Term
1st morning voided specimen is best for evaluating what? |
|
Definition
PUC - Protein - USG (urine specific gravity) - Culture |
|
|
Term
24 hour urine is best for evaluating what? |
|
Definition
OMG - Output - Metabolites - GFR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4.5-8.0 (usually more acidic 5.5-6.5) |
|
|
Term
what causes urine to be more acidic? |
|
Definition
protein and acidic fruits |
|
|
Term
what causes urine to be more basic: |
|
Definition
citrate foods increase pH |
|
|
Term
alkaline urine may indicate what pathologically: |
|
Definition
- urea splitting organism with UTI - staghorn calculi |
|
|
Term
acidic urine may mean what pahtologically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal urinary proteins inlcude: |
|
Definition
ASP - albumin - serum globulins - proteins secreted by the nephrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
30-150mg protein/day
early sign of renal disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- urinary excretion of > 150 mg protein/day (10-20mg/dL) |
|
|
Term
Trace protein on dipstick: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1+ proteinuria on dipstick: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2+ proteinuria on dipstick: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3+ Proteinuria on dipstick: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
4+ proteinuria on dipstick: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ways to evaluate persistent Proteinuria: |
|
Definition
24SPAM: - 24 hour urine - Spot urinary protein: Cr ratio - Assessment of renal function - Microscopic exam of sediment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- DM - Cushing's syndrome - Liver disease - Pancreatic disease - Fanconi's syndrome |
|
|
Term
After finding blood on dipstick, what do you do next? |
|
Definition
microscopic analysis to confirm its blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
greater than or equal to 3 RBCs/HPF in 2 of 3 urine samples
KNOW THIS |
|
|
Term
Leukocyte esterase is made by ___. Its presence indicates there are ___ ___. |
|
Definition
- neutrophils - 10-12 WBCs/HPF of centrifuged specimen
(wait 5 min for reagent strip to change color) |
|
|
Term
positive nitrite test means : |
|
Definition
greater than 100,000 bacteria/mL |
|
|
Term
negative nitrites does not rule out UTI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reasons for false positive nitrite test; |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reasons for false negative nitrite test: |
|
Definition
low nitrite diet infxn with bacteria that do not reduce nitrate |
|
|
Term
only conjugated bilirubin in urine. Causes of excess bilirubin: |
|
Definition
RBC destruction liver disease bile duct obstruction |
|
|
Term
Urinobilogen is intestingal break down from conjugated bilirubin. Small is normal, may be elevated though b/c of: |
|
Definition
hemolysis hepatocellular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
men < 2 WBC/HPF women < 5 WBC/HPF |
|
|
Term
refractile square envelope: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
yellow orange brown diamond/barrel crystals: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
colorless coffin lid crystals: |
|
Definition
triple phosphate crystlas |
|
|
Term
colorless hexagonal crystals: |
|
Definition
crystine hyaline crystals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5 bacteria/HPF, represents 100,000 CFU/mL |
|
|
Term
____ CFU/ml suggest UTI in a symptomatic patient. |
|
Definition
|
|