Term
| What muscles make up the girdle? What is their role? |
|
Definition
-connect leg to body
Psoas minor (tilts pelvis)
Psoas major (flexes hip)
Iliacus |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the tensor fascia latae? |
|
Definition
| flexes hip & stabilizes stifle |
|
|
Term
Extensor or flexor?
Middle gluteal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles make up the gluteals? |
|
Definition
superficial gluteal
middle gluteal
accessory gluteal (horse)
deep gluteal |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the deep gluteal? |
|
Definition
| keep femur close to acetabulum, stabilizing the joint |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about the rump muscles in ruminants? |
|
Definition
| the biceps femoris & superficial gluteal are fused to form the gluteobiceps |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the semimembranosus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle make up the quadriceps? Where do the originate/insert? |
|
Definition
All insert on the patella
rectus femoris (pelvis)
vastus intermedius (cranial femur)
vastus medius (sides of femur)
vastus lateralis |
|
|
Term
| The quadriceps are innervated by the.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the quadriceps do? |
|
Definition
extend the stifle
(femoris can be a hip flexor as well) |
|
|
Term
| What cartilagenous structure helps to prevent subluxation of the femur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the transverse acetabular ligament do? |
|
Definition
| partial closure of acetabular knotch, helps to prevent vertical subluxation of the femur |
|
|
Term
| What is the accessory ligament? What species have this? |
|
Definition
extension of the pre-pubic tendon, it passes under the transverse acetabular ligament and provides extra resistance against subluxation
HORSES ONLY |
|
|
Term
| What is the trochanteric notch? |
|
Definition
| found in the horse, a notch between the cranial and caudal parts of the trochanter of the femur |
|
|
Term
| When a hind limb moves forwards, the hip (flexes/extends) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a hind limb moves forwards, the stifle (flexes/extends) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a hind limb moves forwards, the hock (flexes/extends) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a hind limb moves forwards, the fetlock (flexes/extends) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a hind limb moves forwards, the interphalangeal joints (flex/extend) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the regions of joint articulation in the stifle? |
|
Definition
femoraopatellar
femorotibial & menisci
proximial tibiofibular |
|
|
Term
| Where are menisic found? What are they? |
|
Definition
proximal end of tibia
c-shaped fibrocartilage which create a recess that stabilizes the articlation between femoral condyles and tibial plateau |
|
|
Term
| Where are cruciate ligaments found? What are their names & what do they do? |
|
Definition
within the stifle joint
Cranial CL - prevents tranial translation of tibia
Caudal CL - prevents caudal translation of tibia |
|
|
Term
| The patella is involved with (flexion/extension) of the stifle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the patella found? |
|
Definition
| in the trochear groove on the femur |
|
|
Term
True or False
All animals have 3 patellar ligaments |
|
Definition
false
large animals have 3, for improved stability/support of the patella |
|
|
Term
| What structure are involved with the patellar locking mechanism? |
|
Definition
parapatellar cartilage
medial patellar ligament
medial trochlear ridge |
|
|
Term
| provides motor innervation to stifle flexors, sensory to caudal region of leg |
|
Definition
| tibial branch of sciatic nerve |
|
|
Term
| provides motor innervation to stifle extensors, sensory to craniolateral side |
|
Definition
| common peroneal branch of sciatic nerve |
|
|
Term
| The long digital extensor originates at the _____ and inserts ____ |
|
Definition
origin: extensor fossa of femur
insertion: P3 |
|
|
Term
| The lateral digital extensor originates at the ____ and inserts ____ |
|
Definition
origin: head of fibula
insertion: P1 (dogs), fuses with long (horse) |
|
|
Term
| Innervation of long & lateral digital extensors |
|
Definition
| deep peroneal branch of common peroneal |
|
|
Term
| Blood supply of long & lateral digital extensors |
|
Definition
| cranial tibial (branch off popliteal) |
|
|
Term
| The peroneus brevis is unique to.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals do not have a peroneus longus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals do not have a peroneus tertius? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What joints does the cranial tibial muscle cross? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What joints does the peroneus terius cross? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peroneus tertius is a hock (flexor/extensor) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the superficial gluteal do |
|
Definition
| extends hip (or flexes - dispute btwn Dyce & jeff lol) |
|
|
Term
| What does the middle gluteal do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the biceps femoris originate/insert? What does the biceps femoris do |
|
Definition
origin: ischial tuber
insertion: facia around the stifle
extends hip |
|
|
Term
| The sartorius, pectineus, gracilis and semimembranosus all have what in common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve gives motor function to the quads? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve gives sensory function to the medial aspect of quads? |
|
Definition
| saphenous (sensory branch of femoral) |
|
|
Term
| What branches come off the sciatic nerve? |
|
Definition
caudal cutaneus femoral
tibial
common peroneal |
|
|
Term
| The _____ gives blood supply to the gluteal region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ gives blood supply to the femoral region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branches of the internal iliac |
|
Definition
internal iliac ->
cranial & caudal gluteal
internal pudendal |
|
|
Term
| Branches of the external iliac |
|
Definition
external iliac ->
deep femoral
(ext il now becomes femoral)
common peroneal
saphenous |
|
|
Term
True or False
The cruciate ligaments are named for where they start (e.g. cranial/caudal) |
|
Definition
false
were they end.
e.g. cranial patellar ligament starts more caudally on the femur, ends cranially on the tibia |
|
|
Term
| The patellar ligament helps with stifle (flexion/extension) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do femoropatellar ligaments do |
|
Definition
| keep the patella on track in the trochlear groove |
|
|
Term
| The lateral digital extensor inserts on... |
|
Definition
P1 (dogs)
P3 (horses - fuses with long digital extensor) |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the long & lateral digital extensors? |
|
Definition
| deep peroneal branch of the common peroneal (coming off the sciatic) |
|
|
Term
| What does the long digital extensor do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood supply for the long & lateral digital extensors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The long digital extensor inserts on... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muuscles flex the hock in carnivores? |
|
Definition
cranial tibial
perneous longus
peroneus brevis |
|
|
Term
| What muscles flex the hock in ruminants? |
|
Definition
cranial tibial
peroneus longus
peroneus tertius |
|
|
Term
| What muscles flex the hock in horses? |
|
Definition
cranial tibial
peroneus terius |
|
|
Term
True or False
Peroneus longus inserts on P1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Caudal leg muscles are innervated by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscle that insert on the calcaneus will (extend/flex) the hock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the SDFT insert? |
|
Definition
proximal check branches insert on the calcaneus (extend hock)
continues to P1 & P2 (flexes digits) |
|
|
Term
| What is the significanece of the sustentaculum tali? |
|
Definition
| pulley surface which the DDFT runs over |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plantar
proximal digital
distal digital |
|
|
