Romantic. Showed war's brutal side.

Goya, "3rd of May"

Effect: war imagery changes 

1854-1856

New things: rifle, telegraph (journalism), photography 

British & French vs. Russia. Want Russia to stay out of Eastern Europe. 

Mismanagement & confusion

Crimean War: 

William Russel of English Times

Roger Fenton

Russel: told tragic stories of mismanagement & death

Roger Fenton: doesn't photograph the negative. Possibly commissioned? Shows English culture alive and well, portraits, no battle scenes. 

Roger Fenton, "In the Valley of the Shadow of Death" 

Placed the cannonballs in the foreground

From the Tennyson poem 

Civil War: 

Matthew Brady 

Wet plate process, still pretty impossible to capture battle

Mostly North 

Famous photographer before the war- Abraham Lincoln

Matthew Brady

Lincoln - sturdy 

Alexander Gardener 

(previously under Brady) 

Set up the shot 

Gardener gets to Gettysburg first. 

Differences in prints & photographs 

"Gardener's Photographic Sketchbook of the War" 

Gruesome photos, accompanied by text 

Post-war: Lincoln's conspirators 

Exclusive access to hangings 

1850s & 1860s, French social repression of working class

French and German war, Germans invade in 1870

Uprisings in Paris, people get angrier at government, make communes - "the communars" 

Communist, Church/State, Education, Unemployment 

Communards in coffins. 

"Bloody Week" 

Communards standing over statue 

Used as celebratory image, also as evidence

Composites showing Communards as awful citizens