Term
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Definition
| Piaget's 1sr stage of cognitive development. 2-7 yrs old. Symbolic thinking* egocentrism* hands-on activities* |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget: The ability to determine if a quantity remains the same despite the container it's in. Usually done in pre-operational stages but by age 7 most children have this ability. |
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Term
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Definition
| Erikson: 4-5 yrs old, social development* gender awareness* cooperative play begins* planning play* |
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Term
| Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt (Erikson) |
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Definition
| B/w 18 months-2/3 years of age (toddlers), children learn locus of control, independence*, hard time for parents |
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Term
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Definition
Cognitive-brain and problem solving development
Language-developing language skills, 2 word sentences, etc.
Social-Developing social skills, playing wit other kids
Emotional-Developing emotions for yourself and others. e.g. empathy
Creative-Developing creativity and imagination
Fine Motor- develop hand, fingers and toe coordination
Large Motor-develop larger muscles and abilities e.g. climb a ladder |
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Term
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Definition
Unoccupied- not playing
Onlooker- observing others or just moving randomly, socializes about play but does't get involved
Solitary-alone, focused on activity
Parallel-separately playing but close to other kids but doing their own activity
Associative-playing with others but not coordinating activities with them
Cooperative-Playing with people and the same activity. Very social |
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Term
| Gardner's 8 types of intelligence |
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Definition
Linguistic- Good at reading, writing, memorizing words/dates
Logical-mathematical-logic, reasoning, numbers, underlying principles
Kinesthetic-Body movements and motions
Musical- Sensitivity to sounds, rhythms, tones and music
Natural- Able to recognize nature and science of nature
Inter-personal-sensitivity to other's moods and behaviors
Intra-personal-introspective, self-reflective
Spatial-ability to visualize with the mind's eye |
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Term
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Definition
Boys- more physical
Girls- more verbal
Displays of aggression is normal at times during growth
Frustration, competition, developmental lag in child's role-taking skills and role models affect a child's aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| Goal directed attack to get attention to test one's own social power, preschoolers is typical because they are in a group setting, normal reaction to strong needs, physical and verbal |
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Term
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Definition
Aggressive acts performed with the intent to harm someone's self-esteem, feels good to hurt others, bullying
Red Flags: damaging property and torturing animals |
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Term
| Concrete Operational Stage |
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Definition
| Piaget, kids get increasingly skilled at understanding logical and concrete information. They still struggle with abstract ideas, however. |
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Term
Kohlberg (moral development)
Childhood Stages |
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Definition
pre-conventional: 9 and younger, they start to realize that not everyone's always right. Kids are only good in order to prevent them from being punished by an authority figure
conventional reasoning: kids are good so adults and other children notice they're being good for the approval of others, enjoy following rules (need rules to set limitations)
Post-conventional Reasoning: can think abstract, people have different values and ethics but still coexist, no one person is always right |
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Term
| Industry v. Inferiority (Erikson) |
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Definition
| Middle childhood: Feel comfortable and develop belief in own skills, self-regulation and self-efficacy come into play, most kids follow rules by now |
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Term
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Definition
| one's belief in the ability they will succeed or accomplish a task |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to monitor or control ourselves (behavior, emotions,) in order to alter yourself to the demands of the situation. Filter yourself |
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Term
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Definition
| Parenting style: Encourages independence but still puts limitations on the kids. Highly recommended parenting style |
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Term
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Definition
| Parenting style: strict, punishment-heavy, beating(spanking), threatening and shaming. Difficult for children to learn kindness, love, empathy and self-control especially without a parent or authoritative figure around |
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Term
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Definition
| Parenting style: few behavioral expectations for children, involved in their lives but little control, children will not be used to aggression or self-control. Kids need limitations so push the boundaries to find them |
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Term
| Learning Disabilities and Inclusion Law |
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Definition
| children with and without disabilities have positive outcomes from integrated classroom, kids are guaranteed a free education in a good and healthy environment |
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Term
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Definition
| What society expects of each gender. At 5 years old genders start separating, females develop differently than males physically, different skills, stereotypes |
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Term
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Definition
Popular: kids that have good social skills
Average: couldn’t really tell, don’t fall in a category
Neglected: loners, don’t read social cues well, poor social skills
Rejected: inappropriate social skills and behavior, causes others to not socialize with them, bullies, interrupters
Controversial: Class clown, interruptive for attention, nice to others, sometimes causes trouble |
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Term
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Definition
| Awkwardness due to uneven and rapid growth |
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Term
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Definition
Boys: Growth of testes, scrotum-11 yrs
Voice begins to change- 13-16 yrs
Pubic and facial hair growth
Gain additional weight in form of muscle mass, growth of ribs, shoulders
Girls: Increase in growth hormones- 9 yrs.
Pubic Hair- 11 yrs.
Growth Spurt- 12 yrs.
Menarche- 12-13 yrs.
Increase in body fat |
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Term
| Identity information and influences |
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Definition
| High school and adolescence everyone is self-conscious and trying to prove their popularity. This means most mask their real identity in order to fit in |
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Term
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Definition
| Preoccupation with what others think |
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Term
| Identity v. Identity Confusion |
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Definition
| Adolescent stage, moving into early adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget- begins at 11, ability to think more abstractly and have more sophisticated ideas/thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
| cultural contexts not always appropriate for children. One test, one score can leave some children at a disadvantage, different learning styles and cultural backgrounds |
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Term
| 4 Roles that Peer Groups Play |
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Definition
Independence from adults
Experience equal relationships with peers (not always an adult hovering)
Place where they can pass on informal knowledge (fads, trends)
Social institution where children can take control |
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Term
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Definition
| girls have to behave this way and boys have to behave that way |
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Term
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Definition
| boys play with boys, girls play with girls (clear around age 6 maybe earlier) |
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Term
| Gender differences in learning |
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Definition
Girls learn better in groups, discussion (middle school and high school), math scores rises for girls
Boys do better with spatial and sometimes physical activities |
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Term
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Definition
| sense of self importance, consumed with themselves and their development (not always bad, can be nice kids) it's just that age where development is such a new and becoming area that kids focus on their appearance and personality a lot to match other kids |
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Term
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Definition
| Nothing bad will happen to you, participating in an activity that could end up with someone hurt or in trouble but thinking it won't be you |
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Term
| 3 top causes of adolescent deaths |
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Definition
Accidents
Homicide
Suicide
(IN ORDER) |
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