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| created in 1906 authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to inspect and condemn any mea product found unfit for human consumption. Unlike other laws ordering meat inspections which were enforced to assure European nations from banning pork trade. In response to Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle an expose of the Chicago meat packing indutry |
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| written by Upton Sinclair about the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century. The novel depicts in harsh tones the poverty, absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness prevalent among the "have-nots", which is contrasted with the deeply rooted corruption on the part of the "haves". Led to Meat Inspection Act and the Food and drug administration |
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| The Promise of American Life |
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| book published by Herbert Croly, founder of The New Republic, in 1909. This book opposed aggressive unionization and supported economic planning to raise general quality of life. After reading this book, Theodore Roosevelt adopted the New Nationalism. |
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| a statute enacted by the U.S. Congress which sought to address the perceived evils of child labor by prohibiting the sale in interstate commerce of goods manufactured by children, thus giving an expanded importance to the constitutional clause giving Congress the task of regulating interstate commerce. It was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson (who had lobbied heavily for its passage) in 1916, but in Hammer v. Dagenhart, the Act was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States ( |
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| The bill was vetoed by President Woodrow Wilson (largely on technical grounds, because it also covered wartime prohibition) but overridden by Congress on the same day, October 28, 1919. The Act specified that "no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, or furnish any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act". It did not specifically prohibit the use of intoxicating liquors. The act defined intoxicating liquor as any beverage containing more than 0.5% alcohol and superseded all existing prohibition laws in effect in states that had such legislation. |
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| Servicemen’s Readjustment Act |
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| provided college or vocational education for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as GIs or G.I.s) as well as one year of unemployment compensation. It also provided many different types of loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses. Since the original act, the term has come to include other veteran benefit programs created to assist veterans of subsequent wars as well as peacetime service. |
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| Fredrick Winslow Taylor, Principles of Scientific Mgmt |
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Scientific management elevated productivity and efficiency which in turn, alienated the working class.
His theory was that productivity would increase if tasks were reduced to their simplest parts.
Laborers hated this system because they produced more in less time for less pay, advocates of “Taylorism” applauded the increased productivity and efficiency of Taylors system.
PROGRESSIVISM |
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In January 1920, Palmer, Attorney General, ordered a series of raids that targeted men and women who harbored what Palmer considered ideas that could lead to violence.
He deported 500 noncitizen suspects.
This led to the collapse of the Red Scare. |
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Two anarchist immigrants from italy who were arrested in 1920 for robbery and murder in Massachusetts. They were sentenced to death by a judge who called them “anarchist bastards.” The governor named a blue-ribbon review committee that found the trial judge guilty of a “grave breach of official decorum” but did not motion for a retrial
50,000 mourners followed the caskets in the rain convinced that the men died because they were radical immigrants, not because they were murderers. |
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| Makeshift shantytowns given this name as a bitter joke responding to Hoover’s denial of the economic problem that was still alive. |
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| Tennessee Valley Authority |
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The most ambitious and controversial natural resources development project in the New Deal.
Created in may 1933, built dams along the Tennessee River to supply impoverished rural communities with cheap electricity. |
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Head of the brotherhood of S leeping Car Porters.
Promised that 100,000 african American marchers would go to Washington if the president didn’t eliminate discrimination in defense industries.
Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 in mid-1941 in response.
It authorized a Committee on Fair Employment Practices to investigate and prevent race discrimination in employment.
Civil rights champions hailed the act, and he triumphantly called off the march. |
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| Michael Harrington, The Other America |
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Novel that described poverty of more than one in every five Americans “maimed in body and spirit, existing at levels beneath those necessary for human decency”.
Kennedy read this and then helped push poverty onto the national agenda.
By 1962 he won support for a 2 billion dollar urban renewal program. |
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Evolution trial in Tennessee, 1925
The first trial to be covered live on radio and attracted a nationwide audience.
Scopes charged with a $100 fine. |
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a member of the food movement- which opposed alcohol in pre-prohibition America.
promoted her views through vandalism with a tomahawk.
published a biweekly newsletter called The Smasher's Mail, a newspaper titled The Hatchet.
later in life exploited her name by appearing in vaudeville, selling photographs of herself, charging to lecture, and marketing miniature hatchets |
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a cultural icon, whose image was used to promote the WOW's (Women Ordinance workers), of the United States.
represented the American women who worked in war factories during World War II, many of whom worked in the manufacturing plants that produced munitions and materiel. These women sometimes took entirely new jobs and many a time took the jobs of the men, which were many, that had gone to join the army.
The character is now considered a feminist icon in the US, and a herald of women's economic power to come.
inspired many women, and helped them realize that they could do it. |
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| Appalachian Regional Development Act 1965 |
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established the Appalachian Regional Commission. The Act authorizes a Federal/State partnership designed to promote long-term economic development on a coordinated regional basis in the 13 Appalachian States.
Emphasis has been placed on highways, infrastructure development, business enterprise, and human resources programs. |
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| wrote History of the Standard Oil Company book was about the methods Rockefeller used to take over the oil industry. Ruined Rockefeller’s reputation as corrupt man and was hated by nearly all people |
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| social club of Confederate veterans that quickly developed into a paramilitary organization supporting Democrats. Went on rampages to restore white supremacy. Promised to defend family, morality, and traditional American values against blacks, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics, and Jews |
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| from the New Deal designed to provide a modest income to relieve the poverty of elderly people. Money comes from taxes on employees. The rich get taxed with a higher rate than poor. |
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| during Roosevelt’s campaign it was the victory over our enemies at home (racist) and victory over our enemies on the battlefields abroad. |
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Grand Dragon of the KKK in Indiana and 22 other northern states.
He ran for Congress as a Democrat but lost.
caused klan population in indiana to grow so that 1/3 of men were members.
switched to republican party and supported governor Edward Jackson.
in 1925 he went on trial for murder which led to the downfall of the "Second Wave" of Klan activity.
He killed and raped Madge Oberholtzer (who ran a state program to combat illiteracy).
he exposed the gov officials affiliated with the Klan. |
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| paid modest wages to legal services program provided lawyers for the poor, leading to lawsuits that enforced their rights to welfare programs. |
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| term that most U.S. employers in the 1920s used to describe their policy of refusing to negotiate with unions. The policy promoted union-free open shops. As a result, union membership in 1920 shrank from 5 million to some 3.6 million in 1923. |
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| Fair Employment Practices Commission |
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FEPC.
Created by Roosevelt by signing executive order 8802.
prevented employment discrimination against workers based on race, color, creed, or national origin.
influenced by A Phillip Randolph's.
strengthened in 1943 through Executive Order 9346. It required that all gov contracts have a non-discrimination clause. During ww2, FEPC rules applied and guaranteed equality of employment rights.
in 1948, President Truman wanted a permanent FEPC, anti-lynching legislation, and the abolishment of the poll tax. southern states fillibustered.
only 5 northern states enacted: New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Connecticut. |
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included in the ten programs under the Economic Opportunity act of 1964.
a provision that was targeted at youth, preschoolers.
created by Lyndon Johnson. |
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set into motion by Kennedy, passed by Lyndon Johnson.
strongest measure since reconstruction.
It prohibited discrimination in public facilities, in government, and in employment.
invalidated the Jim Crow laws in the south.
It became illegal to compel segregation of the races in schools, housing, or hiring.
Powers given to enforce the bill were initially weak, but were supplemented during later years. |
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| Economic Opportunity Bill |
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Johnson's call for "an unconditional war on poverty."
enacted in 1964 and authorized ten programs under the new office of economic opportunity.
allocated about 1% of federal budget it Head Start for preschoolers, work-study grants for college students, and a Job Corps for unemployed young people.
also loans to businesses willing to hire the long-term unemployed; aid to small farmers; and the Volunteers in Service to America.
included the Community Action Program which gave people usually excluded from government an opportunity to act on their own behalf and develop leadership skills. |
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