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History of Art Terms
Terminology
104
Art History
Undergraduate 4
04/26/2013

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Term
Paleolithic
Definition
"Old Stone" 
Old Stone Age.
Term
Representation
Definition
"presenting again"
Presenting in a different form something that one has observed.
Term
Neolithic
Definition
New Stone Age.
Term
Profile View
Definition
Side view where the head, body, and all four legs are shown.
(mainly animals)
Term
Frontal View
Definition
View from front of figure,
showing head with most of body concealed.
Term
Three-Quarter View
Definition
Neither front or side of figure fully shown,
both angles partially shown.
Term
Prehistoric
Definition
Before written history
Term
Incise
(technique)
Definition
To scratch lines in material
(such as ivory or stone)
Term
Findspot
Definition
The location where an artifact is first discovered.
Term
Burin
(tool)
Definition
Pointed engraving tool made of stone.
Term
Naturalism
Definition
Style in which the work represents the natural world seen by the artist
(drawn as seen)
Term
Chisel
(tool)
Definition
tool to cut into flat stone (or surface) to create an image that appears to rise from the flat surface.
Term
Ground Line
Definition
Horizontal base of the composition. Painted or carved baseline on which figures appear to be standing on
Term
Mural
Definition
wall painting
Term
Twisted Perspective
or
Composite View
Definition
The figure is shown as mostly profile view, but also partly frontal view (usually the face or head, eg. side view of animal body, but face & both horns or ears showing).(usually used for animals)
Term
Optical Approach
Definition
When an artist views the subject from a fixed viewpoint.(note to self: insert clarification)
Term
Descriptive Viewpoint
Definition
The work is a description of what artist sees and not just merely a representation of what is seen.
Term
Bucranium
Definition
Bovine skulls
Term
Terracotta
Definition
baked clay
Term
Landscape
Definition
A natural setting portrayed as the subject matter in a work of art.
Term
Megalith
Definition
Great Stones. Very tall and heavy. Massive stones.
Term
Passive Grave
Definition
Tomb with long stone corridors.
Term
Tumulus
Definition
An earthen burial mound.
Term
Corbeled Vault
Definition
Vault formed by piling stone blocks until they form an arch.
Term
Post-and-Lintel
Definition
Two posts supporting the lintel.
Term
Apse
Definition
A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall of a building, commonly found at the east end of a church.
Term
Mesopotamia
Definition
Location of the Neolithic revolutions
"land between the rivers"
Term
Pictographs
Definition
Simple pictures that stand for words.
Term
Stylus
Definition
Sharp tool used to scratch into soft clay to form pictographs.
Term
Cuneiform
Definition
wedge shaped signs made up of pictographs
(the beginning of writing)
Term
Ziggurat
Definition
High platform that temples were built on to place them higher up to the gods.
Term
Bent-Axis-Plan
Definition
used in Sumerian temple.Stairway that changes direction 2 or 3 times toward the doorway.
Term
Cella
Definition
central hall in temple, alter
Term
Register/Frieze
Definition
"bands" on a vase or wall in a pictorial narrative, or the particular levels on which motifs are placed.
Term
Votive Offering
Definition
gift to deity made in fulfillment of a vow.
Term
Conceptual Representation
Definition
not recorded as seen but as understood
Term
Hierarchy of Scale
Definition
more important subject matters are show bigger or higher up in work
Term
Stele
Definition
carved stone slab to mark a historical event or grave
Term
Heraldic Composition
Definition
symmetrical objects on both sides of a central figure
Term
Cylinder Seal
Definition
small incised stone used to sign and seal documents
Term
Foreshortening
Definition
use of perspective to represent a subject matter projecting back into the space.
Term
Lamassu
Definition
colossal limestone monsters used to guard the gates. Winged bulls with human heads.
Term
Arcuated
Definition
arch shaped
Term
Apadana
Definition
royal audience hall, huge hall in citadel.The great audience hall in ancient Persian palaces.
Term
Tribute
Definition
processional frieze decorating the walls of an apadana to bring tribute to Persian kings.
Term
Iwan
Definition
huge brick audience hall in palace
Term
Vault
Definition
the cover over the iwan
Term
Blind Arcade
Definition
For decoration purposes. Series of arches against walls, no openings.
Term
Pharaoh
Definition
An ancient Egyptian King
Term
Papyrus
Definition
Plant in Egypt used to make paper, as well as paper with writing on it.
Term
Hieroglyphic
Definition
A system of writing using symbols
Term
Palette
Definition
Flat board with thumb hole, used by artists to mix colors
Term
Aerial View
Definition
(Bird's eye view) perspective from above or aerial position from which wcene is shown
Term
Mastaba
Definition
Arabic word for bench
Term
Amulet
Definition
an object worn to ward off evil, or to assist the wearer
Term
Necropolis
Definition
Greek "city of the dead"
Term
Column
Definition
vertical weight bearing architectural member,circular in cross section and consisting of a base (sometimes omitted),a shaft, and a capital (top).
Term
Capital
Definition
upper cap of a column
Term
Sphinx
Definition
Egyptian sculpture of a lion body and human head.
Term
Lotus
Definition
flower, symbol of United Egypt
Term
Nemes
Definition
Linen headdress worn by Pharaohs
Term
Uraeus
Definition
Corbra, symbol of pharaoh, the king
Term
Bilateral Symmetry
Definition
same forms on either side of a central axis.
Term
Realism
Definition
an artistic work shown from the viewpoint of the artist, as they see it.
Term
Canon
Definition
a rule of proportions, standard of beauty.
Term
Atlantid
Definition
male figure that functions as a support column.
Term
Caryatid
Definition
female form that functions as a support column
Term
Sanctuary
Definition
safe haven
Term
Sunken Relief
Definition
technique in sculpture, The main background has not been removed, only within the immediate vicinity of the sculpted form.
Term
Fresco
Definition
wall painting on wet plaster
Term
Naturalism
Definition
style based on close observation of the natural world around the artist.
Term
Cycladic Period
Definition
Prehistoric Greek civilization of the Cyclades, islands in the Aegean sea. Early Bronze age.
Term
Minoan Period
Definition
Prehistoric Greek civilization during the Bronze Age on the island of Crete in the Aegean Sea.
Term
Helladic Period
Definition
Prehistoric Greek civilization on the Greek mainland, Greece (Hellas is the Greek name for Greece)
Term
Fresco secco
Definition
painting on dry plastered walls
Term
Kamares Ware
Definition
pottery from the Minoan period of Crete. Characterized with red, blue, white on black background.
Term
Polychromy
Definition
use of many colors in creating art.
Term
Marine Style
Definition
Minoan pottery featuring creatures from the sea
Term
Faience
Definition
in sculpture: low fired opaque glass-like silicate
Term
Chryselephantine
Definition
use of gold and ivory in statuettes
Term
Repouss
Definition
mask making technique, single sheet of hammered metal, features pushed out from behind.
Term
Niello
Definition
black metallic alloy
Term
Krater
Definition
Greek wide mouth bowl used for mixing wine and water
Term
Meander
Definition
pattern around the rim of a krater (key)
Term
Geometric period
Definition
period of Greek art characterized by abstract geometric ornaments and schematic figures
Term
Mycenaean Period
Definition
Prehistoric art of the late Helladic period of Greece.
Term
Orientalizing period
Definition
Greek. Early phase of Archaic art that heavily adopted forms from Egypt and the Near East.
Term
Amphora
Definition
A two handled storage jar
Term
Slip
Definition
liquefied clay used to attach handles to the body of a vase.
Term
Glaze
Definition
pigment applied to pottery
Term
Siren
Definition
mythical creature part bird, part woman
Term
Black-Figure Painting
Definition
technique in pottery where the pot is painted black, then sharp instruments are used to incise lines and designs into surface
Term
Kore/Korai
Definition
maiden or goddess
Term
Abstraction
Definition
art that is not a reflection of the literal interpretation of the work
Term
Encaustic
Definition
technique where paint and hot wax are combined and applied to surface, while still hot, to adhere paint to surface
Term
Archaic Period
Definition
Start of the new age for Greece.
Term
Kouros/Kouroi
Definition
young man
Term
Archaic Smile
Definition
smile present on sculptures of figures during Archaic period. the smile is thought to indicate that the subject matter is portrayed as a living being.
Term
Cult Statue
Definition
statue of a deity in Greek temples used as the grandest votive offering
Term
Doric
Definition
one of the styles of Greek architecture featuring alternating triglyphs and metopes
Term
Ionic
Definition
style of Greek architecture characterized by the use of volutes
Term
Pediment
Definition
triangular space at the end of a building
Term
Metopes
Definition
square panel between triglyphs in a Doric frieze
Term
Metopes
Definition
square panel between triglyphs in a Doric frieze
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