Term
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Definition
Cimabue
Madonna Enthroned
1280-90- 13th century
Tempera on Panel
guilding
hieratic scale
awkward perspective |
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Term
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Definition
Duccio
Madonna and Child Enthroned
1308-11- 14th Century
Tempera on Panel
center of the Maestá Altarpiece
guilding
hieratic scale
saints with attributes |
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Term
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Definition
Duccio
Annunciation of the Death of the Virgin
1308-11- 14th century
Tempera on panel
tries to create believable interior |
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Term
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Definition
Duccio
Entry of Christ into Jerusalem
1308-11- 14th Century
tempera on panel
lively scene
awkward perspective |
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Term
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Definition
Giotto
Entry of Christ into Jerusalem
1305-1306
fresco- tempera medium in wet plaster
revolutionary turning point
eliminates the superfluous
mystery, visual clarity |
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Term
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Definition
Giotto
The Lamentation Scene (Deposition Scene)
1305-06- 14th Century
Diagonal- leads the eye to Christ
cool and blank palette
figures have density
activity in successive positions
cherubs-tantrums |
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Term
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Definition
Giotto
Madonnna and Child Enthroned
1310
tempera on panel
hieratic
better perspective |
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Term
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Definition
Pietro Lorenzetti
Birth of the Virgin
1342
architectural complexity
vanishing point, ceiling vaulting |
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Term
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Definition
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Allegories of Good and Bad Government
1340
well-run city
businesses- markets |
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Term
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Definition
Traini?
Triumph of Death
1325-50- 14th century
Aristocrats on horseback find dead people, disgusted
hermit says to behave |
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Term
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Definition
Donatello
St. Mark
1411-1413- 15th century
marble
draper's guild
robe in Roman style
winged lion
holding a book-authors of the New Testament
independent from architecture- UNLIKE jamb sculptures
contropossto
carved into niche |
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Term
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Definition
Donatello
St. George
1410-1420
marble
armorers' guild
stiffer pose
wrinkled brow, vigilant
pictorial relief below- kills dragon to save maiden |
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Term
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Definition
Donatello
The Feast of Herod
1425
Gilt bronze
for St. John the Baptist
2D
King of Judea given St. John's head on a platter
mostly high relief except for background
one-point perspective
follows orthogonals |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 most important theorists of the new linear perspective |
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Term
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Definition
Lorenzo Ghiberti
The Story of Jacob and Esau
1435- 15th century
Gilt bronze
panel of the Gates of Paradise- Florence baptistry
perfect perspective
continuous narrative
Issac blesses Jacob instead of Esau- is blind |
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Term
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Definition
Donatello
Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata
1445-1450- 15th century
bronze
Paduan mercenary
horses hoof stands on orb-stands for the earth
determined look- horse looks savage |
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Term
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Definition
a way Renaissance Christians justified their interest in Pagan art
said it is a prefiguration for Christian art |
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Term
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Definition
Donatello
David
1420s-1460s- 15th century
bronze
Medici palace
sword and rock in his hand and a slingshot
standing on Goliath's head
"small but powerful" Florence defeats Milan- Goliath
strangely feminized figure |
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Term
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Definition
Donatello
Mary Magdalen
1430-50- 15th century
polychrome and gold on wood
devout martyr in the desert
relied on beauty and is now run-down
overcoming materialism-transcendental soul |
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Term
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Definition
Masaccio
The Trinity
1425
Fresco
God, Jesus and the dove of the Holy Ghost
triangular composition
projected space-barrel vault
pilasters- Corinthian and Ionic columns
pietra serena and coffers
skeleton under image, "What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become." |
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Term
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Definition
Massacio
The Tribute Money
1425
fresco
Pietro-rock- on which chapel stands
continuous narrative
Come to Jesus to ask what to do with taxes, Peter opens fish's mouth and find money, pay the taxman
figures have depth, contropossto
Aerial/atmospheric perspective |
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Term
| Aerial/ Atmospheric perspective |
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Definition
| high contrast is in foreground, low-contrast is in background |
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Term
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Definition
Massacio
The Expulsion from Paradise
1425- 15th century
fresco
Adam and Eve cast out of paradise
heaving with sobs- diaphragms |
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Term
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Definition
Massacio
Madonna and Child
1426
tempera on panel
hieratic scale
golden light
fore-shortening
lute and body of angel recede into space
baby looks like a baby |
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Term
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Definition
| perspective as applied to organic/human forms |
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Term
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Definition
Fra Angelico
Annunciation
1440-1445
fresco
Virgin is told she will give birth
beautiful perspective/ vaulting
Corinthian column separates Mary and the angel
closed figures
"Say Ave Maria" when passing painting-ironic monks cannot have children
more primitive than Massacio but better than Duccio |
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Term
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Definition
Andrea del Castagno
The Last Supper
1445-50- 15th Century
fresco
made for refectory-dining room of a convent
Judas is isolated-no mystery
trompe l'oeil- indoor outdoor
storming panel |
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Term
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Definition
Antonio Pollaiuolo
Battle of the Ten Nudes
engraving into metal
1465-1470- 15th century
primitive man, fierce, in jungle
renders humans in complicated poses |
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Term
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Definition
Paolo Ucello
Battle of San Romano
1438- 15th century
tempera and oil on wood panel
battle between Florence and Lucca
primitive perspective
late Gothic style- colorful and aristocratic |
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Term
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Definition
Botticelli
The Birth of Venus
1485
tempera on panel
Venus- born on the sea comes towards land
Zephyr god of wind blows her to land
not much depth |
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Term
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Definition
monk who starts to tell Florentines they are painting too many pagan stories
Medici burns him on stake |
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Term
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Definition
Domenico Ghirlandaio
An Old Man and a Young Boy
1480
tempera and oil on wood
realism- sweetness between an unreal type and a child
parallels the landscape |
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Term
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Definition
Pierro della Francesca
The Resurrection
1463
fresco
tomb is guarded by Roman soldiers
Christ emerges, triumphant |
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Term
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Definition
Pierro della Francesca
Enthroned Madonna and Saints
1472-1474- 15th century
oil on panel
Virgin in center
marble, rosettes, egg(resurrection) hanging from ceiling
death painting of Federico Mantefeltro |
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Term
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Definition
Brunelleschi
Duomo
octagonal structure-baptistry- 6th or 7th century
campagnolo- bell tower
dispute: Guelphs (supported by papacy) and Ghibellines(Holy Roman Empire)
Basilican plan- long shed type roof, top of the nave
Dome/Cupola- competitive sport
facade-1875 reconstructed by Americans, Brits and Russians |
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Term
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Definition
Filippo Brunelleschi
Ospedale Degli Innocenti
1421
New Testament Herod kills innocents
roundels-babies
porch, vaulted arches
Lucca della Robbia
testament to Florence becoming more public, open
fluted pilasters
grey stone- pietra serena |
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Term
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Definition
Brunelleschi
Church of San Lorenzo
1421-1469
intimate and small
Medici family church
coffered roofs, no soaring Gothic spaces
columns, pilasters, pietra serena
treasures- Donatello and bronzes |
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Term
| Church of San Lorenzo- parts |
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Definition
very Roman
nave-main part
2 side aisles
chapel- little private places- families pay
crossing- dome between nave and transept
choir- in back of dome
new sacristy- Medici chapel
sacristy- location of treasures
a lot of repitition |
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Term
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Definition
Micholozzo
1429
porch like arch of constantine
entablature over columns, broken by arch
fake windows
regular geometry
roundels- della Robbia
pietra serena, pilasters
dome rests on 4 arches |
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Term
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Definition
Palazzo Medici-Riccardi Michelozzo
1434
First palace of the Florentine building boom
domestic house- expresses wealth and prestige
not inviting
articulated stone- carved and stuck on bricks
banco/bench against sides
rounded arches
2nd floor less rusticated or fortified
topped by corness
added 7 bays
courtyard inside
ashlar- sandy stone( Florence known as sea of stone) |
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Term
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Definition
Russolino or Alberti?
1450's
7 bays- unfinished facade
mid-block house
pilasters, doric, ionic and corinthian |
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Term
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Definition
Alberti
Leon Battista
Treatise on Architecture
1472
Mantova
colossal order, column has a base
more theatrical, less rationed, gargantuan
unresolved arch on top
nave is not as large as facade in reality
built to house a relic |
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Term
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Definition
Andrea Mantegna
St. Sebastian
1450's
tempera on panel
an early Christian martyr
tied to one side of a Roman column
powerful exampled of classic forms
fragments of Roman empire lying around
plants grow up side of arch- symbolize of new Christianity growing over pagan traditions
athlete figure
natural light, horse and rider in clouds |
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Term
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Definition
Andrea Mantegna
Camera Picta
1465-1475
Gonzaga family ducal palace
trompe l'oeil-oculous
amazing perspective and foreshortening
babies and falling plants |
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Term
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Definition
Verrocchio
Equestrian Statue to Colleoni
1483-1488
saves the town of Venice |
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Term
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Definition
Giovanni Bellini
St. Francis in Ecstasy
1480
oil and tempera on panel
monk, cell built into side of a cave
skull- brevity of live
veritas image- reminiscent of vanity
memento mori- reminders of death
takes of clogs- walks onto sacred ground- into sunlight
receiving stigmata of Christ- ode to the sun |
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Term
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Definition
Pietro Perugino
The Delivery of the Keys
1482
Jesus Christ hands Peter the keys to heave(first pope)
disciples in foreground
middleground- story of the tribute money
central plan church
vanishing point |
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Term
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Definition
Leonardo
Vitruvian Man
1487
pen and ink on paper or vellum
geometry
man is the center of the world, measure of all things
cannon and proportion
geometry united with human figure |
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Term
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Definition
Leonardo
Project for a church
1490
red ink(sanguine)
central plan for a church |
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Term
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Definition
Leonardo
Adoration of the Magi
1471-1482
people are drawn miraculously to things
kings bow down to Christ
master of tonal shading- chiaro scuro
light and shadow |
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Term
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Definition
Leonardo
The Last Supper
1495-1498
oil and tempera on fresco
convent in a refectory
Judas is not isolated- mystery
deep space, 3 walls, natural light
naturalistic halo of light behind Jesus |
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Term
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Definition
Leonardo
The Mona Lisa
1503-1505
tonal modeling
subtle and beautiful transitions
chiaro scuro- sfumato
subtle, mysterious expression |
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Term
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Definition
Raffaelo Sanzio- Raphael
La Belle Jardinére
1507
oil on panel
least eccentric and least tormented
sweetness and pleasantness of Mother and Child
beautiful gardener, landscape
St. John the Baptist admiring Christ
triangular or pyramidical composition
no forewarning
normative, bright and light in tone |
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Term
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Definition
Raphael
Disputá
1508-1511 16th century
stanza della signatura
fresco
scene of wisdom and world knowledge- theologians disputing the Eucharist |
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Term
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Definition
Raphael
School of Athens
1508-1511
fresco
philosophical debate and mathematicians
group of people on stairs
resembles St. Peter's Basilica
academic procession |
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Term
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Definition
Raphael
Triumph of Galatea
1513
sea nymph riding dolphin chariot- made of a sea shell
mermen, tritons going after/ raping women, blowing horns
Galatea looks at platonic love
mythological/human activity
puti angels |
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Term
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Definition
Raphael
Judgement of Paris
1510-1520
Engraving- Ramondi
Paris has to choose the most beautiful goddess- chooses Aphrodite
grants him any woman- chooses Helen of Troy and starts the Trojan war |
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Term
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Definition
Bramante
Tempietto
1502/1511
site where St. Peter was crucified
small, round structure
circular colonnade
triglyphs- vertical lines
medipes- illustrated squares
balustrade- little fence around balcony
dome with lantern on top
stands on a large base/ podium
suggestive of Pantheon antiquity
thick wall on top with niches |
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Term
| Bramante's plans for St. Peter's |
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Definition
1506
too much going on
perfectly symmetrical
possibly 12 domes
Campanile at every corner |
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Term
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Definition
Michelangelo
Campidoglio- Capitaline Hill
1545
town square on hill
flat stairs lead up to it
building on either sides and beautiful pavements
statue of Marcus Aurelius in center on horseback
portecos |
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Term
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Definition
MIchelangelo
Laurentian Library
1523
commissioned by Medici
vestibule- 3 stairways
arabesques on side of stairs- imitate fountain gardens
pietra serena
engaged columns buried in walls- held up by brackets
blind windows
inspiration of past
triangular pediments |
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Term
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Definition
Michelangelo
Pietá
1498
moment after crucifixion
Mary looks young
St. Peter's Basilica
pure- stays beautiful
Mary's lap is deep and large
sad but not contorted
wonderful flesh-distinct from garments
Jesus is at peace, has wounds and a sly smile |
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Term
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Definition
Michelangelo
David
1501-1504
intentionally classicized
looks like a Greek/Roman god
no Goliath head, less anecdoted
ideal form- Helenistic sculpture
exaggerated features- hands, height
vigilant face
cornice like hair, shades brow |
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Term
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Definition
Michelangelo
Moses
1513-1515
marble
has horns
bearded- Old Testament
remarkable, seated figure |
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Term
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Definition
Michelangelo
Awakening slave
1525
marble
unfinished
smooth and rough contrast
releases soul from the imprisonment of the body
available energy but not its own entity |
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Term
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Definition
Michelangelo
Medici Tombs
1519-1534
unfinished
heroic seated figure- Giuliano d'Medici
2 allegorical figures night and day |
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Term
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Definition
Michelangelo
Pietá for his own tomb
1546
awkward, discomfort, neo-medieval
Jesus is in hieratic scale |
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Term
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Definition
Michelangelo
The Libyan Sybil
1508-1512
Sistine Chapel Ceiling
seated, turned body
remarkable color
2 puti
drawing in red chalk- nude first then dressed |
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Term
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Definition
Michelangelo
The Fall of Man, The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden
1508-1512
Ignudi
Adam and Eve on left suggestive pose
on right are cast out as sinner-become ugly
desolate abrupt landscape on right
continuous narrative |
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Term
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Definition
Michelangelo
The Creation of Adam
1508-1512
God wooshing in- wearing timeless, lightweight clothes
has all potential humanity in his cloak, possibly even Eve
Adam looks limp- has not gotten spark yet |
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Term
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Definition
Michelangelo
Altar of Sistine Chapel
1508-1512
Scene of the last Judgement
cross of crucifixion carried by angels
left- good right-damned
good are rising to heaven up from graves
primitive men in caves
bad- falling to hell
Bartholomew's martyrdom- skinning alive, holding skin, might be the artist |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that aspires to the best/most correct |
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Term
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Definition
Rosso Fiorentino
Descent( Deposition) from the Cross
1521
oil on panel
Jesus Christ is discolored
Mannerist art
veers of the normative path
center is Jesus' feet
mundane activity-taking Christ down
slender, long physical types
sharp chiaro scuro- no softened edges
acidic colors |
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Term
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Definition
Jacopo da Pontormo
Descent from the Cross
1526
oil on panel
entombment
people in shock
soft, gentle curves
moan of pain, all is lost
beautiful colors
everyone looks like angels, en pointe |
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Term
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Definition
Bronzino
Eleonora de Toledo
1550
oil on panel
with son Giovanni
royal image
dynastic progression |
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Term
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Definition
Bronzino
Allegory of Venus
1546
oil on panel
iconography-subject matter
venus is fondled by cupid- incestuous
golden apple
everything pushed up to the picture plane |
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Term
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Definition
Giulio Romano
Palazzo del Te
1527-1534
for Gonzaga family
mannerist architecture
pediment on top of an arch
blind windows with pediments
vertical triglyphs and medipes, some slip down |
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Term
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Definition
Giulio Romano
Salone de Gigante
1530-1532
inside Palazzo del Te
gods expel giants from mt. Olympus |
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Term
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Definition
Correggio
Jupiter and Io
1532
oil on canvas
from Ovid's Metamorphoses
visits Io as a cloud- face kissing her
sfumato |
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Term
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Definition
Correggio
Assumption of the Virgin
1522-1530
fresco
trompe l'oeil
looks right into heaven
Virgin must be brought up by angels and puti |
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Term
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Definition
Parmigianino
Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror
1524
oil on canvas affixed to a convex panel
distortion, mannerism |
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Term
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Definition
Parmigianino
Madonna with the long neck
1535
oil on panel
Virgin looks like an aristocrat- hand like a sea anemone
long features
Christ is fashionably laid out
Michelangelo's influence
odd details on right- surreal |
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Term
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Definition
El Greco
The Burial of Count Orgaz
1586
oil on canvas on wall
lowering Count into Tomb- St. Stephen
soul is carried upward
long and slender forms
chiaro scuro and painterly quality |
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Term
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Definition
Giorgione
Pastoral Concert or Fete Champetre
1509-1510
oil on canvas
party in the pastures
men and nude women, playing instruments(muses)
shepherd association with making art
detailed landscape
play of light |
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Term
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Definition
Giorgione
The Tempest
1550
oil on canvas
nursing child with a nearby soldier
carnal love and beauty
woman seems modest
broken columns and wall
storm in the background
scientific way, interest in learning
impasto- thickly laid-in paint |
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Term
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Definition
Titian
Bacchanal
1518
oil on canvas
wild party, drunkenness, desire
Dyonesius and Bacchus- gods of wine
drinking in god
triangle lady in corner, takes up space
beautiful nature, trees
wine in center of composition
diagonal, activated |
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Term
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Definition
Titian
Pesaro Madonna and Child
1526
oil on canvas
Sacra Conversazzioni- Fathers of the church making conversation
St. Peter and Bishop of Cyprus
flag of a ducal family
Pesaro males on right
Virgin and baby hailing the family
2 babies above the cloud- foreshadowing
diagonals |
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Term
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Definition
Titian
The Venus of Urbino
1538
oil on canvas
courtesan
does not look virginal
classic image of female beauty- sensual allure- invitational |
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Term
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Definition
Titian
Rape of Europa
1559-1562
oil on canvas
Europa is a nymph, dresses bull which is Jupiter with friends
Jupiter grabs Europa and friends are left in background
finesse of dazzling colors |
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Term
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Definition
Tintoretto
The Last Supper
1594
oil on canvas
radical diagonal
servants in foreground are focus- fill up lower right
genre detail, scene- everyday life in art
angels emanating from gas from oil lamps |
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Term
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Definition
Palladio
San Giorgio Maggiore Church
1565
most important architect of the west
brick with white trim
facade is white stone marble, sides are brick
symmetrical like Florence
pilasters with Corinthian capitals
neo-Roman style
peculiar facade- superimposes one temple front on the other
Basilican plan
discrepancy between center and sides |
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Term
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Definition
Palladio
Villa Rotonda
1567
notable from 4 identical sides topped with dome
central plan house
Greek/Roman style |
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