Hip Flexion

Testing Position  -  Supine

Normal range  -   100ama 120 aaos

Normal end feel  -   soft

Stabilization required -  pelvis

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  greater trochanter

    Proximal arm -  midline of pelvis

    Distal arm -   midline of femur

Testing Position  -  Prone  no pillows  knee extended

Normal range  -   20 30

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  pelvis

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  greater trochanter

    Proximal arm -  midline of pelvis

    Distal arm -   midline of femur

Testing Position  -  Supine

Normal range  -   40

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  pelvis

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  ASIS of side being measured

    Proximal arm -  imaginary line between ASIS's

    Distal arm -   midline of femur

Testing Position  -  Supine

Normal range  -   20

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  pelvis

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  asis of side being measured

    Proximal arm -  imaginary line between asis's

    Distal arm -   midline of femur

Testing Position  -  sitting

Normal range  -   40  45

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  distal end of femur

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  anterior patella

    Proximal arm -  perpendicular to the floor

    Distal arm -   midline of tibia

Testing Position  -  sitting

Normal range  -   40  45

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  distal end of femur

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  anterior patella

    Proximal arm -  perpendicular to the floor

    Distal arm -   midline of tibia

Testing Position  -  Supine

Normal range  -   150

Normal end feel  -   soft

Stabilization required -  femur

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  lat epicondyle of femur

    Proximal arm -  midline of femur

    Distal arm -   midline of fibula

Testing Position  -  supine

Normal range  -   0

Normal end feel  -   hard

Stabilization required - 

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum - 

    Proximal arm - 

    Distal arm -  

Testing Position  -  Sitting

Normal range  -   20

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  tib fib

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  lateral malleolus

    Proximal arm -  midline of fibula

    Distal arm -   PARALLEL to the fifth meta tarsal.

Testing Position  -  sitting

Normal range  -   40  50

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  tib fib

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  lateral malleolus

    Proximal arm -  midline of fibula

    Distal arm -   parallel to 5th metatarsal

Testing Position  -  sitting  alternate supine

Normal range  -   30    35

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  tib fib

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  anterior ankle midway between mallioli

    Proximal arm -  midline of lower leg use tibial tuberosity as landmark

    Distal arm -   midline of 2nd metatarsal

Testing Position  -  sitting  alternate supine

Normal range  -   11   12

Normal end feel  -   hard or firm

Stabilization required -  tib fib

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  anterior ankle midway between mallioli

    Proximal arm -  midline of lower leg use tibial tuberosity as landmark

    Distal arm -   midline of 2nd metatarsal

Testing Position  -  prone foot over edge of plinth

Normal range  -   5

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  tib fib

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  posterior ankle between the malleoli

    Proximal arm -  midline lower leg

    Distal arm -   mid line of calcaneus

Testing Position  -  prone foot over edge of plinth

Normal range  -   5

Normal end feel  -   firm may be hard

Stabilization required -  tib fib

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  posterior ankle between the malleoli

    Proximal arm -  midline lower leg

    Distal arm -   mid line of calcaneus

Testing Position  -  Sitting alternate supine

Normal range  -   35

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  calcaneus to prevent dorsiflexion and inversion of subtalar joint

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  anterior ankle between the mallioli

    Proximal arm -  midline of lower leg  tibial tuberosity

    Distal arm -   midline of 2nd metatarsal

Testing Position  -  Sitting alternate supine

Normal range  -   15  21

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  calcaneus and talus to prevent plantar flexion

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  anterior ankle between the mallioli

    Proximal arm -  midline of lower leg  tibial tuberosity

    Distal arm -   midline of 2nd metatarsal

Testing Position  -  Supine or sitting

Normal range  -   30   45

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  metatarsal

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  dorsal MTP

    Proximal arm -  dorsal midline of  metatarsal

    Distal arm -   midline of proximal phalanx

Testing Position  -  Supine or sitting

Normal range  -   50   70

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  metatarsal

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  dorsal MTP

    Proximal arm -  dorsal midline of  metatarsal

    Distal arm -   midline of proximal phalanx

Testing Position  -  supine or sitting

Normal range  -   ?

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  metatarsal

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  dorsal MTP joint

    Proximal arm -  dorsal midline of meatatarsal

    Distal arm -   dorsal midline of proximal phalanx

Testing Position  -  supine or sitting

Normal range  -   ?

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  metatarsal

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  dorsal MTP joint

    Proximal arm -  dorsal midline of meatatarsal

    Distal arm -   dorsal midline of proximal phalanx

Testing Position  -  supine or sitting

Normal range  -   30  90

Normal end feel  -   soft or firm

Stabilization required -  metatarsal

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  dorsal IP joint

    Proximal arm -  midline of proximal phalanx

    Distal arm -   midline of phalanx distal

Testing Position  -  usualy not measured as it is the return from flexion

Normal range  -   0

Normal end feel  -  

Stabilization required - 

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum - 

    Proximal arm - 

    Distal arm -  

Testing Position  -  supine or sitting

Normal range  -   0   30

Normal end feel  -   firm

Stabilization required -  metatarsal and proximal and middle phalanx

Goniometer alignment - 

    Fulcrum -  dorsal DIP joint

    Proximal arm -  dorsal midline of mid phalanx

    Distal arm -   dorsal midline of the distal phalanx