Term
| What are two unique features of the equine scapula? |
|
Definition
1. Tuberosity of the scapular spine
2. No acromion! |
|
|
Term
| What are three unique features of the equine Humerus? |
|
Definition
No suptratrochlear or supracondyler foramen
intermediate tubercle
bicipital groove |
|
|
Term
| What are the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint? |
|
Definition
Glenoid cavity of the scapula
head of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What tendon acts as the medial collateral ligament? |
|
Definition
| Tendon of the subscapularis muscle |
|
|
Term
| What tendon acts as the lateral collateral ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Injection site for the shoulder joint? |
|
Definition
Notch b/w cranial and caudal parts of greater tubercle
Parallel to ground,
caudally,
aim toward opposite elbow |
|
|
Term
| Extensors of the shoulder joint |
|
Definition
Supraspinatus
Biceps brachii
Brachiocephalicus |
|
|
Term
| Flexors of the shoulder joint (7) |
|
Definition
Infraspinatus
deltoideus
teres minor
subscapularis
teres major
Coracobrachialis
Tricpes brachii-long head |
|
|
Term
| What nerve runs proximal to the teres major muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve runs distal to the teres major muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Axillary Artery gives off the ___ and continues as the _______ |
|
Definition
Crainal circumflex humeral artery
Brachial artery |
|
|
Term
| The brachial artery gives off the ______ and continues as the _________ |
|
Definition
Common interosseous artery
Median artery |
|
|
Term
| The Median artery gives off the _____ and continues as the ________ |
|
Definition
Lateral palmar artery
Medial palmar artery
(Palmar common digital artery II) |
|
|
Term
| Deep venous system is formed by what? |
|
Definition
| Tributaries of the axillary vein |
|
|
Term
| Superficial venous system is formed by |
|
Definition
Cephalic vein (joins ext. jugular at base of neck)
Accessory cephalic vein (Joins cephalic vein at the elbow) |
|
|
Term
| What is the connection between the cephalic vein and brachial vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vein is missing in the horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What spinal nerves form the brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
| Ventral branches of C6, C7, C8, T1, T2 |
|
|
Term
| What muscle does the long thoracic nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle does the lateral thoracic nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles does the cranial pectoral nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
| Superficial pecs, subclavius |
|
|
Term
| What muscle does the caudal pectoral nerve innervate |
|
Definition
deep pectoral muscle
(pectoralis ascendens) |
|
|
Term
| Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle, liable to injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suprascapular paralysis clinically known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervates the subscapular muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Forms axillary loop of ansa axillaris with Median nerve
Descends with median nerve in same sheath
Innervates biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
skin |
|
|
Term
Axillary loop with musculocutaneous nerve
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the median nerve gives off what two nerves proximal to the carpus |
|
Definition
| Medial and lateral palmar nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervates teres major and subscapularis
innervates deltoideus and cleidobrachialis
skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
descends between axillary artery and vein
accompanied by radial nerve
Medial aspect of arm
|
|
|
Term
| What nerve does the ulnar nerve give rise to? |
|
Definition
| Caudal cutaneous antebrachial nerve |
|
|
Term
| Largest nerve of the brachial plexus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the radial nerve split into, and where? |
|
Definition
Proximal to the elbow,
Superficial branch (innervates the skin)
Deep branch (innervates extensor muscles) |
|
|
Term
| Injury of the radial nerve that is more severe? |
|
Definition
| Proximal to the tricipital branch |
|
|
Term
| Less sever radial nerve injury |
|
Definition
| Distal to the tricipital branch |
|
|
Term
| What is the terminal lymph node of the equine forelimb? |
|
Definition
| No single terminal lymph node! |
|
|
Term
| Superficial cervical lymph nodes recieve lymph from: |
|
Definition
Superficial and proximal part of forelimb
Caudal portion of head
Bones of thoracic limb except the ulna |
|
|
Term
| Where does lymph from the rest of the limb drain to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the axillary ln located? |
|
Definition
| caudal to the shoulder joint, where axillary artery bifurcates to subscapular and brachial arteries |
|
|
Term
| What drains to the axillary ln |
|
Definition
| muscles of shoulder, arm, elbow, from the cubital ln, and from the skin on the lateral side of shoulder and arm |
|
|
Term
| Where does lymph drain from axillary ln? |
|
Definition
| into caudal deep cervical LN |
|
|
Term
| Where is the cubital ln located? |
|
Definition
| Medial side, just proximal to the elbow joint |
|
|
Term
| What drains to the cubital ln? |
|
Definition
| skin, muscles, joints, bones, distal to the location of the ln |
|
|
Term
| where does lymph from the cubital ln drain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is unique about the equine forelimb? |
|
Definition
| Ulna partially fused with radius! |
|
|
Term
| Grooves of tendons medial to lateral |
|
Definition
Extensor carpi obliquus
extensor carpi radialis
common digital extensor
lateral digital extensor |
|
|
Term
| Articular surfaces of the elbow joint? |
|
Definition
Trochlear surface of humerus and capitulum
trochlearn notch of the ulna
radial head |
|
|
Term
| Ligaments of the elbow joint? |
|
Definition
Lateral collateral
(Lateral epicondyle of humerus and lateral tuberosity of radius)
Medial collateral
(medial epicondyle of humerus and medial border of radius) |
|
|
Term
| Injection site for the elbow joint |
|
Definition
between the distal end of the deltoid tuberosity and the olecranon tuber
Insert into olecranon fossa in a distomedial direction |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about the triceps brachii in the horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the extensor muscles? |
|
Definition
Triceps (long, lateral, medial)
Tensor fascia antebrachii
anconeus |
|
|
Term
| What are the flexors of the forearm? |
|
Definition
Brachialis
biceps brachii |
|
|
Term
| What are two unique structures in the biceps brachii? |
|
Definition
Bicipital bursa (facilitates tendon of origin in the bicipital groove)
Lacertus fibrosis
(Joins tendon of Ext. carpi radialis M) |
|
|
Term
| Injection site for the bicipital bursa |
|
Definition
slightly above the level of the deltoid tuberosity
proximally under/ paralleling biceps brachii muscle |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about the equine carpal bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three carpal joints? |
|
Definition
Antebrachiocarpal joint
Middle carpal joint
carpometacarpal joint |
|
|
Term
| What are the two ligaments for the carpal joint? |
|
Definition
| Lateral and medial collateral ligaments |
|
|
Term
| What are the insertions of the lateral collateral ligament? |
|
Definition
Superficial- MC4
Deep- ulnar carpal bone and MC4 |
|
|
Term
| What are the insertions of the medial collateral ligament? |
|
Definition
Superficial- MC2 and MC3
Deep- intermediate carpal bone and MC2 and MC3 |
|
|
Term
| The carpal canal is formed superfically by the _____ and deeply by the ______ |
|
Definition
Superficially-flexor retinaculum (supeficial and deep layers)
Deep (palmar carpal ligament) |
|
|
Term
| What does the carpal canal contain? (5) |
|
Definition
Flexor carpi radialis tendon
SDF and DDF tendon (common synovial sheath)
Radial artery
medial and lateral palmar arteries
medial and lateral palmar nerves |
|
|
Term
| Injection site for radio carpal joint |
|
Definition
b/w distal edge of the radius and proximal edge of radial carpal bone
medial to edge of tendon of extensor carpi radialis |
|
|
Term
| Injection site for the middle carpal joint |
|
Definition
b/w distal edge of the radial carpal bone, and medial aspect of the proximal edge of the third carpal bone
medial to tendon of extensor carpi radialis |
|
|
Term
| Extensors fo the carpal joint |
|
Definition
Extensor carpi radialis
extensor carpi obliquus
extensor carpi ulnaris (ulnaris lateralis) |
|
|
Term
| What does the tendon of the extensor carpi radialis pass through? |
|
Definition
| middle groove of the radius |
|
|
Term
| What is the tendon of the extensor carpi radialis joined with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is unique about unlaris lateralis? |
|
Definition
| long tendon enveloped by a synovial sheath |
|
|
Term
| What are the flexors of the carpus? |
|
Definition
Flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris |
|
|
Term
| the medial palmar atery splits into? |
|
Definition
| medial and lateral palmar digital arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Two terminal branches:
dorsal branch= skin
Palmar branch unites with lateral palmar nerve from the median nerve |
|
|
Term
| Injection site for the fetlock joint: |
|
Definition
Palmar approach
between MC3, lateral proximal sesamoid bone, suspensory ligament, distal end of MC4
Slightly downward angle nto palmar pouch |
|
|
Term
| The joint capsule for the phalangeal joints has two parts |
|
Definition
Dorsal pouch (between cannon and digital extensor tendons)
Palmar pouch (between cannon and suspensory ligament |
|
|
Term
What ligaments are in the phalangeal joint?
|
|
Definition
Medial/lateral collateral ligaments
Sesamoidean ligaments |
|
|
Term
| What are the proximal ligaments of the proximal sesamoid bones? |
|
Definition
Suspensory ligament
Metacarpo-intersesamoidean ligament |
|
|
Term
| What are the middle ligaments of the proximal sesamoid bones? |
|
Definition
Collateral sesamoidean ligaments
intersesamoidean ligament (or palmar ligament) |
|
|
Term
| What are the superficial distal ligaments of the proximal sesamoid bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the deep distal ligaments of the proximal sesamoid bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint? |
|
Definition
Collateral
axial/abaxial palmar ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Injection site for pastern joint? |
|
Definition
| Caudal border of the lateral eminence of the distal aspect of the proximal phalnx, and the lateral branch of the SDF tendon |
|
|
Term
| Coffin joint capsule has two parts |
|
Definition
Dorsal pouch- under common digital extensor tendon
Palmar pouch- under deep digital flexor tendon |
|
|
Term
| Ligaments of the coffin joint |
|
Definition
| medial and lateral collateral |
|
|
Term
| Ligaments of the distal sesamoid bone |
|
Definition
collateral
impar distal
t-ligament |
|
|
Term
| Injection site for coffin joint |
|
Definition
| proximal edge of the lateral cartilage of the distal phalanx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Common digital extensor
lateral digital extensor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Supeficial digital flexor
deep digital flexor |
|
|
Term
| Proximal check ligament fuses with? |
|
Definition
| Superficial digital flexor |
|
|
Term
| the carpal synovial sheath is common between what muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superficial digital flexor forms what at the fetlock for the DDF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two ligaments surround the muscle tendon? |
|
Definition
Palmar annular ligament
proximal digital annular ligament |
|
|
Term
| What are the heads of the DDF? |
|
Definition
| humoral, radial, and ulnar |
|
|
Term
| The distal check ligament fuses with what muscle tendon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The navicular bursa lies between? |
|
Definition
| the tendon of the DDF and the navicular bone |
|
|
Term
| What extra ligament holds the deep digital flexor? |
|
Definition
| distal digital annular ligament |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary movements of the shoulder joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the shoulder joint capsule blend with? |
|
Definition
| tendons of the subscapular muscle |
|
|
Term
| The lateral colalteral ligament of the elbow is (short/long) and has ____ parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The medial collateral ligament has ____ parts |
|
Definition
two!
Long, cranial
short caudal |
|
|
Term
| The middle carpal joint communicates with what joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is found in the superficial compartment of the carpal canal? |
|
Definition
| Radial artery, Flexor carpi radialis, lateral palmar artery, lateral palmar nerve |
|
|
Term
| Wha tis found in the deep compartment of the carpal canal? |
|
Definition
| SDF, DDF, medial palmar artery, medial palmar nerve |
|
|
Term
| What does the T ligament connect? |
|
Definition
distal sesamoid bone to second phalanx
DDF tendon to three synovial structures |
|
|
Term
| What are the three synovial structures the T ligament connects to? |
|
Definition
| Coffin joint capsule, navicular bursa, tendon sheath of DDF |
|
|
