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main function of the nervous system (3) |
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sensory, integrative, motro |
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basic stuctural and functional unit, for cell to cell communication |
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receives incoming signals from other neurons |
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tube-like fiber , thicker and longer than dendrites |
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fatty white substance around axon |
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aread between axon terminal and dendrites of next cell |
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single process extends from cell body, branches into axon and dendrite. |
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two branches leave opposite ends of cell body, limited dendritic branching, short axons. |
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bipolar neurons often serve in what capacity? |
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multiple branches leave cell body; many dendrites, extensive integration of information from other neurons. usually long. |
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most neurons are of what structural type? |
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3 functional roles of neurons: |
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motor (efferent), sensory (afferent), interneurons |
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the basophilic patches visible in cytoplasm of the soma are termed |
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Nissl substance is actually |
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the nucleolus in the soma is always present, making |
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transport of products from cell body to axon |
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the synaptic bouton is where what are packaged and stored? |
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neurotransmitter molecules |
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dentrites carry _________ to the cell body |
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the axon hillock is characterized by its lack of |
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Nissl substance and Golgi bodies |
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the presynaptic membrane is |
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the area of plasma membrane of a presynaptic axon that is within the synapse and has sites adapted for release of transmitterse |
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the postsynaptic membrane |
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has receptors that interact with neurotarnsmitters |
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contact point between an axon and a cell body |
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multipolar neurons are found in |
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the CNS and autonomic ganglia |
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bipolar neurons are associated with what systems? |
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pseudounipolar neurons are associated with receptors in the |
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skin, joints, muscles, internal organs |
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a synapse between an axon and a dendrite is inhibitory or excitatory? |
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an axosomatic synapse is inhibitory or excitatory? |
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the lipid bilayer of Schwann cell plasma membrane. |
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long cellular extension of neuron |
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bare region between Schwann Cells, where axonal membrane is exposed to extracellular fluid |
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electrical impulse skips over myelinated sections |
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each fascicle of nerve fiber bundles |
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epineurium is composed of |
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loose irregular connective tissue w/ collagen, elastic fiber, fibroblasts, adipose, macrophages, mast cells |
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each bundle of nerve fibers |
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thin connective tissue with reticular fibers synth by Schwann cells; occasional fibroblasts and capillaries |
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aggregates of nerve cell bodies (soma) outside the CNS |
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what cells function in the CNS how Schwann cells function in the PNS? |
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oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells |
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supprot, nutrition, repair, defense, isolation, phagocytosis |
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bind neurons to capillaries and to pia mater, aid in blood-brain barrier, form scar tissue, affect metabolism of neurons. |
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small, elongate cells w/ short processes. Phagocytic - protect brain from microorganisms. inflammation and repair. |
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lines internal cavities of spinal cord and ventricles of brain. contribute to formation of spinal fluid. |
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the neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junctions is |
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cell bodies of motor neurons are located where in the CNS? |
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the anterior horn of the grey matter |
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Meissner corpuscle senses: |
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Pacinian corpuscle senses: |
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Pressure/course touch and vibration/tension |
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spinal ganglion is known as the _________ ________ |
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sensory neurons do / do not synapse in ganglia |
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motor neurons do / do not synapse in ganglia |
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sensory neurons are bipolar, multipolar, or pseudounipolar? |
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autonomic ganglion contain cell bodies of two types of postganglionic neurons: |
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sympathetic, parasympathetic |
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the gray matter contains: |
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cell bodies and glial cells |
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the white matter contains: |
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myelinated and unmyelinated axons and glia |
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how many more glia are there in the brain than neurons? |
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how many axons can be myelinated by one oligodendrocyte? |
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are there nodes of Ranvier in the CNS? |
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waht type of epithelium makes up the ependyma? |
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cuboidal to columnar, some ciliated |
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the meninges has three parts: |
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dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
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periosteum of inner cranium bone + dense CT contains fibroblasts, fibrocytes |
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dense CT, subarachnoid space filled with CSF |
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loose CT, many small blood vessels. Adheres closely to surfaces of brain and spinal cord. |
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which part of nervous system is involved with "fight-or-flight?" |
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what does the parasympathetic system affect? |
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slow processes - slows heart rate, constricts pupils, increases gastric secretion and intestinal motility |
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nuclei in sensory, pseudounipolar ganglia are located ________ and have _________ __________ |
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centrally, prominent nucleoli |
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where does the central process of afferent nuron of the dorsal root ganglion synapse? |
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if a neuron in a ganglion has an eccentrically located nucleus, it is probably a ________ neuron |
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efferent neurons will have nuclei located ___________ |
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the cerebellar cortex has three layers: |
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molecular, purkinje, granular |
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mostly inhabited by dendrites of purkinje cells- looks sparse |
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single layer of large purkinje cells between molecular and granular layer or cerebellar cortex |
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