red Book, Ch. 10, Sec. 1 (7 of 9)
Plate |
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Definition
| a section of Earth’s crust and rigid, upper mantle that moves slowly around on the asthenosphere. (Red Book, p. 292 |
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Term
Red Book, Ch. 10, Sec. 1 (8 of 9)
Fault |
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Definition
| a large fracture in rock along which movement occurs. (Red Book, p. 293) |
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Term
Red Book, Ch. 10, Sec. 1 (9 of 9)
Subduction |
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Definition
| a type of plate movement that occurs when one plate sinks beneath another plate. (p. 295) |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 1 (1 of 10)
Energy |
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Definition
| the ability to cause change (Review word, Blue book, Ch. 8 Sec. 1) |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 1 (2 of 10)
Earthquake |
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Definition
| movement of the ground that occurs when rocks inside Earth pass their elastic limit, break suddenly, and experience elastic rebound. (Blue book, p. 210) |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 1 (3 of 10)
Fault |
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Definition
| fracture that occurs when rocks break and that results in relative movement of opposing sides; can form as a result of compression (reverse fault), tension (normal fault), or shearing (strike slip fault) (Blue book, p. 211 |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 1 (4 of 10)
Seismic wave |
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Definition
| earthquake waves, including primary, secondary, and surface waves. (Blue book, p. 212 |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 1 (5 of 10)
Focus |
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Definition
| the point deep inside Earth where energy is released, causing an earthquake. (Blue book, p. 212) |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 1 (6 of 10)
Epicenter |
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Definition
| the point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus. (Blue book, p. 212) |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 1 (7 of 10)
Seismograph |
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Definition
| an instrument used to record seismic waves. (Blue book, p. 213) |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 1 (8 of 10)
Magnitude |
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Definition
| a measure of energy released by an earthquake. (Blue book, p.213) |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 1 (9 of 10)
Tsunami |
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Definition
| a powerful seismic sea wave that begins over an ocean-floor earthquake, can reach 30 m in height when approaching land, and can cause destruction in coastal areas. (Blue book, p. 215) |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 1 (10 of 10)
Seismic safe |
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Definition
| describes the ability of structures to stand up against vibrations caused by earthquakes. (Blue book, p. 217) |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 2 (1/6)
Plate |
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Definition
| a large section of Earth’s crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the asthenosphere. (Blue book, Review word, p. 219) |
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Term
Blue Book Ch. 8, Sec. 2 (2/6)
Volcano |
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Definition
| cone-shaped hill or mountain formed when hot magma, solids, and gas erupt onto Earth’s surface through a vent. (Blue book, p. 219) |
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Term
Blue Book Ch. 8, Sec. 2 (3/6)
Lava |
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Definition
| molten rock flowing onto Earth’s surface. (Blue book, p. 219) |
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Term
Blue Book, Ch. 8, Sec. 2 (4/6)
Shield volcano |
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Definition
| a large, broad volcano with gently sloping sides that is formed by the buildup of basaltic layers. (Blue book, p. 222 |
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Term
Blue Book Ch. 8, Sec. 2 (5/6)
Cinder cone volcano |
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Definition
| a relatively small volcano formed by moderate to explosive eruptions of tephra (tephra is solid material ejected into the air during a volcanic eruption, especially ash). (Blue book, p. 222) |
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Term
Blue Book Ch. 8, Sec. 2 (6/6)
Composite volcano |
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Definition
| 6. Composite volcano – a steep-sided volcano formed from alternating layers of violent eruptions of tephra and quieter eruptions of lava. (Blue book, p. 223) |
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