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Histology
Circulatory System
28
Histology
Professional
11/15/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the usual blood vessels through which blood generally circulates?
Definition
Arteries-Arterioles-Capillaries-Venules-Veins
Term
Where is tissue fluid is formed at the capillary?
Definition
At the arterial end
Term
What end of the capillary does the tissue fluid return to circulation?
Definition
at the venous end
Term
What is the excess fluid that is not recovered back by the capillaries?
Definition
Lymph; returns to vena cava to return to circulation
Term
What is the tunica intima formed of?
Definition
endothelium, subendothelium (CT), Internal elastic lamina (musclular and arterioles only)
Term
What is tunica media formed mainly of?
Definition
smooth muscle, (arteries have external elastic lamina)
Term
What is the tunica adventitia formed mainly of?
Definition
collagen and elastic fibers
Term
What is unique in the tunica adventitia in large vessels?
Definition
vasa vasorum
Term
What does the tunica media of large elastic arteries consist of mainly?
Definition
elastic tissue and smooth muscle; 75-80% of thickness
Term
What part of the nervous system controls vasoconstriction?
Definition
sympathetic
Term
What does atherosclerosis affect?
Definition
elastic and muscular arteries mainly
Term
What are the characteristics of arterioles?
Definition
narrow lumen, very prominent internal elastic lamina, thick tunica media (no external elastic lamina)
Term
Arterioles are involved in which clinical condition?
Definition
hypertension
Term
The only layer in capillaries is?
Definition
tunica intima
Term
Where does exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues takes place?
Definition
blood capillaries
Term
What do pericytes surround?
Definition
capillary endothelium
Term
What can pericytes differentiate into?
Definition
smooth muscles or fibroblasts
Term
What are the three types of blood capillaries?
Definition
continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal capillaries (blood sinusoids)
Term
Where are fenestrated capillaries are located?
Definition
endocrine glands, GI mucosa, and kidney glomeruli
Term
Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?
Definition
liver, bone marrow, spleen
Term
What are the characteristics of sinusoids?
Definition
wide capillaries, tortuous path, wide spaces, fenestrated cytoplasm
Term
What is an arteriovenous anastomosis?
Definition
direct communication between arterioles and venules, bypassing capillaries
Term
Where are A-V shunts located?
Definition
fingers and toes, nose, lips and ears and digestive system and thyroid gland
Term
What are the defining characteristics of large veins?
Definition
tunica adventitia contains smooth muscle and vasa vasorum
Term
What are venous valves formed of?
Definition
folds of tunica intima
Term
What are cardiac valves derived from?
Definition
endocardium
Term
What are the components of conducting system of the heart?
Definition
S-A node (pace maker), A-V node, A-V bundle of His, Right and left bundle branches, purkinje muscle fibers
Term
What are the characteristics of Purkinje muscle fibers?
Definition
located in subendocardial, conducts 4-5x faster, larger than cardiac muscle, paler in color than cardiac muscle
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