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Histology - Nervous Tissue
WSU CVM Chandra
78
Other
Graduate
10/04/2008

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Term
main function of the nervous system (3)
Definition
sensory, integrative, motro
Term
neuron
Definition
basic stuctural and functional unit, for cell to cell communication
Term
cell body
Definition
contains nucleus
Term
dendrite
Definition
receives incoming signals from other neurons
Term
axon
Definition
tube-like fiber , thicker and longer than dendrites
Term
myelin sheath
Definition
fatty white substance around axon
Term
axon terminal
Definition
end of axon
Term
synapse
Definition
aread between axon terminal and dendrites of next cell
Term
pseudounipolar
Definition
single process extends from cell body, branches into axon and dendrite.
Term
bipolar
Definition
two branches leave opposite ends of cell body, limited dendritic branching, short axons.
Term
bipolar neurons often serve in what capacity?
Definition
sensory
Term
multipolar
Definition
multiple branches leave cell body; many dendrites, extensive integration of information from other neurons. usually long.
Term
most neurons are of what structural type?
Definition
multipolar
Term
3 functional roles of neurons:
Definition
motor (efferent), sensory (afferent), interneurons
Term
the axon arises from teh
Definition
axon hillock
Term
the basophilic patches visible in cytoplasm of the soma are termed
Definition
Nissl substance
Term
Nissl substance is actually
Definition
polyribosomes and RER.
Term
the nucleolus in the soma is always present, making
Definition
Ribosomal RNA
Term
anterograde flow is
Definition
transport of products from cell body to axon
Term
retrograde flow is
Definition
from axon to cell body
Term
the terminal bulb is aka
Definition
synaptic bouton
Term
the synaptic bouton is where what are packaged and stored?
Definition
neurotransmitter molecules
Term
dentrites carry _________ to the cell body
Definition
impulses
Term
the axon hillock is characterized by its lack of
Definition
Nissl substance and Golgi bodies
Term
the presynaptic membrane is
Definition
the area of plasma membrane of a presynaptic axon that is within the synapse and has sites adapted for release of transmitterse
Term
the postsynaptic membrane
Definition
has receptors that interact with neurotarnsmitters
Term
axosomatic synapse
Definition
contact point between an axon and a cell body
Term
multipolar neurons are found in
Definition
the CNS and autonomic ganglia
Term
bipolar neurons are associated with what systems?
Definition
visual, auditory
Term
pseudounipolar neurons are associated with receptors in the
Definition
skin, joints, muscles, internal organs
Term
a synapse between an axon and a dendrite is inhibitory or excitatory?
Definition
excitatory
Term
an axosomatic synapse is inhibitory or excitatory?
Definition
inhibitory.
Term
myelin is
Definition
the lipid bilayer of Schwann cell plasma membrane.
Term
nerve fiber:
Definition
long cellular extension of neuron
Term
node of Ranvier
Definition
bare region between Schwann Cells, where axonal membrane is exposed to extracellular fluid
Term
saltatory conduction
Definition
electrical impulse skips over myelinated sections
Term
epineurium surrounds
Definition
each fascicle of nerve fiber bundles
Term
epineurium is composed of
Definition
loose irregular connective tissue w/ collagen, elastic fiber, fibroblasts, adipose, macrophages, mast cells
Term
perineurium surrounds
Definition
each bundle of nerve fibers
Term
endoneurium surrounds:
Definition
each nerve fiber
Term
endoneurium consists of
Definition
thin connective tissue with reticular fibers synth by Schwann cells; occasional fibroblasts and capillaries
Term
ganglia:
Definition
aggregates of nerve cell bodies (soma) outside the CNS
Term
what cells function in the CNS how Schwann cells function in the PNS?
Definition
oligodendrocytes
Term
types of Glial cells (4)
Definition
oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
Term
functions of glia (6):
Definition
supprot, nutrition, repair, defense, isolation, phagocytosis
Term
astrocytes
Definition
bind neurons to capillaries and to pia mater, aid in blood-brain barrier, form scar tissue, affect metabolism of neurons.
Term
microglia
Definition
small, elongate cells w/ short processes. Phagocytic - protect brain from microorganisms. inflammation and repair.
Term
ependyma
Definition
lines internal cavities of spinal cord and ventricles of brain. contribute to formation of spinal fluid.
Term
the neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junctions is
Definition
acetylcholine
Term
cell bodies of motor neurons are located where in the CNS?
Definition
the anterior horn of the grey matter
Term
Meissner corpuscle senses:
Definition
low frequency vibration
Term
Pacinian corpuscle senses:
Definition
Pressure/course touch and vibration/tension
Term
Merkel disk senses:
Definition
continuous touch
Term
Free nerve endings sense
Definition
pain and temperature
Term
spinal ganglion is known as the _________ ________
Definition
sensory ganglion
Term
sensory neurons do / do not synapse in ganglia
Definition
do not
Term
motor neurons do / do not synapse in ganglia
Definition
do
Term
sensory neurons are bipolar, multipolar, or pseudounipolar?
Definition
pseudounipolar.
Term
autonomic ganglion contain cell bodies of two types of postganglionic neurons:
Definition
sympathetic, parasympathetic
Term
the gray matter contains:
Definition
cell bodies and glial cells
Term
the white matter contains:
Definition
myelinated and unmyelinated axons and glia
Term
how many more glia are there in the brain than neurons?
Definition
10 times
Term
how many axons can be myelinated by one oligodendrocyte?
Definition
many!
Term
are there nodes of Ranvier in the CNS?
Definition
yes.
Term
waht type of epithelium makes up the ependyma?
Definition
cuboidal to columnar, some ciliated
Term
the meninges has three parts:
Definition
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Term
dura mater
Definition
periosteum of inner cranium bone + dense CT contains fibroblasts, fibrocytes
Term
ararchnoid mater:
Definition
dense CT, subarachnoid space filled with CSF
Term
pia mater:
Definition
loose CT, many small blood vessels. Adheres closely to surfaces of brain and spinal cord.
Term
which part of nervous system is involved with "fight-or-flight?"
Definition
sympathetic
Term
what does the parasympathetic system affect?
Definition
slow processes - slows heart rate, constricts pupils, increases gastric secretion and intestinal motility
Term
nuclei in sensory, pseudounipolar ganglia are located ________ and have _________ __________
Definition
centrally, prominent nucleoli
Term
where does the central process of afferent nuron of the dorsal root ganglion synapse?
Definition
not in the ganglion (?)
Term
if a neuron in a ganglion has an eccentrically located nucleus, it is probably a ________ neuron
Definition
multipolar, efferent
Term
efferent neurons will have nuclei located ___________
Definition
eccentrically
Term
the cerebellar cortex has three layers:
Definition
molecular, purkinje, granular
Term
molecular:
Definition
mostly inhabited by dendrites of purkinje cells- looks sparse
Term
purkinje layer:
Definition
single layer of large purkinje cells between molecular and granular layer or cerebellar cortex
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