Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| blood is made up of what 4 components? |
|
Definition
| cells, plasma, proteins, clotting factors |
|
|
Term
| the proteins in the blood include what? |
|
Definition
| immunogloblins, complement and tranport (albumin for drugs, transferrin and others) |
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|
Term
| Anemia is what? caused by what? |
|
Definition
| Decrease haemoglobin. cuased by blood loss, decreased production or increased RBC destruction |
|
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Term
| what is the range of symtoms seens in anaemia? |
|
Definition
| fatigue and pallor, to tachycardioa and dyspnoea, to CCF and shock |
|
|
Term
| what are thc clinical manifestations of anaemia caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of anaemia a representation of |
|
Definition
| cardiorespiratory compensatory mechas |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 4 types of anaemia? |
|
Definition
| 1. microcytic, macrocytic, normocytic, reticulocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Microcytic anaemia is caused by what? |
|
Definition
decreased haem or globin synthesis by - Fe (iron) deficiency,
- thalassaemia,
- anaemia of chronic disease
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|
|
Term
| macrocytic anaemia is a deficit in what? amd caused by what? |
|
Definition
| deficit in DNA synthesis, and is caused by decreased B12, or folate, cytotoxic |
|
|
Term
| what is reticulocytosis caused by |
|
Definition
| haemolyis, bleeding, B12/Fe treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intestinal mucosal cells in duodenum and upper jejunum |
|
|
Term
| what % of iron is absorbed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what proetin transport iron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after iron is bound to transferrin what happens? |
|
Definition
| it is stored as ferritin or utilised by erythroblasts |
|
|
Term
| In hypochromic microcytic anaemia what is is increased? |
|
Definition
| total iron binding capacity |
|
|
Term
| what improves bioavailability of Fe2+ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FE2+ is acquired from what? and its absorbption is reduced by what |
|
Definition
| veggies... phylates, tannin, bran |
|
|
Term
| iron deficiency anaemia can be caused by what? |
|
Definition
| blood loss or decrease absorption |
|
|
Term
what of the following are not signs of iron deficiency anaemia? - glossitis
- alopecia
- joint pain
- Koilonychia
- angular stomatitis
- nail clubbing
|
|
Definition
| joint pain, alopecia, nail clubbing |
|
|
Term
| what investigation is warranted in iron deficiency anaemia? |
|
Definition
| endoscopy to see where is the blood loss |
|
|
Term
| a rare disorder where RBC production is impaired by disordered Fe metabolism is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an erthroblast with Fe granules in cytosplasm |
|
|
Term
| hereditary sideroblastic anaemia is characterised by |
|
Definition
| being sex linked, benign and unresponsive to Fe |
|
|
Term
| although siderblastic anaeamia is often idiopathic in elderly what are other causes? |
|
Definition
| inflammatory disease. ,malignant disease. pernicious anaemia, myxodema, drugs |
|
|
Term
| what is the mechanism of anaemia of chronic disease? |
|
Definition
| mild ineffective erythropoiesis, reduced erthopoietin production, suboptimal erthropoietic response and decreased RBC survival |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment of chronic disease anaemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is a treatment for anaemia of chronic orgin? iron, B12, folic acid? |
|
Definition
| none of these haematinics are of value |
|
|
Term
| what is the normal arrangement of adult Hb? |
|
Definition
| 2 alpha and 2 beta globin chains |
|
|
Term
| what is the normal arrangement of fetal Hb |
|
Definition
| 2 alpha and 2 gamma globins chains |
|
|
Term
| sickle cell anaemia is characterised by what HB type |
|
Definition
| 2 alpha and 2 abnormal beta globin chains |
|
|
Term
| sideroblastic anaemia is one of the most common types of anaemia? t or f |
|
Definition
| it is rare so false you crazy little diamond! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HETEROZYGOTES protect from malaria |
|
|
Term
| being HbS -HbS results in what |
|
Definition
| sickle cell anaemia, with haemolyis, and infarcts |
|
|
Term
| B thalassaemia is a deficiency of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what % of aussie are carriers of gene for B thalassaemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if you are B thalassaemia heterozygote what happens |
|
Definition
| mild hypochromic microcytic anaemia |
|
|
Term
| what are the outcomes of getting B thalassaemia with homozygote |
|
Definition
| serious disease (present infancy), severly anaemia, which are pron to infection, thos who survive develop hepatosplenomegaly, with frontal bossing o skull and brittle overgrwoth of long bones |
|
|
Term
| what is the Rx of beta thalassaemia |
|
Definition
| transfusions, and prevention of hameosiderosis with desferrioxamine |
|
|
Term
| how many genes and location of coding for alpha chain synthesis |
|
Definition
| 4 alpha genes (2 on each chromsome 16) |
|
|
Term
| how many genes are associated with Beta chain sythesis |
|
Definition
| 2, ith one on each chromosome 11 |
|
|
Term
| what will 3 normal alpha coding genese result in? |
|
Definition
| a silent symtomless carrier (1:10) |
|
|
Term
| 2 normal genes of alpha thalassaemia results in what |
|
Definition
| the alpha thalassaemia trait, which is a symtomless condition that is confused for Fe deficiency anaemia |
|
|
Term
| if you have 1 noraml gene in alpha thalassamia what outcome |
|
Definition
| get Haemoglobin H disaes, life long anaemia of mild to moderate degree, which requires periodic blood transfusions |
|
|
Term
| Haemoglobin barts hydrops fetalis is what and caused by what |
|
Definition
| sever fatal stillbirth, caused by having no alpha genes and thus alpha thalassaemia |
|
|
Term
| Normochromic anaemia is caused by what |
|
Definition
| decreased bone marrow production |
|
|
Term
| megaloblasts are what, and caused by |
|
Definition
| abnormally large RBC, caused by decrease dna sythesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meat, legumes, animal products (so vegans a prob) |
|
|
Term
| discusss the absorption fo B12 |
|
Definition
| absorbed in terminal illem, whihc is facilkitated by gastric instrinsic factor, which is secreted by pareiental cells of stomach |
|
|
Term
| what are 4 casues of Vitamin b12 deficiency |
|
Definition
| diet, intrisinc factor deficiency, terminal ileum disease, bacterial colonisation of small intestine |
|
|
Term
| what will be presenting complain prob to a podiatrist with vitamin b12 deficiency |
|
Definition
| pain and soreness or numbness of feet when walking with peripheral nueoropathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 common drugs can cause folate deficiency |
|
Definition
| methotrexate and pyrimethamine |
|
|
Term
what is wrong with this sentence...
"purpura simplex is a rare, usually male disorder with increased bruising and increased vascular fragility, where test may be abnormal |
|
Definition
| common, usually femal, test normal |
|
|
Term
| thrombocytopaenia is characterised by what |
|
Definition
| lack of platelts due to short time of platelet survvival |
|
|
Term
| idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura is caused by what |
|
Definition
| presence of auto Ab ofetn directed against membran glycoprotein IIb-IIa leads to destruction of platelts by macrophage moncyte system..... occassionaly Ag-Ab immune complexes addhere tro the platels at Fc receptor and this leads to premature removal |
|
|
Term
| is von willebrand disease autosomal dom or recesssive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what % of patients with von willebrand dz will have increase APTT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| discuss %age causes of Haemophillus A |
|
Definition
| 70% family hx, 30% mutation... |
|
|
Term
| wat % of pts will develop Ab to monfix therapy who have haemophillia B |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute leukaemia initially has what sx? |
|
Definition
| fatugue, pallor, wt loss, easy bruising |
|
|
Term
| acute leukaemia will soon progress to |
|
Definition
| fever, haemorraghes, extreme weakness, bone and joint pain, repeated infections |
|
|
Term
| what is aim of rx in acute leukaemias? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE MOST COMMONE TYPE OF LEUKAEMIA, WHO DOES IT USUALLY AFFECT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| untreated polycythaemia rubra vera resulyts in what |
|
Definition
| death by thrombosis, haemorrhage, or leukaemia |
|
|
Term
| a disaes characterised by increased vsciosity of blood, becasue of increase RBC mass and increase Hb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the ratio m:f of multiple myeloma, what percentage are 50-70? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of the following are function of the Spleen? - generation of Ab
- removal of Ab
- produce B and T lymphocytes
- remove bacteria, and senescent RBC
- reservoir for WBC and RBC
- reservoir for interferon
- remove inclusion bodies
- destroy plateltes
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypersplenism is characterised by what |
|
Definition
| increased RBC destruction and decreased platelts |
|
|
Term
| when is the peak incidence of hodgkins disaes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what systemic symptoms MAY be seen with hodgkins |
|
Definition
| anaemias, pruritis, night sweats, weight sweats |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 types of hodgkins |
|
Definition
| lymphocyte predominat, mixed cellularity, nodular sclerosis, lymphocyte depleted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stage I — Only one lymph node region is involved, or only one lymph structure is involved. |
|
|
Term
| There is widespread involvement of a number of organs or tissues other than lymph node regions or structures, such as the liver, lung, or bone marrow. in hodgkins, so what stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subclass B of hodkins indicates what |
|
Definition
| absence of symtoms of wt loss or fever (A is presence of these symtoms) |
|
|
Term
| what are signs and symptoms of nonhodgkins lymphoma? |
|
Definition
- lymph node enlargement
- pressure (internal abdominal)
- skin/bones
- B signs
- coombs +ve haemolytic anaemia
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