Term
| antibody systems cold agglutinin syndrome |
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Definition
| IgM and complement activation due to reaction against I/i antigens |
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Term
| antibody systems paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria |
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Definition
| Donath Landsteiner antibody which is a biphastic IgG, that fixes complement, reactive to autoanti-P antibody |
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Term
| antibody systems warm autoimmune hemolytic anemias |
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Definition
| IgG that reacts with rH protein complex |
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Term
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Definition
| direct AHG (anti-human globulin) test which detects RBC coated in IgG in vitro; it is used to differentiate autoimmune hemolytic anemias from other hemolytic anemias |
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Term
| DAT in cold agglutinin syndrome |
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Definition
| monoclonal IgM (kappa) attached to RBCs due to autoanti I specificity |
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Term
| DAT in warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
| positive for IgG in serum for autoantibodies, positive for complement, polyspecific |
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Term
| hematological findings cold agglutinin syndrome |
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Definition
| Chronic or episodic hemolytic anemia, Agglutination (in cold areas of body), Vascular changes (Acrocyanosis- blue hands/feet and Raynaud’s phenomenon- pain with skin color changes due to blood vessel spasm), Hemoglobinuria, Blood counts (Falsely ↓ RBC and Falsely ↑ MCV due to clumping), Mild to moderate anemia. Normocytic/normochromic. Polychromasia, spherocytes, clumps of RBCs, NRBCs, erythrophagocytosis, Bone marrow (Normoblastic hyperplasia) and Splenomegaly |
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Term
| hematological findings warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
| can occur at any age (usually over 40), normal anemia symptoms, secondary to underlying disorder, Immune mediated hemolysis (autoantibodies in serum, spherocytes), peripheral blood (normocytic/normochromic anemia, retics, polychrome, nRBCs, spherocytes, schistocytes, erythrophagocytosis) |
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Term
| hematological findings HDFN: ABO type |
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Definition
| NRBC, schistocytes, spherocytes, Polychromasia in babies blood, anti-A &/or anti-B in moms blood, mild anemia, moderate bilirubinemia (in baby), DAT weakly positive or negative |
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Term
| hematological findings HDFN: Rh type |
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Definition
| Marked Polychromasia, mild or absent poikilocytosis, few (if any) spherocytes in baby, moderate to severe anemia and bilirubinemia. DAT positive, no spherocytes, caused by anti-D in mom |
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Term
| Alloimmune stimulus for antibody production |
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Definition
| Antigens on transfused cells are lacking on RBCs of recipient, causes production of alloab that react with cells that have the foreign Ag |
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Term
| Alloimmune site of hemolysis |
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Definition
| can be intravascular (IgM, immediate) or extravascular (IgG, delayed) |
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Term
| Alloimmune type of antibody involved |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| positive (transient positive acute transfusion reaction, weakly positive/negative in HDFN ABO type) |
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Term
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Definition
| positive, indicative of alloimmune, ABO HDFN screened via IAT |
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Term
| Autoimmune stimulus for antibody production |
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Definition
| immune reaction against self-antigens |
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Term
| Autoimmune site of hemolysis |
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Definition
| extravascular (RBC sensitized with Ab or complement) or intravascular (MAC initiated) |
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Term
| Autoimmune type of antibody involved |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| positive for cold agglutination |
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Term
| immediate hemolytic tranfusion reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| Extravascular hemolysis site of destruction |
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Definition
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Term
| Extravascular hemolysis immunoglobulin class of antibody |
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Definition
| IgM (more effective) or IgG |
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Term
| Extravascular hemolysis underlying mechanism |
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Definition
| Ab Sensitized cells phagocytized by macrophages in spleen or liver |
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Term
| Intravascular hemolysis site of destruction |
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Definition
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Term
| Intravascular hemolysis immunoglobulin class of antibody |
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Definition
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Term
| Intravascular hemolysis underlying mechanism |
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Definition
| Complement cascade activated → C9 (MAC) → RBC lysis |
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Term
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Definition
| intravascular, MAC initiated due to biphasic autoantibodies to P antigen on RBC |
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Term
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Definition
| test for D-L (Donath Landsteiner) antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| Mother forms alloantibodies against fetal RBCs antigens, IgG antibodies cross placenta and destroy fetal RBC in utero |
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Term
| Postnatal pathophysiology |
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Definition
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