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History of Photography 1.1
Early
31
Photography
Undergraduate 2
09/04/2009

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Term
[image]
Definition

Niepce Lithography didn't work out.

1807, "Heliograph," 8 hours.

Dies in 1833, forms partnership with Daguere

Term
Niepce
(type of photo, chemicals, pros & cons)
Definition
Heliograph
Coat pewter plate
Pro: first one!
Con: slow
Term
[image]
Definition

Louis Daguere, 1840. 

Daguere originally made dioramas. Stole Neipes' work after "partnership" and Niepes' death. After Daguerreotype, Arago & French gov't buys & popularizes it. 

Term
Loius Daguere
(Daguerreotype chemicals, pros & cons)
Definition
Polished copper plate
Pros: clarity, business, brings portraits to middle class
Cons: size (small), fragile, exposure time is 15-30 minutes
Term
[image]
Definition

William Henry Fox Talbot

Calotype, paper negative, everyday images

(from Britian) 

Term
William Henry Fox Talbot
(type of photo(s), chemicals, cons)
Definition
Sciagraphs


Photogenic Drawings / made Calotype negative
Term
Calotype (pros & cons)
Salt Paper Print (preparation)
Definition
Calotype is the negative

Pros: on paper, there is a negative & a positive, larger, more business
Cons: fuzzier, takes time

Negative and paper are held together and exposed, can take mins or hours (Talbot 45 mins)
Term
Sir John Herschel
(terms coined)
Definition
"Photography," "Fix," "Positive," "Negative"
Gallic acid as a developer, hypo as fixer, tinted prints/cyanotype - "blueprint" - contact printing
Term
Hippolyte Bayard
Definition
Direct positive paper images, but not credited
Photogenic drawings / Calotype negative, later- paper negatives
"Self Portrait as a Drowned Man"
Term
Albumen Negatives
(people, date, chemicals, pros & cons)
Definition
Claude Niepce (Fr) & John Adams Whipple (US)
1847


Pros: exquisite lantern slides, unique postive
Cons: glass, clear
Term
Ambrotype
(person, date, chemicals, pros & cons)
Definition
James Ambrose Cutting (US)

Mount against black cloth, because image is light gray

Pros: cheaper than daguerreotype, quick
Cons: lack brilliance of daguerreotype, fragility
Term
Ferrotype/Tintype
(materials, pros)
Definition
Similar technique to Ambrotype, uses collodian
Pros: cheap! Sturdy! Fair & civil war photos
Term
Albumen - Printing (person, chemicals)
Definition

Louis Blanquart-Evrard (1850)

Coat paper with eggwhite. Sealant, so chemicals (& image) stays on top. 

Produces glossy print- popular! glorious tones!

Term
Wet Plate Collodion
(person, pros & cons)
Definition
Frederick Scott Archer (1851)
Collodion-
Pros: expore time down to 3-8 seconds, larger, never patented (accessible)
Cons: use wet, must carry darkroom around, difficult. Acid developer causes blindness
Term
Stereoscope
Definition
3D viewing!
Popular by 1851 at the Great Exposition
Term
[image]
Definition
Stereograph from Stereoscope.
Term
[image]
Definition

Photographer: Zealy

Patron: Agassiz. Founder of Comparative Zoologies. Trying to create visual evidence that blacks are different that whites & disprove Darwin (could have supported slavery). 

Not good as scientific evidence. 

Term
[image]
Definition

Hugh Welch Diamond 

Worked as superintendent at asylum. 

Physiognomy - study of shaped heads, facial expression as character traits 

Term
[image]
Definition

Francis Galton's Typographies

Eugenics- weed out certain traits

Composites of child abusers, etc. 

Nazi's inspired! 

Term
Barnardo Archives
Definition

Street children turned into good citizens!

Questions of tampering with the truth- dirtying up children 

Term
[image][image]
Definition
France's Mission Heliographicque - sent photographers to document past glories. Questions about what is being taken down. Used the "romantic" Calotype (Br) as opposed to Daguerreotype (Fr)
Term
[image]
Definition

Southworth & Hawes in America!

Niagra Falls 

Term
[image]
Definition

George Platt Babbit

Niagra Falls, took photos of people not expecting it, and sold it to them later 

Term
[image]
Definition

Bisson Brothers 

In the Alps with lots of porters. 

Term
[image]
Definition

Samuel Borne 

Himalayas, India, Kashmir 

Term

Hottest Market in 1850 

Photographers & Writers

Published by? 

Definition

Hottest Market: Egypt & Holy Lands

DuCamp (writer) & Flaubert.

Salzmann - Jerusalem 

Published by Blanquart-Evard

Term
[image]
Definition

Gustave La Gray 

Combination Printing - 2 negatives 

Term

Foucalt thinking 

Photo as a tool of control 

Definition

Foucalt - power & structures of power- photography as a technology of power 

 

Photo as a tool of control

Bertillion- control prisons 

Diamond- control asylum 

Barnardo- control poverty, orphans 

 

Term

Painters & Cameras 

- Thomas Eakins 

Definition

1800s painting- classical, romanticism, feelings driven

1850s- realism, everyday.

 

Thomas Eakins- American, spends time in Fr, Br.

Loved photography, collected photos of models to capture motion. Projected slides onto canvas to aid in painting. 

Term
[image]
Definition

Oscar Rejlander, "Two Ways of Life"

Based on Raphael's "School of Athens" 

30 negatives, professional tableaux vivant actors. 

Controversy! 

Push boundaries of multiple printing 

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