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HIV
HIV Exam
75
Anatomy
Professional
02/05/2013
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Term
1.     Every year more than _____ million Americans are infected with STD’s.
 Definition
18 MILLION
Term
2.     The _____ is the number 1 industrialized nations in respect to the most cases of STD’s.
 Definition
UNITED STATES
Term
3.     The highest concentration of HIV spread is through _____.
 Definition
HOMOSEXUALITY
Term
4.     Which race is most commonly affected by HIV?
 Definition
AFRICAN AMERICANS
Term
5.     What was the number of people living with HIV in 2008?
 Definition
33.4 MILLION
Term
6.     How many newly infected HIV people were there in 2008?
 Definition
2.7 MILLION
Term
7.     How many AIDS deaths were there in 2008?
 Definition
2 MILLION
Term
8.     HIV infects the T helped cells because it has the protein _____ on its surface.
 Definition
CD4
Term
9.     HIV needs to use CD4 to enter the cells it infects. Once inside a T helper cell, HIV takes advantage of the cellular machinery to make _____.
 Definition
MANY COPIES OF ITSELF
Term
10.  HIV particles surround themselves with a coat of fatty material known as the _____.
 Definition
VIRAL ENVELOPE
Term
11.  Projecting from the viral envelope, there are 72 little spikes which are formed from the proteins _____ and _____.
 Definition
GP120 AND GP41
Term
12.  Just below the viral envelope is a layer called the matrix, which is made from the protein _____.
 Definition
P17
Term
13.  The viral core (or capsid) is usually bullet shaped, and is made from the protein _____.
 Definition
P24
Term
14.  Inside the core are these 3 enzymes required for HIV replication.
 Definition
1) REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE, 2) INTEGRASE, 3) PROTEASE
Term
15.  Also held within the core is HIV’s genetic material which consists of _____.
 Definition
2 IDENTICAL STRANDS OF RNA
Term
16.  Dr. Robert Gallo of NCI found the cause of AIDS is the retrovirus _____.
 Definition
HTLV-III
Term
17.  What year was the first AIDS antibody test released?
 Definition
1985
Term
18.  What is the name of the first AIDS antibody test?
 Definition
ELISA
Term
19.  In 1987, the FDA approved _____ as the first antiretroviral drug to be used to treat AIDS.
 Definition
AZT
Term
20.  In 1987, the FDA approved the first _____ blood test, which was a more specific HIV diagnostic test.
 Definition
WESTERN BLOT
Term
21.  Which year did combination therapy with AZT arrive?
 Definition
1992
Term
22.  In 1995, this drug was released which is the first anti-HIV drug of the protease inhibitor class.
 Definition
SAQUINAVIR
Term
23.  _____is an opportunistic infection that occurs in patients with advanced HIV.
 Definition
PCP (PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA)
Term
24.  The first sign of this condition is usually the development of skin lesions that begin as flat or slightly raised colored spots.
 Definition
KAPOSI’S SARCOMA
Term
25.  About 1-3 people with AIDS related Kaposi sarcoma will develop _____ and _____ lesions.
 Definition
MOUTH AND THROAT
Term
26.  This state has the highest transmission rate of AIDS in the US.
 Definition
WASHINGTON DC
Term
27.  There is substantial biological evidence demonstrating that the presence of other _____ increases the likelihood of both transmitting and acquiring HIV.
 Definition
STD’S
Term
28.  These 3 STD’s which cause genital ulcers result in breaks in the genital tract or skin lining which creates a portal of entry for HIV.
 Definition
1) SYPHILIS, 2) HERPES, 3) CHANCROID
Term
29.  These 3 non-ulcerative STD’s increase the concentration of cells in genital secretions that can serve as targets for HIV.
 Definition
1) CHLAMYDIA, 2) GONORRHEA, 3) TRICHOMONIASIS
Term
30.  The presence of an untreated STD can also increase the risk of both acquisition and transmission of HIV by a factor of up to _____.
 Definition
10
Term
31.  These are the 4 stages of HIV infection.
 Definition
1) SEROCONVERSION PERIOD, 2) ASYMPTOMATIC, 3) SYMPTOMATIC, 4) AIDS
Term
32.  What happens during the seroconverson/window period of HIV?
 Definition
INFECTION WITH HIV, ANTIBODIES DEVELOP
Term
33.  What happens during the asymptomatic phase of HIV?
 Definition
NO SIGNS OF HIV, IMMUNE SYSTEM CONTROLS VIRUS PRODUCTION
Term
34.  What happens during the symptomatic phase of HIV?
 Definition
PHYSICAL SIGNS OF HIV INFECTION, WITH SOME IMMUNE SUPPRESSION
Term
35.  What happens when one has the AIDS stage of HIV?
 Definition
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
Term
36.  5 impacts of global HIV.
 Definition
1) NEGATIVE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON COUNTRIES, 2) OVERSTRAINED HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS, 3) DECREASING LIFE EXPECTANCY, 4) REVERSAL OF CHILD SURVIVAL GAINS, 5) INCREASED NUMBERS OF ORPHANS
Term
37.  5 public health strategies to prevent HIV transmission.
 Definition
1) SCREEN ALL BLOOD AND BLOOD PRODUCTS, 2) FOLLOW UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS, 3) EDUCATE IN SAFER SEX PRACTICES, 4) IDENTIFY AND TREAT STD’S, 5) PROVIDE REFERRAL FOR TREATMENT OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
Term
38.  _____ is the number of copies of HIV in the blood.
 Definition
VIRAL LOAD
Term
39.  HIV was originally called _____ because of the predilection to occur mainly in fagboys.
 Definition
GAY-RELATED IMMUNE DISEASE
Term
40.  _____ was the name given to African AIDS patients because of the severe wasting that occurs in the later stages of the disease.
 Definition
SLIM
Term
41.  This opportunistic infections occurs then the CD4 count is less than 200.
 Definition
PCP
Term
42.  What is a prevention for PCP?
 Definition
PENTAMIDINE NASAL SPRAY
Term
43.  These 2 opportunistic infections can occur when the CD4 t-cell count is less than 100.
 Definition
1) TOXOPLASMOSIS, 2) CRYPTOCOCCUS
Term
44.  This opportunistic infection can occur when the CD4 t-cell count is less than 75.
 Definition
MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX
Term
45.  A lower CD4 t-cell count means decreasing _____.
 Definition
IMMUNITY
Term
46.  A higher viral load in the blood means more _____.
 Definition
IMMUNE SUPPRESSION
Term
47.  Does social “closed mouth” kissing increase ones risk of contracting HIV?
 Definition
NO
Term
48.  Does “French” kissing increase ones risk of contracting HIV?
 Definition
YES, BUT THE CHANCES OF SPREAD ARE EXTREMELY LOW
Term
49.  Is biting a common way of transmitting HIV?
 Definition
NO
Term
50.  Can HIV be spread through biting insects?
 Definition
NO
Term
51.  3 times a mother can pass HIV onto her fetus/baby.
 Definition
1) DURING PREGNANCY, 2) DURING DELIVERY, 3) THROUGH BREAST MILK
Term
52.  This is the 3-part AZT regimen during pregnancy.
 Definition
1) WOMEN SHOULD TAKE AZY STARTING AT 14-34 WEEKS OF PREGNANCY, 2) DURING LABOR AND DELIVERY THE WOMEN SHOULD RECEIVE AZY INTRAVENOUSLY, 3) BABY SHOULD TAKE AZT EVERY 6 HOURS FOR 6 WEEKS AFTER HE OR SHE IS BORN
Term
53.  America’s most dramatic success in HIV prevention has been the reduction in transmission from _____.
 Definition
MOTHER TO CHILD
Term
54.  The decline of HIV transmission from mother to child was through these 3 mechanisms.
 Definition
1) ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS, 2) C-SECTION, 3) AVOIDANCE OF BRAST FEEDING
Term
55.  Who was the first public figure known to have died of AIDS?
 Definition
ROCK HUDSON
Term
56.  What is the difference between HIV-1 and HIV-2?
 Definition
HIV-2 IS LESS EASILY TRANSMITTED, AND THE PERIOD BETWEEN INITIAL INFECTION AND ILLNESS IS LONGER IN THE CASE OF HIV-2
Term
57.  Which is more common HIV-1 or 2?
 Definition
HIV-1
Term
58.  The relatively uncommon HIV-2 type is concentrated in _____, and is rarely found elsewhere.
 Definition
WEST AFRICA
Term
59.  Globally, most women become infected with HIV through these 3 mechanisms.
 Definition
1) BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS, 2) UNPROTECTED HETEROSEXUAL SEX, 3) SEX WITH OTHER WOMEN, 4) SHARING NEEDLES
Term
60.  What does the standard HIV test identify?
 Definition
ANTIBODIES
Term
61.  There is less than a _____% chance that HIV will be transmitted from mother to child if the mother takes the correct drugs and does not breastfeed and c-section.
 Definition
2.00000%
Term
62.  A _____ result on an HIV test means that HIV antibodies are present in your bloodstream and you are HIV-positive.
 Definition
SEROPOSITIVE
Term
63.  A _____ result on an HIV test indicates that you are not infected with HIV.
 Definition
SERONEGATIVE
Term
64.  How often should you re-test for HIV if you have engaged in high-risk behavior during the past 6 months?
 Definition
6 MONTHS, BECAUSE IT CAN TAKE THIS LONG FOR YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM TO PRODUCE ENOUGH ANTIBODIES
Term
65.  A _____ test is available for HIV screening that produces results within 5-30min.
 Definition
RAPID TEST
Term
66.  If an ELISA test shows the blood sample is positive for HIV, then a _____ is done to confirm the initial result.
 Definition
WESTERN BLOT
Term
67.  Florida law 381.004 states that_____ must first be obtained before testing anyone for HIV and such consent must be preceded by an explanation about the right of confidential treatment, and that if positive that information must be shared with the county health department.
 Definition
INFORMED CONSENT
Term
68.  Can a physician break confidentiality when 3rd parties are at risk?
 Definition
YES
Term
69.  3 things states by Florida state law 381.004.
 Definition
1) INFORMED CONSENT MUST BE GIVEN, 2) IF HIV POSITIVE, SHATE THE RESULT WITH STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT WITHIN 2 WEEKS, 3) MAY BREAK THE CONFIDENTIALITY OF 3RD PARTIES ARE AT RISK
Term
70.  These were the first drugs used for HIV inhibit viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase).
 Definition
NUCLEOSIDE-ANALOG REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NRTI) (ZIDOVUDINE)
Term
71.  These were the 2nd HIV treating drugs inhibit HIV replication directly by binding non-competitively to reverse transcriptase.
 Definition
NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
Term
72.  These drugs are specific for the HIV-1 protease and competitively inhibit the enzyme, preventing the maturation of virions capable of infecting other cells.
 Definition
PROTEASE INHIBITORS (SAQUINAVIR)
Term
73.  _____ is the first agent of the pharmacological class of antiretroviral agents known as HIV integrase inhibitors. When used with other anti-HIV medicines it may reduce the amount of HIV in the blood and may increase CD4 t-cells.
 Definition
RALTEGRAVIR
Term
74.  Which law requires you to offer HIV screening test for pregnant moms?
 Definition
384.31
Term
75.  These 2 receptors are needed for HIV to enter a cell.
 Definition
CD4 and CHEMOKINE CO-RECEPTOR
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