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History final exam
final exam ideas & concepts
68
History
9th Grade
05/28/2006

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Term
vernacular
Definition
the language of the common people
Term
perspective
Definition
Technique used by artist to make paintings seem 3-dimisional by making distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer
Term
composition
Definition
How parts fit together
Term
recant
Definition
To make a formal retraction or disavowal of a previously held statement or belief
Term
Luther's message
Definition
Did not believe the seven sacraments guaranteed salvation, believed salvation was gained through faith alone,Started Lutheranism, protested against the catholic church, believed that the catholic church used the religion to gain money, did not believe the clergy had special powers to grant salvation, believed salvation came through faith alone, wrote 95 theses,People saw it as an answer to church corruption, princes wanted to overthrow rule of the church and Holy Roman emperor, Germans were tired of paying to support churches and clergy in Italy.
Term
Empty Quarter
Definition
desert on Arabian Pennensula
Term
ant-semitism
Definition
Discrimination against Jews
Term
oral tradition
Definition
The spoken relation and preservation, from one generation to the next, of a people's cultural history and ancestry, often by a storyteller in narrative form.
Term
sedentary
Definition
setteled peoples that live in one place
Term
gross domestic product per capita
Definition
sign of a country's wealth
Term
icon
Definition
A representation or picture of a sacred or sanctified Christian personage, traditionally used and venerated in the Eastern Church.
Term
Chaldean
Definition
a Christian from the northern part of Iraq
Term
heresy/heretic
Definition
(a person who has) beliefs contrary to those of the church
Term
humanism
Definition
The study of classical culture that focused on worldly subjects rather than religious issues
Term
proportion
Definition
Dimensions; size
Term
sfumato
Definition
smokey technique
Term
annul
Definition
to cancel a marraige
Term
classical antiquities
Definition
ancient times in the Greek and Roman world, esp. from Homer to the fall of the Western Roman Empire; also anything of or pertaining to this time period
Term
printing press
Definition
Device used to print multiple copies of texts, ifluenced the spread of Luther’s 95 theses
Term
Caste system
Definition
a system in which people are born into a certain group that cannot be changed

castes:vaisya,kashatrya, sudra, untouchables, (look up others)
Term
desertification
Definition
The transformation of arable or habitable land to desert, as by a change in climate or destructive land use.
Term
minaret
Definition
A tall slender tower attached to a mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a muezzin summons the people to prayer.
Term
nation of Islam
Definition
Islamic religion started by Muhhamed
Term
Pope vs. Patriarch
Definition
Pope-Catholic
Patriarch-eastern orthodox
Term
Bedouin
Definition
a nomadic herder
Term
excommunication
Definition
outcast from the church
Term
changes in art
Definition
things become more realistic
Term
chiaroscuro
Definition
Contrast between light and dark
Term
predestination
Definition
beleif that who will recieve salvation is predetermined and connot be changed
Term
Jusuits
Definition
people that spread Catholocism and tried to get rid of heresy
Term
humnities
Definition
Those branches of knowledge, such as philosophy, literature, and art, that are concerned with human thought and culture; the liberal arts.
Term
Manorialsim
Definition
in medieval times, the organization of rural economy and society by three classes of manors: demesne, serf or villein holdings, and free peasant land
Term
Swahili
Definition
the most widely spoken Bantu languages; the official language of Kenya and Tanzania and widely used as a lingua franca in east and central Africa
Term
surplus
Definition
more than is needed
Term
Ming & Isolationism
Definition
Ming government isolates themselves from the rest of the world after Zheng He dies
Term
sect
Definition
section
Term
Edict of Milan
Definition
legalized Christianity, by Constantine
Term
sacraments
Definition
In the Eastern, Roman Catholic, and some other Western Christian churches, any of the traditional seven rites that were instituted by Jesus and recorded in the New Testament and that confer sanctifying grace.

baptism, confirmation, matrimony, communion, holy oils,confession,ordination
Term
vanishing point
Definition
When Making objects in a painting different sizes to emphasize depth the point of smallest object?
Term
patron
Definition
financial supporter of the arts
Term
inquisition
Definition
Church court set up during the middle ages
Term
hypothesis
Definition
educated guess used in the scientific method
Term
secular
Definition
nonreligous
Term
griot
Definition
oral historian
Term
supply & demand
Definition
price of the supply is determined by the demand and the amount in stock
Term
pilgrimage
Definition
journey to a sacred place or shrine
Term
scientific method
Definition
ask a question, hypothesis, form experiment, experiment, observation, collect data, form conclusion
Term
Catholic/catholic
Definition
C-religion
c-universal
Term
Orthodox/orthodox
Definition
O-religion
o-universal
Term
Idulgences
Definition
pardon for sins
Term
Simony
Definition
The buying or selling of ecclesiastical pardons, offices, or emoluments.
Term
Nepotism
Definition
favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power as by giving them jobs
Term
fresco
Definition
The art of painting on fresh, moist plaster with pigments dissolved in water
Term
contrpposto
Definition
Natural form of body
Term
canonized
Definition
To be recognized as a saint
Term
geocentric
Definition
Relating to, measured from, or with respect to the center of the earth.
Having the earth as a center.
Term
heliocentric
Definition
Of or relating to a reference system based at the center of the sun.
Having the sun as a center.
Term
capital
Definition
A town or city that is the official seat of government in a political entity, such as a state or nation.
Term
Church of England
Definition
the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs); has its see in Canterbury and the Sovereign as its temporal head [
Term
nuclear family
Definition
family consisting of parents and their children and grandparents of a marital partner
Term
commodity
Definition
something of value
Term
caliph
Definition
A leader of an Islamic polity, regarded as a successor of Muhammad and by tradition always male.
Term
martyr
Definition
person who died for their religion
Term
Bedouin
Definition
a nomadic herder
Term
Act of Supremacy
Definition
This sets up the church of England, Henry VII becomes the head of the church, takes power away from the Pope
Term
Confucianism
Definition
a philosophy which is based on the responsibilities and extreme respect for Parents
Term
Daoism
Definition
A philosophy that supports a life of moderation. Live simply in nature
Term
Legalism
Definition
A philosophy that believes that people are evil, strict rules and harsh punishments
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