Term
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Definition
| The science of the structure of the body and its relationship. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of physical and chemical processes involved in the functioning of human body. |
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Term
| Define Metabolism, and describe the two metabolic pathways. |
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Definition
| The sum of all the physical and chemical processes by which living organisms are produced and maintained, and also the transformation by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The maintenance of a stable equilibrium in biological system that oppresses external or internal disturbances. |
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Term
| Define Negative Feedback and give an example of it. |
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Definition
| Consists of reducing the output or activity of any organ or system back to its normal range of functioning. A good example of this is regulating blood pressure. |
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Term
| Definite Positive Feedback and give an example of it. |
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Definition
| When a system tends to increase output. The product of a reation influences or increases the forward direction of the system; the presence of a product (or signal) results in an increase in the production. An example would be when a nursing infant's sucking increases the secretion of a milk-releasing hormone in the mother. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate at which a certain event occurs (the number of new cases of a specific disease during a particular period of time in a population at risk). |
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Term
| Define Opportunistic Pathogens. |
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Definition
| Any microorganism that produces infection whent he health and immunity of the host is severely weakened. |
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Term
| Define Normal Micro Flora. |
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Definition
| Bacteria that normally and harmlessly inhabits in the human body. |
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Term
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Definition
| An infectious microorganism that is normally a commensal or does not harm its host but can cause disease when the host's resistance is low. An example are cells that do not have a nucleus, such as bacteria; they are unicellular. |
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Term
| Define Nosocomial Infections. |
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Definition
| Develop in hospitalized patients secondary to patient's original condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| The initial appearance of symptoms in the host (early symptoms). |
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Term
| Define Broad Spectrum Antibiotics. |
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Definition
| They are active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. |
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Term
| Define what Macrophages are. |
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Definition
"Big eaters that engulf"
A large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intercellular protein messenger molecules that regulate movement, proliferation, and differentiation or immune and other cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The attraction of leukocytes to an injurious agent. |
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Term
| Define Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules. |
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Definition
| Self components the immune system uses to determine self versus non-self. |
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Term
| Define Opportunistic Infections. |
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Definition
| Infections of normal harmless organisms in persons with compromised immune functions. |
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Term
| Describe the acute phase response during an inflammation. |
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Definition
| Fever, skeletal catabolism, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate - not leucopenia. |
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Term
| Describe AIDS dementia complex. |
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Definition
| Memory loss, difficulty concentrating, euphoria, lethargy. |
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Term
| Describe the "window phase" of HIV infection. |
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Definition
| The time between infection and detectable antibody levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Endemic in West Africa - rarer in other parts of the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| White blood cells have the greatest rate of increase during a bacterial infection. |
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Term
| Describe what Macrophages do. |
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Definition
| They capture and process antigens, and present them to the lymphocytes. |
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Term
| Describe the makeup of the Immune System. |
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Definition
| Red bone marrow, thymus gland, lymphoid organs, splee, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. |
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Term
| Examples of Ectoparasites. |
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Definition
| It's a parasite that can live on humans or animals. They suck your blood, and live on versus in the body. Examples are fleas and lice. |
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Term
| Examples of diseases caused by exotoxins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of active immunity. |
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Definition
| Immunity caused by a response to the exposure to a pathogenic agent or a simulated pathogen, such as a flu vaccine. |
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Term
| Examples of non-specific defenses. |
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Definition
| Skin, mucous membranes, phagocytes, inflammation. NOT antigen tagging. |
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Term
| Symptoms of the acute phrimary infection and primary phase of HIV. |
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Definition
| A mononuvleosis, like syntome with fever, myalgias, malaise, sore throat, nausea, and lethargy. |
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Term
| Symptoms at point in which the immune system is compromised by HIV. |
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Definition
| Malignancies, opportunistic infections, dormant infections surface. |
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Term
| List the levels of structural organization in increasing order. |
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Definition
| Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal level. |
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Term
| List the four major components of a negative feedback mechanism. |
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Definition
| Sensor, stimulus, integrator, effector. |
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Term
| Principle of complementarity of structure and function. |
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Definition
| Function always follows structure. Each component of human body is structured to perform a specific function. |
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Term
| Vectors of Infectious Diseases. |
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Definition
| Vectors are the transmitters of disease-causing organisms that carry the pathogens. A vector is an animal, insect, or living organism that can carry and transmit communicable diseases to humans. |
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Term
| Gram staining is used on: |
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Definition
| Defining subcategories of bacteria. |
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Term
| Fungi that reproduce by budding. |
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Definition
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Term
| Common symptoms of infectious disease. |
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Definition
| Headache, lethargy, muscular pain. |
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Term
| Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Location. |
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Definition
| Found in all nucleous of the body, red blood cells, found in all nucleated cells in the body, mature RBC's have no nucleus. |
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Term
| Immunoglobulins are produced by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Specific Immune Mechanisms include: |
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Definition
| protection afforded by cell mediated immunity. |
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Term
| The most abundant immunoglobulin: |
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Definition
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Term
| Immunoglobulins involved in allergic and hypersensitivity responses: |
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Definition
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Term
| "Master Switch" cell in immune system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Differentiation of T Lymphocytes. |
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Definition
| this is a process that occurs in the thymus. |
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Term
| Lymphocyte involved in humoral immunity through the production of antibodies: |
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Definition
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Term
| Define clusters of differentiation (CD) |
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Definition
| surface proteins that act as markers of recognition for various T and B cells. |
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Term
| Presence of local heat during the inflammatory response is due to: |
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Definition
| increased local blood flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus) |
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Term
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Definition
| blood, sexual contact, maternal-placental circulation, and breast milk. |
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Term
| HIV virus directly infects: |
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Definition
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