Leonardo da Vinci, Annunciation, 1470

Uffizi Gallery, Florence

white lillies- Virgin's purity

Spirit to flesh- incarnation

cassone (marriage chest)

representation of Mary shows her humility and submission to the Gabriel's will

Giotto di Bondone, The Last Judgment, 1306

Padua, Italy

patron Scrovegni

Christ's hands in position of judgment, mandorla (meaning almond)- shield surrounding Christ, angel peeling back firmament of the sky revealing bejeweled gates of paradise, Scrovegni (the patrol) giving the chapel to Virgin Mary (dedicated to her), Scrovegni expressing humility, puti- baby angel, soul unified in Christian theology, naturalistic style, representational

Relief of Antonius Pius ascending to Heaven, 161 AD

Campus Martius in Rome, Italy

The personified female figure in armour (right) saluting the emperor and empress represents Roma, and her shield depicts the legendary founders of Rome, Marcuz Aurelius and Lucius Verus set up the column, the personified figure holding the obelisk represents the Campus Martius

set up by his successors, the co-emperors Marcus Aurelius & Lucius Verus

Fra Filippo Lippi, Annunciation

in Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany

Alesso Baldovenetti, Annunciation

Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy

Fra Angelico, Annunciation

in the Piazza San Marco in Venice

Antonello de Messina, Virgin Annunciate

in the Piazza San Marco, Venice

meritatio- merit

Giotto, Calling of St. Francis,

in San Franceso, Assisi

Virtues: charity (caritas)- generosity, hope (spes)- hopes for the crown of heaven, prudence (prudential)- diligent, takes care of business, justice (justicia)- scales of justice, rewards victims, punishment [prudella]

Vices: inconstancy- instability, not in control, despair (desperegio)-life so bad committing suicide, determination to cure pain of living, influenced by devil, iconoclasm, religious expression, envy (invidia)- greed, wanting something, burning with envy, talks, tongue is serpent that eats her eyes, horns, monstrous and demonic, injustice (injusticia)- only one that is male, despotic ruler, surrounded my cracking military architecture, hand on sword ready for violence

·       Effects of justice: hawking, dancing, Effects of injustice: robbery, rape

Madonna della Misericordia (Virgin of Mercy)

in Pinacoteca Comunale of Sansepolcro, Tuscany, Italy

 by Piero della Francesca

Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Allegory of Good Government,

in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena

Justice rewards and punishes

Concordia holds a plane that represents making evenness, Justice rewards the good (comutativa), punishes criminals and crowns the victims (distributiva)

·       Faith, Hope and Charity surround Good Government, Generosity, Temperance and Justice, Peace, Fortitude and Prudence, hourglass represents death and time

·       Effects of good government in the city: music, dancing, order, equality, harmony, new construction (prosperity), effects of good government in the countryside: safe to travel, control, justice, rule of law, agriculture, Mercury (god of commerce), Spring, Moon (celestial elegance), astrology, philosophy, Securitas (security, safety)

Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Allegory of Bad Government,

in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena

  Allegory of Bad Government: arms of France, winter, Mars (god of war), Nero (Roman emperor), vampire called Tyranny, Avarice, Superbia, Vainglory, Justice bound and scales and cord broken, crime and murder, fires and destruction in the countryside, Timor (fear) rules over the countryside, burning fields and ruined houses

Cimabue, Madonna Enthroned

Tempera on panel. Relationship between Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. For altar in Santa Trinita in Florence. Hebrew Bible prophets reading scrolls at bottom, on the formation of the foundation of Madonna's throne.

Perugino, Passing of the Keys to St. Peter, patron Pope Sixtus IV

Sistine Chapel, Rome

   paving lines, horizon line, lines lead to conceptual space which is altar of church inside, primacy of Peter, lines get closer together as they go back (in reduced ratio), height of people on transversal, arithmetically consistent with natural human vision