Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal red cell that is slightly reduced in size and that possesses 3 to 12 spicules of uneven length distributed along the periphery of the cell membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An acute disease in which the white cell count is markedly reduced and neutropenia becomes pronounced. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of globin chain found in hemoglobin and coded for by the alpha gene. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which there is reduced oxygen delivered tothe tissues. It may result from increased destruction of red cells, excessive blood loss, or decreased production of red cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anemia caused by aplasia of bone marrow or its destruction by chemical agents or physical factors. |
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia |
|
Definition
| Acquired disorder characterized by premature erythrocyte destruction owing to abnormalities in the individual's own immune system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anemia caused by hemolysis of red blood cells resulting in reduction of normal red cell lifespan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anemia resulting from a demand on stored iron greater than can be met. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anemia in which megaloblasts are found in the blood, usually due to a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B. |
|
|
Term
| Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia |
|
Definition
| A hemolytic process associated with such conditions as TTP, prosthesis, and burns. It is visualized in the peripheral smear by fragmentation of the red cells and other bizarre morphology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of megaloblastic anemia due to a deficiency of vitamin B that is directly linked to absence of intrinsic factor (IF). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of anemia with an abnormal red cell seen in patients who possess high quantities of hemoglobin. The red cell is crescent shaped. Sickle cell anemia: Hereditary, chronic anemia in which abnormal or sickle or crescent-shaped erythrocytes are present. It is due to presence of hemoglobin S in the red blood cells. The frequency of the gene that causes this disease is high in the African and Mediterranean population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Variation in the size of erythrocytes when observed on a peripheral blood smear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An agent that delays or prevents blood coagulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Failure of an organ or tissue to develop normally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The failure of events to occur in time with each other as they usually do. In hematology, nuclear and cytoplasmic development are mismatched. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A benign reactive change in the morphologic appearance of the lymphocyte, which is frequently secondary to a viral disease, e.g. infectious mononucleosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rod-shaped alignment of primary granules that is present only in the cytoplasm of myeloblasts and monoblasts in leukemic states. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An immature neutrophilic granulocyte with a horseshoe or sausage-shaped nucleus (also called a stab). Comprises 2 to 6 percent of the normal differential count (segmented). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mature white blood cell whose cytoplasmic granules stain deep blue-purple with basic dyes like methylene blue. Comprises 0 to 2 percent of the normal differential count. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An absolute increase in basophils. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Red blood cell inclusion that consists of precipitated ribonucleoprotean and mitochondrial remnants. Stippling may be fine, coarse, or punctuate in form and is seen in toxic states such as metal poisoning, severe bacterial infection, drug exposure, and so forth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of globin chain found in hemoglobin that is coded for by the beta gene. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Red cells with approximately 10 to 30 spicules evenly distributed over the surface of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A red blood cell inclusion resembling a figure eight. It is usually found in heavily stippled cells. |
|
|
Term
| Colony Forming Unit - Culture (CFU-C) |
|
Definition
| Generation of stem cells using tissue culture methods/current synonym is CFU-Gm which is a colony-forming unit committed to the production of myeloid cells (granulocytes and monocytes) |
|
|
Term
| Colony-Forming Unit Committed to Erythropoiesis (CFU-E) |
|
Definition
| A stem cell that is committed to forming cells of the red blood cell series. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Referring to the ability of white cells to move nondirectionally toward an attractant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes movement toward a stimulus particularly that displayed by phagocytic cells toward bacteria and sites of cell injury. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located in the nucleus of the cell, this darkly staining substance contains the genetic material composed of DNA attached to a protein structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The abnormal red cell is seen with frequency in the myeloproliferative disorders, it is shaped like a tear. Synonym: Teardrop cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deprived of fibrin. The conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin is the basis for clotting blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Single or multiple, round or oval, blue cytoplasmic inclusions (with Romanowsky stain) seen in neutrophils, usually associated with toxicity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of charged particles through a medium (paper, agar, gel) in the presence of an electrical field; useful in the separation and analysis of proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal red cell that is egg shaped or elliptical. Synonym: Ovalocyte. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mature type of granulocyte in which cytoplasmic granules are large, round, and refractile and stain orange or red with Wright's stain; comprises 0 to 4 percent of the normal differential count. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disease characterized by anemia, jaundice, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and generalized edema (hydrops fetalis), owing to the maternal IgG antibodies that cross the placenta and attach fetal red cells when there is a fematernal blood group incompatability; usually caused by ABO or Rh antibodies. Synonym: Hemolytic disease of the newborn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mature red blood cell or corpuscle. |
|
|
Term
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) |
|
Definition
| The rate at which red blood cells settles per hour. The ESR is affected by three factors: erythrocytes, plasma, and mechanical factors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in circulation, secondary to many disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As seen in the bone marrow, an increase in the number of immature red cell forms; usually a response to anemic stress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The production and maturation of erythrocytes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hormone that regulates red blood cell production. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liability to break, burst, or disintegrate as erythrocytes are prone to do when exposed to varying concentrations of hypotonic salt solutions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The group of disease caused by or associated with the presence of one of several forms of abnormal hemoglobin in the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The presence of hemoglobin (in the urine) freed from lysed red blood cells, rapid hemolysis, or red cells exceed the ability of the blood proteins to combine the hemoglobin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The destruction of red blood cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to, characterized by, or producing hemolysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formation of blood cells. Synonym: hematopoiesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal internal or external bleeding; may be venous, arterial, or capillary from blood vessels into the tissues, into or from the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An iron-containing pigment derived from hemoglobin upon disintegration of red cells. It is one method whereby iron is stored until it is needed for making hemoglobin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large fixed macrophage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Possessing identical alleles in regard to a given characteristic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Red cell inclusions that develop in periods of accelerated or abnormal erythropoeisis. They represent nuclear remnants containing DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive proliferation of normal cells in the normal tissue arrangement of an organ. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An increase in the number of nuclear lobes or segments (6) in segmented neutrophils; especially characteristic in vitamin B or folate deficiencies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase area of central pallor in red cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition characterized by yellowish skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and body fluids owing to deposition of excess bilirubin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mitotically active T or B cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. One cause is excess hemolysis, which results in increased circulating bilirubin. Another cause is liver damage caused by hepatitis. |
|
|
Term
| Kleihauer-Betke Technique |
|
Definition
| An acid elution test used to quantitate the amount of fetal hemoglobin present. Fetal hemoglobin is more resistant than adult hemoglobin to elution at acid pH durin this procedure, and stains red. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chronic or acute disease of unknown etiologic factors characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocytes and their precursors in the tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A moderate or advanced degree of leukocytosis in the blood that is not a result of leukemia disease. These reactions are frequently observed as a feature of infectious disease, drug and chemical intoxication, or secondary nonhemotopoietic carinoma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase in number of leukocytes (more than 10,000/mm^3) in the blood smear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A white blood cell formed in lymphoid tissue throughout the body, generally described as non granular and including small and large varieties; comprises approximately 20 to 45 percent of the total leukocyte count. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An increase in lymphocytes within the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A red cell 9u in diameter or larger. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells of the reteculoendothelia system having the ability to phagocytose particulate substances and to store vital dyes and other colloidal substances. They are found in loose connective tissues and various organs of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A tissue basophil. See Basophil. |
|
|
Term
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) |
|
Definition
| A measure of hemoglobin content of red corpuscles. It is reported in picograms. |
|
|
Term
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) |
|
Definition
| A measure of concentration of hemoglobin in the average red cell. Expressed as a %. |
|
|
Term
| Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) |
|
Definition
| A measure of the volume of red corpuscles expressed in cubic micrometers or femtoliters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The intermediate platelet precursor cell in the bone marrow, not normally present in peripheral blood. It is a large cell, usually having a multilobed nucleus that gives rise to blood platelets due to a pinching off of the cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large sized nucleated, abnormal red cell precursor, 11 to 20 microns in diameter, oval and slightly irregular, resulting from a nuclear/cytoplasmic maturation asynchrony characteristic of vitamin B or folate deficiency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term used to describe changes in the bone marrow that are morphologically similar to, yet etiologically different from, megablastic change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An immature neutrophilic granulocyte with a nucleus that is "kidney bean" shaped or just starts to indent, and the presense of specific granules (either neutrophilic, or basophilic) in the cytoplasm (e.g. neutrophilic metamyelocyte, eosinophilic metamyelocyte, basophilic metamyelocyte). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of hemoglobin wherin the ferrous ion (Fe++). This may be due to toxic substances such as aniline dyes, potassium chlorate, or nitrate contaminated water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small, sphere-shaped red blood cells seen in certain kinds of anemia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antibody derived from a single ancestral antibody-production parent cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A white blood cell that normally constitutes 2 to 10 percent of the total leukocytes staining count. This cell is 9 to 12 u in diameter and has an indented nucleus and an abundant pale blue-gray cytoplasm containing many fine red-staining granules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells, characterized by very high immunoglobulin levels of monoclonal origin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first recognizable "mother cell" (precursor) of the granulocytic cell line. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The presence of abnormally small numbers of neutrophils in the circulating blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A medium-sized mature leukocyte, with a three-to-five-lobed nucleus, and cytoplasm containing small lilac-staining granules; normally constitutes 50 to 70 percent of leukocyte in blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability of the red blood cells to withstand different salt concentration. This is dependent on the volume, surface area, and functional state of the red blood cell membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal red cell that is egg shaped or elliptical. Synonym: Elliptocyte. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The combined form of hemoglobin and oxygen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A depression of each of the normal bone marrow elements: white cells, red cells, and platelets in the peripheral blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basophilic inclusions in the red blood cells that is cluster like. They are believed to be iron particles confirmation is made by Prussian blue stain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The portions of the nuclear chromatin that are nonstained or lightly stained. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ingestion and digestion of bacteria and particles by phagocytes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The liquid portion of whole blood containing water, electroylytes, glucose, fats, proteins, and gasses; contains all the clotting factors necessary for coagulation but in an inactive form. Once coagulation occurs, the fluid is converted to serum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A B lymphocyte-derived cell that secretes immunoglobulins or antibodies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A round or oval disc 2 to 4 microns in diameter; derived from the cytoplasm of the megakaryocyte, a large cell in the bone marrow; plays an important role in blood coagulation, hemostasis, and blood thrombus formation. |
|
|
Term
| PMN (Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil) |
|
Definition
| A mature granulocyte (with neutrophilic granules) and a segmented nucleus (also called a segmented neutrophil). See Neutrophil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Variation in shape of red cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In evaluating red blood cell morphology, this term refers to the blue-gray color of some younger red cells. Increased polychriomasia is a sign of a very active bone marrow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An excess of red blood cells in the peripheral blood. Polycythemia vera: A chronic life-shortening myeloproliferative disorder involving all bone marrow elements, characterized by an increase in red blood cell mass and hemoglobin concentration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An immature white blood cell precursor found only in the bone marrow that is the characteristic stage of maturation where azurophilic nonspecific granules first appear in the cytoplasm of the granulocytic cell line. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A blood cell containing a network of granules or filaments representing an immature stage in development. Normally comprise about 1 percent of circulating red blood cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal red cell that is formed when pieces of the red cell membrane become fragmented; causes bizarre-looking red cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal red cell seen in patients who possess high quntities of hemoglobin S, an abnormal hemoglobin; red cell is crescent or sickle shaped. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nonnucleated red blood cell shape; smaller than normal red cells, have a concentrated hemoglobin content. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal red cell shape; this shape appears as having a slitlike area of central pallor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal red cell; looks like a "bull's eye" with hemoglobin concentrated in the center and on the rim of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal red cell, shaped like a tear. Synonym: Dacrocyte. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of hereditary anemias produced by either a defective production rate of alpha-or beta hemoglobin polypepetide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition marked by increased platelets in the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inherited disorders of platelets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreased numbers of platelets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased number of platelets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Medium to large metachromatic granules that are evenly distributed through the cytoplasm; may be seen in severe bacterial infections, severe burns, or other conditions. |
|
|
