Term
What are the Functions, Sources, and DRI of Sodium? |
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Definition
Functions -outside cells: helps maintain the fluid balance outside of the cell aka homeostasis -muscle: muscle function(firing) -Other mineral (calcium): sodium keeps the solubility of different mineral DRI: 1500mg Sources: Canned foods like soups, vegetables, certain crackers,frozen foods, pretzels, potato chips, pickles, and olives
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Term
What are the Functions, Sources, and DRI of Potassium? |
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Definition
Function -fluid balance à within the cells -muscle and nerve conduction -One of the larger muscles: the heart Sources -fruits and vegetables: especially the bright colored ones. i.e. yams, potatoes, acorn, squash -all fruits contain some source of Potassium DRI 4700 mq
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Term
What are the Functions and Sources of Protein? |
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Definition
Functions -Provides structure for body -Adults->helps maintain growth, helps children grow -Regulates hormones, enzymes -Regulates fluids + electrolyte balance -Edema: swelling of body tissues exp mal nutri. of protein. -provides energy when carbs are low Sources -Red Meats
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Term
| What are the deficiencies/toxicity of Proteins? |
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Definition
Deficiency -Marasmas: very skinny. Malnutritions in carbs & energy for the body. -Symptoms: lethargic, low body temp, muscle wasting; develops slowly
-Kwashiorkor: Disease of the 1st child after the 2nd one is born. Fluids are usually helin in but proteins but b/c of absense, swelling of body tissues occur=Edema -Symptoms: abnormal hair color, patchy skin, rapid onset |
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Term
What are the Functions, Sources, and DRI of Calcium? |
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Definition
Function -Builds bones, teeth, nerve transmission/muscle relaxation, blood clotting, metallo enzyme Source -Broccoli, kale, cabbage, brussel sprouts, greens; All >50% absorbed -Milk is poorly absorbed: <5% DRI - 1000mg for ages <50 -1200mg >50 yrs -1300mg=growing teens
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Term
| What is the DRI for Iron? |
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Definition
Men: 9mg Women: 18mg Pregnant: 18mg-27mg
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Term
| What is the DRI is Vitamin C? |
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Definition
Male: 90mg
Female: 75mg
Smoker: +35mg for both=125 males:110 females |
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Term
| What are the Deficiencies of Calcium? |
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Definition
- muscle weakness -confusion -Low blood pressure (normal is 120/80)
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Term
| What are the deficiencies/toxicity of Iron? |
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Definition
Deficiency -Enemia: lots of different pains: chest, head,fast heart beat -Microcytic: iron deficiency form of enemia -hypochromic Toxicity hemochromotos= excessive amounts of iron. Causes cells to have bright red color and is a very powerful oxidant. This means that it causes increase to the pathway to HD. |
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Term
| What are the Functions and Sources of B12? |
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Definition
Function: -Coenzyme in DNA and RNA synthesis -Coezyme in metabolism synthesis Sources: -Animals, Milk, eggs, and meats
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Term
| What are the Daily recommendations for Fruits, Grains, Meats, Vegetables, and Dairy? |
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Definition
Fruits: only 1/3 of fruits should be from juice daily -Dried fruits= 1/2 cup Grains: 1/2 of grains should come from whole grains. 1/2 cup pasta, 1 cup of ready made cerol Vegetable: 1 cup cooked, 2 cups uncooked. -Dark greens, starchy veggies, orange vegs. Meats: 3 ozs is good portion, 1tsp of peanut butter, -1/4 cup of tofu beans Dairy: 2 types of cheses are good: processed + sliced -1 1/2 cup of ice cream, 1 cup of milk
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Term
| What are the main food label requirements? |
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Definition
-serving size -calories and calories from fats -serving per container -total fat -trans fat and sat fat -sodium -cholesterol and fiber -carbs and sugars -dietary fibers
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Term
| What are terms like "low, good, and high sources" used for? Where are these usually located? |
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Definition
These terms are used to persuade people to buy the products expecially those individuals that have specific problems like high cholesterol, low fiber... -Located on the front of the box
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Term
| How many calories does Fat, Carbs, and protein contain? |
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Definition
Fats: 9 Kcal Carbs: 4 Kcal Proteins: 4 Kcal
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Term
| What are the Functions and Sources of Vitamin A? |
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Definition
Funtion: -deals with part of your retina called the rhodopsin. -leading cause for blindness -helps in some bone growth Source: -B carotine: (Bright orange, red, green vea, and fruit) -when you eat any of this, then b carotine turns it into Vitamin A
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Term
| What is the Functions and Sources of Carbs? |
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Definition
Function: -Provides energy to the body to carry out its daily functions. -Converts it to glucose
Source: -starchy foods like bread, pasta, cereal -things that can be converted to glucose.
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Term
| What are the Functions and Sources of Folate? |
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Definition
Functions: -helps with the abosorption of B12 -regualtions of rapid growing cells -coenzyme in the intrinsic factor formation Sources: -Fruits, vegetables, cereol grains,
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Term
| What are the Deficiencies/Toxicity of Vitamin D? |
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Definition
Dificiency: -rickets= bones softening up and curving -Osteomalacia: leads to osteoporosis -Osteoporosis: bones breaking very easily Toxicity: -calcification of soft tissues -kidney stones
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Term
| What are two essential Fatty acids? What are there Dificiencies and Toxicities? |
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Definition
Omega 3: Def:cancer, arthritus,heart disease, and diebetes Tox: can create very thing blood=non stop bleeding
Omega 6: Def: Tox: weaken the immune system, not as efficient -may increase lead/mercury in blood -
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Term
| What are the Function, Sources, and DRI of Magnesium? |
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Definition
Function: -works with calcium to control muscles -assist with operations of over 300 enzymes -helps with cell functions -directly affects the metabolism of K, Ca, and Vit D Sources: -spinach, brain cereal, black beans, soy milk, yogurt, oysters DRI: Men: 400mg Women : 310mg
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Term
| What are the Functions and Sources of Niacin? |
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Definition
Functions: -skin integrety, nervous tissues, and the GI tract Sources: -animals and plant protien rich foods -whole and enriched grains
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Term
| What are the Functions and Sources of Riboflavin? |
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Definition
Functions: -Has some functions in the epithelial cells (mucosa) Sources: -Dairy products -enriched grains -whole grains
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Term
| What are the Dificiencies and Toxicities of Thiamin? |
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Definition
Def: -Beri Beri disease: stuttering, cant walk, confusion -Wernicke- korsakoff syndrome: alcohol block the absorbtion of Thiamin. |
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Term
| What are some of the Macronutrients? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the digestion of Protein and Carbs? |
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Definition
Carbs: Broken down by pancreas enzyme into disacharides. These sugars are put through the intestinal track and broken down into monosacharides where they are aborbed & turned into glucose for storage. -Can be called upon any time for energy usage Proteins: The chewing of foods breaks down protein w/ amylase. As it enters the stomach, the enzyme pepsin breaks down protein. HCL is in the stomach and also help digest. -Once protein have been broken down into ami. acids, the small intestines aborb them.
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Term
| Explain the digestion of Fats? |
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Definition
Fats:usually tagged along with meats. -enters the mouth where it meets amylase and slowly enters into the stomach where it meets with bile to break down the fat. -Fats can only be broken down in liquids -Fat soluble vitamins are A, D, E, K -packaged by lipoproteins, and travels through lymphatic system |
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Term
| Explain Chemical vs. Digestion. What are peristalisis, segmentation, and the pancreas duct? |
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Definition
Chemical: saliva and amylase. Bile Mechanical: Chewing and swallowing Peristalisis: The way you propel food down the digestive track. Segmentation: The circular break down of food as it passes down to the stomach. Pancreas Duct: Area that allows 4 max. amount of absorbtion |
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Term
| What are the fluid replacement recommendations? |
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Definition
Before(2hr) During After
Males/Wom: 2-3 cups eve/15 min 2cups every lb lost
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Term
| Explain what Type 2 Diebetes is. |
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Definition
-90-95% of diebetics are type 2 -Insulinis produced but is resistant to the liver, muscle, and adipose -Must regulate sugar intake -low fat and trans fat recommended -high fiber -adequate protein intake
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Term
| What are some heart dieseases? What are different risk factors for heart disease? |
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Definition
atheroclerosis: hardening of the arteries. -Cholesterol -Plaque=strokes, heart attacks, embolism(sudden disclosure of a blood vessel
Risk Factors:
-HDL and LDL -Obesity -Diabetes -High BP
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Term
| What raises Triglycerides? Total Cholesterol? Which foods add and reduce to these levels? |
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Definition
-Triglycerides are raised by the different kinds of fats the are incorperated in a persons diet. Saturated Fats:Triglycerides in which most of the fatty acids are saturated Polyunsaturated Fats: fatty acid w/ many points of of unsaturated fats
Monounsaturated: fatty acidw w/ only 1 point of unsaturated fats.
Detremental Foods:
-4 saturated fats like Chicken, Skin, Fat on pork
Reduce Cholesterol:
-Oatmeals, Beans, Fruits, vegetables, and other whole wheats |
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