Term
| Teeth have been important throughout the ages because they have symbolized sexual potency, power, vigor, beauty, strength, and wisdom. |
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Definition
| True, teeth are psychologically important to most individuals. |
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Term
| Sacerdotalism, as expressed by priestly incantations and mysticism, was a way early man attempted to use to cure toothache |
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Definition
| True, priestly intercession by incantations and magic were believed to be valuable to cure dental pain. |
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Term
| During the time of the early Greeks, a widespread notion prevailed that sickness was a punishment of the gods. |
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Definition
| True, the gods were blamed for bringing disease to mankind. |
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Term
| The hieroglyphic symbols of a bird, tusk, and arrow signify the “great of those who deal with the teeth, and of the physicians.” |
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Definition
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Term
| The Chinese were known for their practice of digitally-extracting teeth. |
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Definition
| False, the Japanese were the ones who developed the ability to extract teeth using their fingers. |
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Term
| Hippocrates taught that an accumulation of depraved juices in the tooth was responsible for tooth decay. |
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Definition
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Term
| The writings of Hippocrates formed the basis of clinical medicine for 20 centuries. |
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Definition
| True, he has been called the “Father of Modern Medicine.” |
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Term
| The founder of the science of anatomy was Aristotle. |
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Definition
| True, he also gave to medicine zoology and embryology. |
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Term
| An early Roman term for the toothpick is “Dentiscappia.” |
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Definition
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Term
| St. Appolonia’s Saint Day is February 9th. |
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Definition
| True, her Saint’s day is celebrated as a holiday in some dental schools. |
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Term
| King Solomon was known as the “King of Justice.” |
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Definition
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Term
| The ritual of ablution as practiced by the Arabs included the use of a siwak to clean the mouth prior to prayers. |
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Definition
| True, Mohammed said, “you shall clean your mouth, for this is a means of praising Allah.” The siwak is a small brush-like frayed stick. |
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Term
| The first two monumental published works exclusively related to dentistry were Artzney Buchlein (1530) and Zene Artzney (1532). |
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Definition
| True, this 44 page pamphlet was an anonymous compilation of writings by Pliny, Celsus, Galen, Avicenna, Musee, and Vigo. |
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Term
| Leeuwenhoeck was the first to describe oral microorganisms in plaque over 300 years ago. |
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Definition
| True, he discovered bacteria, protozoa, unicellular algae, and unicellular fungi. |
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Term
| Fauchard’s Le Chirurgien Dentiste (1728) was the most important dental book ever written. |
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Definition
| True, in this 863 page book in two volumes, Fauchard covered the entire field of dentistry. |
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Term
| Most men in 19th century America became dentists under the preceptorship study of dentistry. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1898, G.V. Black introduced the term “gelatinous plaque” to describe microbial colonies on the tooth surface. |
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Definition
| True, black also stated that this microbial mass was the “cause” of periodontal disease. |
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Term
| Evidence of women providing dental services has been found to exist as early as the 13th century |
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Definition
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Term
| Dr. Henrietta Hirschfield, a native of Germany, was the first woman to complete the 2-year course of study at the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in 1867. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dr. Ida Gray Nelson Robbins was the first black woman to hold a degree in Dentistry. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dr. Lucy Hobbs Taylor was one of the first group of dentists to be registered in the state of Connecticut. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first dental periodical was the American Journal of Dental Science. |
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Definition
| True, it was first published in 1839. |
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Term
| Chapin A. Harris founded the world’s first dental journal. |
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Definition
| True, he founded and edited the first dental periodical in 1839. |
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Term
| The first national society was the Society of Dental Surgeons of New York City. |
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Definition
| True, this was a small local meeting, the precursor to the American Society of Dental Surgeons, held in New York City, August 1840. |
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Term
| The degree D.M.D. (Doctor of Dental Medicine) was created by the Harvard Dental School in 1869. |
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Definition
| True, they created a new degree, Dentaire Medicinae (Doctor of Dental Medicine). Some dental schools still issue the D.M.D. degree. |
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Term
| The first dentist to get a D.D.S. degree was Dr. Robert Arthur and he only attended dental school for four months. |
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Definition
| True, Dr. Arthur received the first D.D.S. degree on March 9, 1841. He was only 22 years old. He was given 4 months credit for the experience he already had in dentistry. |
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Term
| The first dental school in Indiana was established in 1879 with Dr. P.G.C. Hunt as the first dean. |
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Definition
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Term
| Indiana University School of Dentistry is the “birthplace” for dental radiology in an educational setting. |
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Definition
| True, the first course in dental rariology was established at IU in 1910; the first textbook in 1915; both by Dr. Howard R. Raper, an Indiana University School of Dentistry professor. He coined the term “radiodontia.” |
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Term
| When first introduced, water fluoridation reduced decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) by 50-65%. |
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Definition
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Term
| The dental notes and drawings of Leonardo da Vinci greatly aided the development of dentistry during the Renaissance. |
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Definition
| False, they were relatively unknown until about 1778 when they were discovered in a British royal castle. |
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Term
| The pelican is a dental instrument used in the 1500s and later, which was used to scale calculus from teeth. |
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Definition
| False, the pelican was an extraction instrument only, shaped like the beaks of a bird. |
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Term
| At the time the Barber-Surgeon guild was chartered (1540), barbers could not extract teeth, and were only permitted to shave or bloodlet. |
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Definition
| False, both barbers and surgeons could extract teeth, but only barbers could shave or bloodlet. |
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Term
| In 1651, Nathaniel Highmore discovered the maxillary sinus. |
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Definition
| False, although it had already been described previously by Vesalius and others, he was the first to describe it accurately. |
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Term
| George Washington wore “wooden” dentures. |
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Definition
| False, Dr. Reidar Sognnaes, a forensic pathologist from UCLA, used the electron microscope to show that Washington’s dentures were made of ivory and/or metal. |
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Term
| Dr. Juliann Bluitt was the first woman appointed Dean of a dental school. |
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Definition
| False, the first woman dean was Dr. Jeanne C. Sinkford of Howard University |
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Term
| Mrs. Giles in 18th century London established a recall system in her dental practice. |
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Definition
False, Mrs. Thompson of England did so in 1808. |
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Term
| The two most exciting years in dentistry were 1858-1859. |
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Definition
| False, 1839-1840 with the publication of the American Journal of Dental Science, the inauguration of the first dental school, and the first organized dental society. |
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Term
| The American Dental Association began as a section of the American Medical Association. |
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Definition
| False, the developed independently. |
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Term
| The first national dental journal was sponsored by the ADA. |
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Definition
| False, the ADA was not in existence until later (1859). Chapin A. Harris and a group of New York dentists edited the first dental journal, the American Journal of Dental Sciences. |
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Term
| Dr. C. Edmund Kells of New Orleans hired the first female dental assistant on record in 1885. His action shocked other dentists of that era. |
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Definition
| True, he called these woman assistants, “the ladies in attendance.” |
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Term
| William Conrad Roentgen was the first American to take dental radiographs. |
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Definition
| False, Roentgen was German, Dr. C. Edmund Kells of New Orleans produced the first dental x-ray in America in 1896. |
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Term
| Dr. C. Edmund Kells of New Orleans made the first dental radiograph in the world in April of 1896. |
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Definition
| False, it was made by Dr. Otto Walkoff of Braunschweig, Germany. The first X-ray of the molar-premolar area required a 25 minute exposure! |
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Term
| Emiline Roberts Jones was the first American woman to receive the D.D.S. degree. |
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Definition
| False, it was Dr. Lucy Hobbs Taylor, who graduated February 21, 1866, from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery (Cincinnati). She practiced dentistry for 49 years. |
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Term
| Unlike the situation in Europe, dentistry in America has always been considered a profession rather than a trade. |
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Definition
| False, early American dentistry developed as a trade with apprenticeships |
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Term
| From its earliest beginnings, the world’s first dental school was directly affiliated with the University of Maryland. |
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Definition
| False, physicians from the University of Maryland Medical School were opposed to the mere idea of a dental college being a “department” of their college. Dentists were considered inferior in all ways. |
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Term
| Admission requirements were stringent for the first five candidates to dental school. |
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Definition
| False, one only needed the “rudiments of an English education.” |
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Term
| In the U.S., prior to 1840, dentistry was largely practiced by blacksmiths and barbers, and they were charlatans and quacks. |
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Definition
| False, taking all things into consideration at that time, dentists were highly intelligent, inventive, relatively well-educated, and practiced good dentistry. |
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Term
| The founding of the first dental school preceded the founding of dental periodic literature. |
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Definition
| False, the first journal was published in June, 1839, and the first dental school opened in November of 1840. |
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Term
| Chapin A. Harris died a pauper, leaving his wife indigent. |
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Definition
| True, in 1860, he died at the age of 54. He had spent so much of his own money to develop dentistry into a profession that he left his wife penniless. |
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Term
| Dr. Horace H. Hayden, M.D., D.D. S. was an enthusiastic supporter of the establishment of a dental journal |
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Definition
| False, he first opposed the idea, thinking that they were giving “free” information to quacks and charlatans. |
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Term
| Sanford Barnum wanted to patent the idea of using a rubber damn, and license dentists for its use world-wide. |
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Definition
| False, he presented his invention to the profession as a free gift. |
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Term
| “Painless” Parker was a perfect example of a non-ethical dentist. |
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Definition
| False. Sometimes the line between ethical practice of dentistry and “quackery” is indistinct. Dr. Parker actually should not be called a quack. He made many innovations in dentistry which have helped dentists, e.g., group practice. |
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Term
| Germ-free rats can get dental caries if fed enough sugar. |
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Definition
| False, cariogenic bacteria must be present. |
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Term
| Tooth decay is essentially a childhood disease. |
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Definition
| False, on average, teenagers and adults develop one new carious lesion per year. Also, root caries affect about 60% of people over the age of 50, and over 70% of persons over the age of 60. |
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Term
Because of the primitive cariogenic diet, the dental decay rate of prehistoric man was about 50%. |
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Definition
| False, ancient man ate few fermentable carbohydrates. “Twinkies” had not yet been invented; prehistoric man had a 2% decay rate. |
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Term
The Worm Theory of tooth decay was believed in practically all countries in the world, except in North America. |
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Definition
| False, the American Indians also believed in this theory. |
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Term
The first people to use a toothbrush made of twigs and roots were the Egyptians. |
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Definition
False, about 4,000 B.C., ancient Hindus of India used a toothbrush made of twigs and roots. |
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Term
| The early Egyptians filled teeth with a crude form of dental amalgam |
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Definition
| False, early Egyptians did not fill teeth with restorative materials, although they did appear to insert toothache remedies into cavities. |
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Term
Hammurabi’s Code (1900 B.C.) dealt with a code of laws and morality for physicians but failed to mention teeth. |
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Definition
| False, teeth were mentioned frequently; e.g., a “Tooth for a Tooth” justice. |
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Term
| The modern toothbrush was invented by Chinese in 1498 |
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Definition
| False, recent evidence shows that the Chinese developed the toothbrush as early as 959 A.D. |
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Term
The finest prosthodontists of antiquity were the Phoenicians. |
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Definition
| False, that title goes to the Etruscans of Italy, who were master goldsmiths. |
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