Term
| What year does the Civil War end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What years was the French and Indian War? What do the Europeans call the French and Indian War? |
|
Definition
| 1754-1763, Europeans call it the Seven Years War because even though it started in 1754 for America, it didn't spread internationally until 1756 |
|
|
Term
| Who were the combatants in the Seven Years War? |
|
Definition
| American colonists, Great Britain, their Native American allies, battle France, Spain, and their Native American allies |
|
|
Term
| Which Indian group was conveniently located between France and England? After the Seven Years War what did this group lose? |
|
Definition
| Iroquois, after the Seven Year's war they lost their leverage power between France and England |
|
|
Term
| What benefits did the ___ reap by being in-between France and England before the Seven Years War? |
|
Definition
The Iroquois:
1. control the Northeast fur trade
2. control movement of goods between English and French colonies
3. leverage favorable military and trade items by playing French and British against each other |
|
|
Term
| Did the Natives who sided with Britain win the French and Indian War? |
|
Definition
| No, no native won the war, even the ones who sided with Britain |
|
|
Term
| What were the cost of victory for Britain? |
|
Definition
1. vast new territory to govern
2. enemy combatants now "Britons" (many Indian groups had allied with France) (thousands of Quebequois"
3. decades of hostility between English colonists and these former French subjects. Threat of a Civil War?
4. Financial problems: cost of a global war combined with cost of administering vast new territory |
|
|
Term
| What was Pontiac's rebellion and what year did it occur? |
|
Definition
1763
lots of Natives not being happy bout being British subjects so they took control of 9 out of 12 new French forts acquired by British through the Seven years War |
|
|
Term
| Who created the first political cartoon? What year? What did it depict? |
|
Definition
Benjamin Franklin
1754
picture of snake with different parts representing different colonies: "Join or Die"
saying the colonies must unite together in the French and Indian War or else they would lose and die |
|
|
Term
| What did the French and Indian War due to the colonies of America? |
|
Definition
| forced sense of unity and common identity |
|
|
Term
| What were the consequences of the Stamp Tax? What year was it created? |
|
Definition
1765
1. convening of the "Continental Congress" at Philadelphia
2. Repeal of the Stamp Tax
3. British government faces new problems in America:
- colonists boycott British goods
- this isn't good for the British because the colonists are now unified, no longer are they separate, British accidentally unified the colonists |
|
|
Term
| Who won the French and Indian War? Britain? Colonists? |
|
Definition
| According to the map Britain did, but Gray explains that in fat Britain did NOT win the war due to how high the cost of victory was, instead the colonists won the war |
|
|
Term
| T/F Britain won the French and Indian War (kind of tricky, subjective in a way) |
|
Definition
| False, Britain's cost of victory was just too high, Colonists won the war |
|
|
Term
| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and what year did it come out? |
|
Definition
a Virginian, Thomas Jefferson
July 4, 1776 |
|
|
Term
| What was America's first "constitution" and which year was this document ratified? |
|
Definition
| The Articles of Confederation, 1777 |
|
|
Term
| T/F Articles of Confederation put the United in United States? |
|
Definition
False, The Articles of Confederation describes a defensive alliance, not a United States
"a league of friendship" |
|
|
Term
| T/F Colonial Era transitioned to the National Era as British Colonists transitioned to United States. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the French and Indian War start? |
|
Definition
George Washington and some other Virginian settlers fought the French colonists and their Natives to get them out of a fort on British colonists' land
so Colonists initiated the war |
|
|
Term
| T/F Only French, colonists, and Indians in America fought during the Seven Years War. |
|
Definition
False, both French and Britain sent troops to America to fight
sidenote: colonists were pissed because those so called Britain troops never left even after the war |
|
|
Term
| T/F On the whole, the French and Indian War was a disaster for the Native people. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F If Britain did not technically "win" the French and Indian War it is possible that America never would've declared independence and the United States would've never formed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who persuaded the Continental Congress to rake up the issue of Independence? (not sure if necessary) |
|
Definition
| a Massacchusettian, John Adams |
|
|
Term
| T/F Starting in 1776 we can refer to America as United States. (I'm not saying they are United) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the French and Indian War do the colonists? What did it show them? |
|
Definition
1. it brought the colonists together in a defensive alliance
2. brought the colonists together in opposition to British taxes
showed them they had some common problems:
- security (particularly Western boundary) |
|
|
Term
| T/F Through the Stamp Act, Britain accidentally united the colonists. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many years passed from the start of the French and Indian War to the ratification of the Federal Constitution. Whats the relation he uses to describe this in present terms. THE ANSWER HAS A LOT OF DATES YOU SHOULD MEMORIZE |
|
Definition
| 35 years, 35 years ago the Vietnam War ended, Saigon surrendered dates: French and Indian War 1754-1763 Pontiac's Rebellion: 1763-1765 Stamp Act 1765 U.S. Declared Independence 1776 Articles of Confederation ratified in 1777 Constitution ratified in 1789 |
|
|
Term
| T/F Before the French and Indian War British Colonists were surrounded by French and Spain, after the French and Indian war United States were surrounded by Spain and Great Britain, so thus the map before and after the French and Indian war looks similar except different names. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once America declared their independence, what happened to the Iroquois? |
|
Definition
| they reclaimed their leverage power, instead of it being in-between France and Britain it was not between Britain and America |
|
|
Term
| After the Revolutionary War, what did Thomas Jefferson fear? |
|
Definition
| That Britain would claim some land to the West of the United States and thus America would be a battlefield for years to come and the United States lacked the resources to defend it. |
|
|
Term
| T/F The Revolution made the United States entirely secured and independent. |
|
Definition
| False, U.S. was still a dangerous neighborhood, Britain could try to reclaim them and Spain could attack |
|
|
Term
| T/F The Articles of Confederation created a central government for America. |
|
Definition
False, a league of friendship, states were still independent, states could make whatever laws they wanted as long as it didn't interfere with other states
Articles of Confederation said the states were pretty much different countries that need to come together for security purposes but not share political power |
|
|
Term
| What year was the United States Constitution ratified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which state was the last state to ratify the Constitution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F America's constitution was the first handwritten constitution, no other country at the time had a written constitution. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the Articles of Confederation who had the power? According to the Constitution who had the power? |
|
Definition
Articles of Confederation: the states and delegates, does not mention "the people"
Constitution: "we the people", people and government |
|
|
Term
| Out of all of these things: French and Indian War, Revolutionary War, Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution, which united the United States the most? Is the United States truly United? |
|
Definition
| The Constitution united the United States the most, HOWEVER this does NOT mean the United States is truly United, basically the United States was never truly United |
|
|
Term
| What was the most single most difficult question the framers of the Constitution faced? |
|
Definition
| how do you apportion representation |
|
|
Term
| T/F The word slavery can be found in the Constitution. |
|
Definition
| False, the word "slavery" is never mentioned in the Constitution, HOWEVER slavery is inadvertently mentioned in the Constitution |
|
|
Term
| T/F The constitution deals with slavery. |
|
Definition
True, in Article 1: Section 2 and 9, doesn't mention it directly but its implied
1. 3/5 Compromise
2. end of Atlantic Slave trade in 1808 |
|
|
Term
| At the time the Constitution was created what was the largest state (not now but back then) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first compromise the United States faced? When did it faced it? |
|
Definition
| 3/5 Compromise, where slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxes, Spring 1787 during the Philadelphia Convention (process of getting the Constitution ratified) |
|
|
Term
| T/F The Constitution unified political power into one Federal Government. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are most of the big states? |
|
Definition
| In the south where their economy depends on slaves |
|
|
Term
| When was the first time that slavery became a political problem? |
|
Definition
| when deciding states' representation, Northern states thought counting slaves would be giving Southern states unfair advantage |
|
|
Term
| T/F Sectionalism did not appear in the United States until near the Civil War |
|
Definition
| False, sectionalism appeared way before Civil War |
|
|
Term
| When did sectionalism first appear in the United States? |
|
Definition
| It started during the ratification process of the Constitution |
|
|
Term
| In concern with the 3/5 Compromise how were Blacks treated? What about Indentured servants? What about Indians? |
|
Definition
| Blacks (slaves) counted as 3/5 of a person. Indentured servants counted as a whole free person (I'm guessing because there weren't that many by this time). Indians (Natives) don't pay taxes so they don't count as a person at all, they aren't included. |
|
|
Term
| According to the 3/5 Compromise, do 3/5 of slaves count as citizens? Do representatives represent 3/5 of the slaves? |
|
Definition
| No, 3/5 of slaves are NOT citizens, 3/5 of them are just counted as being in the population, they are NOT citizens |
|
|
Term
| Why don't slaves count as citizens? |
|
Definition
Citizens can vote
in order to vote you must own land
slaves don't own land, they are property
Property can't own property |
|
|
Term
| What was the big dividing line between North and South? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the second compromise made? |
|
Definition
Compromise 1: 3/5 of slaves count
Compromise 2: choosing Washington D.C. as the capital
we will put the capital in the South if South agrees to pay off the National Debt due to their good credit |
|
|
Term
| T/F Some people loved George Washington so much they wanted him to be king of the United States. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Washington owned slaves. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Did Washington free his slaves? Did his wife free her slaves? When? |
|
Definition
Washington mentioned in his will that when his wife Martha dies he wants his slaves to be freed. On New Year's Day 1801 Washington's Slaves were free.
Washington's wife Martha who owned slaves independently from Washington did not free her slaves. |
|
|
Term
| T/F George Washington was a Massachusettian. |
|
Definition
| False, Washington was a Virginian |
|
|
Term
| When did some states begin to abolish slavery? Was this before the Constitution was ratified? Out of these states how did most of them "abolish" slavery. |
|
Definition
YES some states did abolish slavery before the Constitution was ratified
Massachusetts: 1780
Pennslyvania: 1780
Connecticut: 1784-1848
New York: 1785-1841
Most of these states didn't directly abolish slaves (except Massachusetts) but made laws such as a child of a slave is free. |
|
|
Term
| Which state directly abolished slavery? When? |
|
Definition
| Massachusetts abolished slavery in 1780 |
|
|
Term
| What does the Constitution say about slavery? |
|
Definition
1. Southern states can include 3/5 of their enslaved population when apportioning representatives and taxes
2. Congress cannot regulate the importation of "persons" (slavery) until 1808 (20 years after the Constitution)
#1 appeals to the Southern states, gives them advantage, doesn't help small Northern states at all because it actually hurts them
#2 appeals to the Northern states because founders believe it would eventually end slavery |
|
|
Term
| T/F Thomas Jefferson never freed his own slaves. |
|
Definition
| True, despite the fact that he was the one who enacted the American Prohibition of oceanic slave trade in 1808 |
|
|
Term
| T/F Founders of the Constitution did not attempt to end slavery. |
|
Definition
False, founders of the Constitution DID try to end slavery, just through GRADUAL means:
1808 stop (or put restrictions) the Atlantic Slave Trade, founders believe that if you cut the source of slaves slaves would eventually die out |
|
|
Term
| T/f The Founders' plan for ending slavery eventually worked. |
|
Definition
| False, slavery numbers grew exponentially after 1808 when restrictions were put on the slave trade. |
|
|
Term
| T/F There were no slaves and no Blacks in Massachusetts after 1780. |
|
Definition
| False, there were NO slaves but there were still Blacks in Massachusetts |
|
|
Term
| T/F Just because Massachusetts doesn't like slavery does not mean they like Black people. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did despite the restrictions on the Atlantic Slave trade after 1808 did slavery expand? |
|
Definition
1. technological change: (particular agricultural) Whitney's cotton gin
2. demographics: (population growth) growth of slave population in Virginia and Maryland makes possible Domestic Slave Trade (internal system in which labor needs in the South are met) |
|
|
Term
| T/F Along with tobacco, cotton was initially grown in great amounts. |
|
Definition
| False, initially there was no demand for cotton (British people initially wore wool) and cotton was very costly to produce because it required a lot of labor to pull the seeds apart. |
|
|
Term
| What were the different types of cotton found in America? |
|
Definition
Primarily “Long-Staple” cotton; grew only in the temperate “low-country” of Georgia and South Carolina.
-This was one of the few types that easily grew in the area. It also had the benefit of being easily pulled into threads and cloth. (Fibers are easily separated from the seeds.)
“Short-staple” cotton grows much more readily throughout the South, but...
-It is very hard to pull the fibers from the seeds. |
|
|
Term
| T/F Founders of the constitution believed that everybody should be free. |
|
Definition
False, they didn't want everybody to be fee, they didn't want everyone to be able to participate in politics
they wanted white men to still be more powerful than children and women
they didn't want white men with no land, women, children, and Blacks to be involved in poliitcs |
|
|
Term
| T/f Dominant crop in Virginia in the Colonial era was tobacco. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Between 1760 and 1801 half of all cotton textiles manufactured in Britain are exported to the colonies, due to textile machines being much cheaper than to pay labor for cotton due to how much labor cotton requires. Basically the cost of transportation was less than the cost of labor required. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who invented the cotton gin? When? What did it do? |
|
Definition
Eli Whitney, in 1794
cotton gin enables Americans to cost effectively produce cotton:
Made it economical to grow short-staple cotton. Now the seeds could be readily separated |
|
|
Term
| T/F The Second Middle Passage involved migrating slaves across the Atlantic. |
|
Definition
| FALSE!, that was the FIRST middle passage, The Second Middle passage involved transporting slaves from the upper south of America (Virginia, the Chesapeake, the upper south) to deep south |
|
|
Term
| What was the First Middle Passage? What was the Second Middle Passage? Notice the DIFFERENCE |
|
Definition
The First Middle Passage: initial forced migration of slaves from Africa to America
The Second Middle Passage: the forced migration of tens of thousands of slaves from the Chesapeake and coastal South to the Deep South |
|
|
Term
| Instead of growing tobacco what did Virginia began to grow? (not asking what they exported, I'm asking what crop they grew) |
|
Definition
| They grew corn which was much less labor intensive than tobacco |
|
|
Term
| T/F Most Virginia plantations in the late 18th century, 19th century barely had enough slaves to maintain their crops. |
|
Definition
| False: most Virginia plantations in this later time period had more slaves than they needed (hence they began to export them) |
|
|
Term
| Why was the Second Middle Passage able to occur? Didn't in 1808 the Atlantic Slave Trade end like the constitution dictated, so how is there enough slaves for this to occur? |
|
Definition
- slave populations in Virginia and Maryland grew by TWO THIRDS.
- meanwhile tobacco production plummets due to soil exhaustion
- instead of producing tobacco Virginia is now producing corn which is much less labor intensive than tobacco meaning Virginia has more slaves than they need |
|
|
Term
| T/F Second Middle Passage broke apart slave families which was a new thing at the time. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whats the Domestic Slave Trade? |
|
Definition
Second Middle Passage of slaves
internal system in which labor needs in the South are met by transporting slaves from Chesapeake, Virginia where there is an abundant of slaves to the deep south where slaves are needed to run the cotton gins |
|
|
Term
| T/F The population of slaves in Virginia is growing faster as the need for slave labor is decreasing, thus creating a surplus of slaves in Virginia and Maryland. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Virginia and Maryland knew that they would have a surplus of slaves that they would be able to later sell to the deep south, that's why they ratified the Constitution even though they knew it would end the Atlantic Slave trade in 1808. |
|
Definition
| False, Virginia and Maryland could not have guessed that cotton would replace tobacco. Plus they Whitney's cotton gin was created after the Constitution was ratified so they couldn't have known about that either. |
|
|
Term
| Which was the first state to abolish slavery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F There was slavery in colonial Massachusetts. |
|
Definition
True, colonial is before the Revolutionary war I'm pretty sure, Massachusetts didn't make slavery illegal until 1780
granted only 2% of the population in the colonial Massachusetts were slaves but in the colonial era there was some slaves in Massachusetts until 1780 |
|
|
Term
| T/F Sectionalism was present in the United States from its very beginning. |
|
Definition
True
later it just becomes more evident with:
Massachusetts: no slavery
Virginia: slavery
but even before all of this sectionalism was still present since the very beginning |
|
|
Term
| What two transformations occur in Massachusetts during 1790-1850? |
|
Definition
1. Industrial Revolution (stole technology from England, women laborers)
2. The Growth of Abolitionism |
|
|
Term
| T/F The founding fathers were abolitionists. |
|
Definition
FALSE, the founding fathers were GRADUALISTS, they wanted to slavery to end in a gradual manner
abolitionists are much more radical, they want slavery to end immediately |
|
|
Term
| T/F Abraham Lincoln was an abolitionist. |
|
Definition
| False, he was a gradualist |
|
|
Term
| Whats the difference between an abolitionist and a gradualist? |
|
Definition
An abolitionist is much more radical and they want slavery to end immediately
A gradualist wants slavery to end gradually |
|
|
Term
| What is the first example of espionage in America? |
|
Definition
| Samuel Slater illegally gave Britain's textile technology to America. |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Industrial Revolution being? |
|
Definition
| South of Massachusetts in Pawtucket, Rhode Island |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Samuel Slater was an industrial worker (factory worker) in Britain. - Britain did not want to share its technology with Americans so they forbade their industry workers from leaving England - Slater disguised himself as a farmer and traveled to America with all of his knowledge about Britain's textile industry. - Slater's mill in America converted cotton to thread, it did NOT actually make fabric, the thread still needs to be converted to fabric which Slater's mill did not do |
|
|
Term
| What were Samuel Slater's 2 main problems that occurred with his mill? |
|
Definition
1. The factory only makes thread. The thread still has to be woven into Fabric. Slater's mill lacked the technology to do this.
2. Where do you get workers for this factory? |
|
|
Term
| Did British have the same two problems that Slater had? |
|
Definition
No
1. British factories had the technology to turn the cotton into cloth, so colonists could just buy the cloth from British cheaply so why would they want to buy Slater's mere thread that they would then have to weave into fabric themselves
2. Britain's population grew enabling them to have workers for their factories due to the increased number of unemployed people from the population growth |
|
|
Term
| How did Francis Cabot Lowell solve the two problems that faced Samuel Slater? |
|
Definition
1. he stole the technology from Britain (this was the easier problem to solve)
2. He hired young women in their early 20s to work in his factory |
|
|
Term
| Who and what age were the people that worked in Lowell's factory? |
|
Definition
| young women in their young 20s |
|
|
Term
| Why did Lowell hire woman? How did he convince the young women's fathers to let them come to his factory? |
|
Definition
He hired women because women could not own property, most jobs were exclusive to men, not many jobs available for women in cities, thus you had this huge source of people unemployed
- fathers were unwilling to allow their daughters to go to the city, so Lowell lured them by explaining how he will pay the daughters, house them, educate them (Bible studies) |
|
|
Term
| After Lowell stole the technology to make fabric from Britain what happened to fabric prices in America? |
|
Definition
| Initially Britain had the lowest prices but eventually once America had Britain's technology (which Francis Cabot Lowell stole) they could produce fabric as cheaply as Britain but they don't have to pay transportation costs thus eventually giving America the lower prices once they stole the technology from Britain. |
|
|
Term
T/F 17th century things built in the house
18th century things built in factories. |
|
Definition
False, because 18th century= 1700s
18th century (1700s) things built in the house
19th century (1800s) things built in factories
included this to emphasize century time periods |
|
|
Term
| T/F The second half of this class we were mostly talking about events that took place during Antebellum period. |
|
Definition
True
Ante-Bellem means "before the war" in this case it means before the Civil War
according to Wikipedia the Antebellum period is the time period after the Revolutionary war and before the Civil war |
|
|
Term
| T/F During the Antebellum period Virginia undergoes an industrial shift. |
|
Definition
False
During the antebellum period Massachusetts undergoes an industrial shift |
|
|
Term
| T/F New York was a boom town in the U.S., economically exploded in a good way. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the principal output in North's factory driven economy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did America get Britain's textile technology? |
|
Definition
| Industrial espionage, theft |
|
|
Term
| T/F Labor was a problem in the Colonial Era and Industrial era, labor has always been a problem throughout America's lifetime. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was labor not a problem in Britain? |
|
Definition
- had a huge population I believe
- Mainly though because it was illegal to be unemployed causing labor to not be a problem:
if you were unemployed in Britain you had 2 choices:
1. work in textile factory
2. be shipped to Australia (hostile environment)
this caused Britain factories to have an abundance of unskilled labor |
|
|
Term
| T/F Immigrants to America were more than willing to work in America's textile factories. |
|
Definition
False, immigrants end goal for traveling to the United States was to acquire land not work in a factory
if immigrants went far enough west land was unoccupied so thus they could settle there for free |
|
|
Term
| Who worked in Slater's factory mills? Who worked in Lowell's factory mills? |
|
Definition
immigrants, young women, respectively
- Slater offered immigrants wages and a place to stay if they work in New England (Massachusetts) factories for a set time period
- this is only a TEMPORARY solution, once immigrant's time period ends they moved West and thus you lose your labor
- Lowell recognized that young women were a much better and longer solution (look at another question) |
|
|
Term
| T/F Young men worked in Lowell's textile factories. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Lowell advertised the textile factory to women and their fathers as being a textile factory. |
|
Definition
False. Fathers of the daughters were afraid of the possible moral corruption of their daughters so Lowell's solution was to disguise the enterprise :
- advertised it as a moral and educational place:
- bible studies
- curfew
- required reading time
- similar to a girl's school |
|
|
Term
| T/F Lowell advertised his textile factory as being similar to a girl's school. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Slave South makes the cotton that the industrial North uses in their textile factories. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F American factories don't have as high as a transportation cost as Britain for getting their cotton. |
|
Definition
| True America can get its cotton from its South, Britain has to gets its cotton elsewhere |
|
|
Term
| T/F Despite slavery enabling them to get cotton for their factories, some Northerners still opposed slavery due to religion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Abolitionism is the same as anti-slavery. |
|
Definition
False, abolitionism is DIFFERENT from anti-slavery
abolitionism is more radical than just opposing slavery
abolitionism is different from gradualism
abolitionism doesn't want slavery to gradually end, it wants slavery to end immediately |
|
|
Term
| T/F Moby Dick is actually an analogy to slavery and cotton. |
|
Definition
True:
- Herman Melville, who hated slavery, sailed from New Bedford, Massachusetts, the same place Captain Ahab sails from
- Moby Dick is about crazy people who want to see their ideas go through so badly that they don't care who gets harmed in the process
- Why is the whale white? is it supposed to represent cotton in the South? are Southerners so focused on producing cotton they don't care who gets harmed (slaves) |
|
|
Term
| When did the first strike in America's history occur? Who striked? Why did it occur? What did the workers compare it to? |
|
Definition
1834, 1836
Women in Lowell's textile mills in Massachusetts went on strike
- Textile factories produce too efficiently and thus produced too many textiles
- more supply then demand thus causing the price of textiles to decrease
- in reaction to price decrease owners cut costs by lowering wages
- women saw this alternative to fair wages as being WAGE SLAVERY!!! |
|
|
Term
| T/F Men were the first laborers to strike. |
|
Definition
| False, women were, in particular young women |
|
|
Term
| Who is William Lloyd Garrision? |
|
Definition
a famous abolitionist
Founding Member of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society
Published an abolitionist paper called the Liberator in Boston from 1831-1865 |
|
|
Term
| Who founded the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Were Garrison and Douglass only the abolitionists? |
|
Definition
No of course not there were others:
Sarah Parker Remond and her brother Lemmox Remond, free Africans born in Salem, Mass. |
|
|
Term
| T/F Massachusetts was a safe place for African Americans. |
|
Definition
| False, just because white people don't like slavery doesn't mean they like Blacks, many people were racist Plus due to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 southerners were able to recapture runaway slaves even in free states |
|
|
Term
| How did the immigrants treat Blacks in Massachusetts? |
|
Definition
| Immigrants in Massachusetts beat up blacks because they didn't like competing with the Blacks for jobs |
|
|
Term
| What was the Boston Vigilance Committee? |
|
Definition
| The Boston Vigilance Committee consisted of Blacks AND whites determined to prevent runaways from being recaptured and forced back to slavery |
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Term
| T/F The absence of slavery means the absence of racism. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 main things empires do? Did both Virginia and Massachusetts do these 2 things? |
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Definition
1. make colonies
2. create products that they export
so empires spread themselves around the world due to:
1. being literally spreading out and 2. figuratively spreading
YES both Virginia and Massachusetts did both of these things |
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Term
| In the 19th century what were Massachusetts and Virginia's primary export? |
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Definition
Massachusetts created textiles
You can't grow cotton in Virginia due to its weather, tobacco can no longer be grown in Virginia due to soil losing its nutrients
so Virginia's primary export was its slaves |
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Term
| T/F In the 19th century Massachusetts primary export was textiles and Virginia's primary export was cotton due to soil no longer having the nutrients for tobacco. |
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Definition
| FALSE, Massachusetts primary export was textiles but Virgina's weather prevents cotton from being grown there, Virginia's primary export was SLAVES |
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Term
| Virginia and Massachusetts were able to coexist with each other for nearly 80 years due to Compromises. When was the first compromise made? |
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Definition
When the Constitution was being ratified
1787: 3/5ths Compromise |
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Term
| T/F Like Russia, America in the Antebellum period was able to expand relatively freely due to having vast unoccupied land. |
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Definition
| True, i'm guessing Natives were kicked out of their land by this time |
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Term
| What year(s) was the Missouri Compromise made in and what did it state? |
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Definition
1819-1820
Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state
any state below southern Missouri line will be passed as a slave state, any state above Missouri line will be passed as a free state, Missouri is in the middle of that line so it should've been a free state but they instead said they would make it a slave state and to balance it out Maine would be a free state |
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Term
| When did the Mexican American War occur? What did it result in, and what problem did it create? what was the solution? |
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Definition
1846-1848
United States annexed Texas and New Mexico.
Should these two new territories be slave or free states.
Compromise of 1850: Texas was admitted as a slave state and I think New Mexico was a free state but I'm not really sure?
California was admitted as a free state but had a delegate represent slavery and one representing anti-slavery to balance it out
Notes say: at first Texas was a slave but eventually it would need to be free in order to maintain balance |
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Term
| T/F West Virginia existed in the Antebellum period. |
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Definition
| False, West Virgina was a product of the Civil War so thus West Virginia didn't exist in the Antebellum period (before the Civil War) |
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Term
| T/F There were no Kentucky or Ohio, it was all Virginia. |
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Definition
| True, Kentucky and Ohio were colonies that belonged to Virginia. |
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Term
| Who were the people responsible for preventing the meltdown of the Union before it actually did melt down? |
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Definition
The Great Triumvirate:
Henry Clay (KY)
Daniel Webster (MA)
John C. Calhoun (SC)
the senators who from 1812-1852 engineered the compromises that held the Union together such as the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850 |
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Term
| What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? When was it enacted? |
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Definition
1854
the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise by allowing settlers in Kansas and Nebraska territory to vote themselves to allow slavery in their territories
- "POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY"
- basically said federal government did not have the right to declare a state to be a slave state or the free state, that right resided in the state itself
"Forcing slavery down the throat of a free soil" (remember the picture of a slave being forced into that guy's mouth |
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Term
| Republican Party came into existence because of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the Republicans (what groups did it consist of)? What were their slogan? What did they believe in? |
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Definition
1. Anti-slavery "Whigs" and "Democrats" fed up with Southern Dominance (also ex-Free soilers)
2. Free, working-class white men
consisted of mostly of Northern Democrats who opposed slavery
"Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men"
they believe slavery is bad for working people, harder to get a job with slaves work for free so why would they hire you? |
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Term
| T/F The main reason why Republican Party opposed slavery is because slavery is morally wrong. |
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Definition
False, although for some Republicans that might be true that isn't the main reason, there are 2
1. If slavery was allowed to grow the free white men would suffer because slaves would take their jobs, why pay someone when you can have a Black work for free?
2. they fear if slavery grew Southern states would have too much power |
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Term
| T/F Congress did not like slavery because it was morally wrong. |
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Definition
| False, though for some Congressmen I am sure this is true but this isn't the main reason why Congress did not like slavery main reason: they feared Southern States would have all of the control of Congress due to their massive populations of slaves (even with the 3/5 compromise being in place) |
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Term
| T/F Union began to collapse before the Civil War starts, it did finally collapse when Lincoln was elected. |
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Definition
True, from the very beginning Sectionalism occurred in the Union, the only reason why it held together for so long is because of Compromises
with the election of Lincoln, the first openly opposed slavery president the fragile Union finally collapsed |
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Term
| T/F The United States was NEVER truly United. |
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Definition
| True, that is the whole point of this course |
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Term
| When was Lincoln elected? What happened when he was elected and why did this happen? |
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Definition
| Lincoln became president in 1860 and the Union collapsed because he was the first president to openly oppose slavery. |
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Term
| When was the first time a state threatened to secede from the Union? |
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Definition
when the Constitution was being ratified
Northern states threatened to secede because of the whole should slaves count as part of the population.
The only reason why they didn't is because of the 3/5 compromise. |
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Term
| When was the Constitution ratified? When was the 3/5 compromise passed? |
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Definition
3/5 Compromise passed in 1787
Constitution ratified in 1789 |
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Term
| Described the South Carolina Nullification Crisis and when did it occurred? |
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Definition
1832-1833
- South Carolina declares federal tariffs unconstitutional and refuses to accept them
- effectively South Carolina is rejecting supremacy of Federal Legislation
- South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union
- 1833 Congress passes the "Force Bill" allowing President Jackson to use military to enforce Federal Law in South Carolina |
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Term
| When did South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union and why? |
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Definition
| 1832-1833 due to South Carolina Nullification Crisis: didn't want to pay federal tariffs |
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Term
| What were the 2 things that saved the Union? |
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Definition
1. Compromises (3/5 Compromise, Missouri Compromises, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act)
2. Federal Authority (Federalism)
Federalism: federal government authority (a new Federal Empire?) |
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Term
| What were the 2 things that saved the Union? |
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Definition
1. Compromises (3/5 Compromise, Missouri Compromises, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act)
2. Federal Authority (Federalism)
Federalism: federal government authority (a new Federal Empire?) |
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Term
| Why did the Union finally collapsed? |
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Definition
| Abraham Lincoln, the first president to openly proclaim his hostility to slavery, was elected to be President. |
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Term
| Why did the Union finally collapsed? |
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Definition
Abraham Lincoln, the first president to openly proclaim his hostility to slavery, was elected to be President.
Politicians before Lincoln knew that slavery was a dividing factor but they avoided it due to fear of igniting a war. Lincoln was the first to address this taboo subject. |
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Term
| T/F Lincoln was elected as a third party candidate? |
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Definition
| True, Republicans at the time were a third party, eventually due to their free platform they became a first party like the Democrats |
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Term
| T/F Lincoln was part of the Republican Party. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Lincoln was an abolitionist. |
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Definition
| False, he was a gradualist |
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Term
| T/F Lincoln was a gradualist. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Lincoln supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act. |
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Definition
False, he totally rejected it.
Lincoln wanted to prevent slavery from expanding, he thought if you could contain slavery it would eventually die out, the Kansas-Nebraska act enables slavery to expand so thus Lincoln obviously rejected it. |
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Term
| T/F Lincoln came into office planning to eradicate slavery. |
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Definition
| FALSE, he didn't want to eradicate it, he just wanted to stop it from expanding |
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Term
| What were Lincoln's views on slavery? Why did he oppose slavery? |
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Definition
Lincoln opposed slavery because he knew that United States could never be united with it. He believed that we couldn't exist as half free and half slaved. Lincoln believe that in order for us to be united we had to be all of one way or the other.
believed we had 2 options:
1. stop it from spreading
2. let it spread and destroy us
Lincoln believed that ending slavery was too complicated so instead he wanted to keep it from expanding
Lincoln believed that if we could stop slavery from expanding it would eventually die out |
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Term
| T/F Lincoln failed to gain a single electoral vote in ten of sixteen slave states. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Lincoln won every free state. |
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Definition
| False, Lincoln won every free state EXCEPT New Jersey. |
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Term
| T/F Before Lincoln's election, never before has a presidential election held such vast different results from North and South. |
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Definition
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Term
| How were Lincoln's views on slavery similar to the Founder's views on slavery? |
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Definition
They were both gradualists:
Founders believed that if you cut the source of slavery (The Atlantic Slave Trade) slavery would eventually die out.
Lincoln believed that if you isolated slavery (kept it from expanding) it would eventually die out. |
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Term
| How were Lincoln's views on slavery similar to the Founder's views on slavery? |
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Definition
They were both gradualists:
Founders believed that if you cut the source of slavery (The Atlantic Slave Trade) slavery would eventually die out.
Lincoln believed that if you isolated slavery (kept it from expanding) it would eventually die out. |
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Term
| When was the Confederate Constitution ratified and how is it different from the United States Constitution. |
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Definition
March 11, 1861
- almost identical to the U.S. constitution but explicitly affirms the individual's "right of property in negro slaves"
- kept the 3/5 rule
- Fugitive Slave law was a constitutional law in the Confederate Constitution (if a slave escaped to a free state that slave is still a slave and can be captured and return to their owner |
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Term
| T/F Southern states individually seceded form the Union. |
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Definition
| False, the seceded all at once, they seceded unitedly |
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Term
| T/F Southern Constitution kept the 3/5 rule, of counting slaves as 3/5 of a person for counting representation. |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the major difference between the United States constitution and the Confederate Constitution? |
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Definition
In the Confederate constitution the Fugitive Slave Act was made into a constitutional law
Fugitive Slave Law: if a slave escaped into a free state that slave is still a slave and can be captured and return to their owner |
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Term
| Why was Lincoln able to pass the Emancipation Proclamation? What type of law is the Emancipation Proclamation (badly worded)? Why did Lincoln pass it? |
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Definition
The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order, normally the Constitution wouldn't allow it to be passed but because the United States was at war (the Civil War) he was able to pass it
Lincoln passed it because the North was not doing too well and Lincoln hoped the Emancipation Proclamation would weaken the South. |
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Term
| T/F Emancipation Proclamation outlawed slavery everywhere. |
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Definition
| FALSE, just declared that unfree people in those states that OPPOSED the Union (mostly Southern states) were free in view point of the Union notice that this does not include the border states and the few Northern states that still allowed slavery. |
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Term
| Why didn't Lincoln free everybody with the Emancipation Proclamation? |
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Definition
Lincoln didn't free everybody (only the unfree people in the states that opposed the Union) because he was afraid that if he freed everybody he would lose the boarder states, he was afraid they would secede
the North was already losing so Lincoln definitely did not want the boarder states to secede |
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Term
| T/F 13th Amendment abolished slavery everywhere. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Lincoln made sure Congress passed the 13th Amendment. |
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Definition
| False, Lincoln didn't get to see it passed, he was assassinated in April of the same year |
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Term
| When did the American Revolution end? |
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Definition
| When the Civil War began 1861, Civil War ended 1865 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Douglass and other freed blacks influenced Lincoln and changed his view on slavery, Lincoln became slightly more radical. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one freed all slaves: Emancipation Proclamation or 13th Amendment. |
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Definition
| 13 Amendment 1865, right after the Civil War |
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Term
| T/F Emancipation Proclamation freed all the slaves. |
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Definition
| False, just the unfree people in the states that opposed the Union, this does not include the boarder states and the few Northern states who still allowed slavery |
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Term
| What did the 9th Federal Government Census revealed? When did it come out? |
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Definition
1870, revealed that after the Civil War there was greater wealth in Northern states and less wealth in Southern states
it also revealed there were more Blacks in the North and more crops in the South |
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Term
| T/F Civil War united the United States. |
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Definition
| False, even after the Civil War the North and South were still different places, U.S. was not united |
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Term
| T/F American Revolution united the United States. |
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Definition
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Term
| Can't think of a question so just skim the notes on the last page of your notes that you took in section |
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Definition
| skim your last session notes, do it right now don't proscinate |
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Term
| T/F It is actually more efficient to have a society with slaves than to have a slave society. |
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Definition
| True, slave societies are inefficient because you waste too much time and resources in maintaining the slaves and making sure they don't escape |
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Term
| What is "soldier of fortune vs. Pious well educated attorney" referring to? |
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Definition
| John Smith the governor of Virginia and John Winthrop the governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony |
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Term
| T/F Labor was a problem for America since its very beginnings. |
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Definition
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Term
| I think: Was Douglass involved in the First or Second Middle Passage? |
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Definition
| The Second Middle Passage |
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Term
| T/F AT least 1/2 of all European immigrants to Colonial North America came as indentured servants. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Percentage of slaves in 1750 were lower than in 1729. |
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Definition
| False number of slaves increased dramatically not decreased |
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Term
| How many years apart was the founding of Jamestown to the Declaration of Independence? How many years apart was it from World War 2 to present? |
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Definition
169 years between founding of Jamestown and Declaration of Independence
65 years between World War 2 and present
almost 3 times as much time |
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Term
| T/F In the colonial era there were no indentured servants in Massachusetts. |
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Definition
| False, there were both slaves and indentured servants in Massachusetts, just nowhere near as many as in Virginia |
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Term
T/F Most slaves were move from:
England transported the slaves initially from Africa---West Indies (Jamaica)---Maryland---Chesapeake Virginia---few to Massachusetts. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When did Virginia become a slave society? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Most white in the colonial era were rich. |
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Definition
| False most were poor, due to the fact that in order to become wealthy one must have labor/slaves which is expensive (despite all the factors that made it cheaper than indentured servants) , so thus richer who are able to buy slaves get richer and poorer get poorer |
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