Term
| At rest, the kidneys receive about a quarter of the blood coming from the heart. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - If the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma is decreased, the glomerular filtration rate is increased. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - Active transport mechanismshave limited transport capacities because the renal tubule is not very permeable to molecules. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| -Peristaltic waves force urine along the length of the ureter. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - Any factor that alters water balance will also alter electrolyte balance. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - In a healthy body, the volume of water remains relatively stable at all times. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - Normally, fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries as a result of active transport. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - The thirst mechanism is usually not triggered until the volume of the body water has decreased by 5-10%. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - The inflation reflex is activated when stretch receptors are stimulated during inspiration. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - Oxygen is carried in the blood in the form of bicarbonate ions and is bound to hemoglobin. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - Gas exchange occurs across alveolar pores. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - The greatest output of electrolytes normally is in urine. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - Sometimes the carboxyl groups of proteins release hydrogen ions. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - A protein functions as an acid-base buffer system by the -COOH group of a molecule accepting H+ in the presence of excess acid and the NH3 group of a molecule releasing H+ in the presence of excess base. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - Another word for breathing is ventilation. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - The organs of the upper respiratory tract are located outside the thorax. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - The left lung is larger than the right lung and is divided into three lobes. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - Carbon monoxide bonds to hemoglobin more effectively than does oxygen. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - When the concentration of water in body fluids increases, the secretion of ADH increases. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - The glomerular filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule is isotonic to the plasma of the peritubular capillary. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| - ______is gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The events of respiration are ____, ____and _____ respiration, and _____ respiration. |
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Definition
| ventilation, external AND internal respiration, and cellular respiration. |
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Term
| - The ultimate function of _________is to deliver oxygen to cells, where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from nutrient molecules and get rid of carbon dioxide, which maintains the pH of the internal environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by changing the _____ on the vocal cord. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The vocal cords are in the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| - Which of the following is not a function of the mucus-covered nasal passages? ____ _____air. |
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Definition
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Term
| -The intensity (volume) of a vocal sound is a result of the ____ ___ ____passing over the vocal cords. |
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Definition
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Term
| - _________is a potentially dangerous condition because it may obstruct the airway. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The procedure used to directly examine the trachea and bronchial tree is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity ___ incoming air,____ incoming air, _____ dust and entraps other small particles . |
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Definition
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Term
| - The pharynx functions as a common passageway for ____ and _____, whereas the larynx functions as a passageway for ____ only |
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Definition
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Term
| - The ________ is lined with a ciliated mucous membrane, includes 20 C-shaped cartilage rings, is a passageway for air and is also called the windpipe. |
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Definition
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Term
| - As the respiratory tube branches become finer, the epithelial lining changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to ____ and ____ _____epithelium. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The _____ lung has superior, middle and inferior lobes; the _____ lung has superior and inferior lobes. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The force that moves air into the lungs during inspiration comes from the ______ pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The force responsible for normal expiration is supplied by the ____ _____ of tissues and surface tension. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The volume of air that enters or leaves the lungs during a normal respiratory cycle is the _____volume. |
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Definition
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Term
| - Of the respiratory air volumes listed, which one has the largest volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| - _____ _________syndrome in newborns is caused by lack of surfactant. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The visceral and parietal pleural membranes are normally held together by a thin film of ___ fluid. |
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Definition
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Term
| - A simple spirometer cannot measure ___ volume |
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Definition
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Term
| - The most sensitive areas of the air passages are in the __and_____ . |
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Definition
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Term
| - The volume of air that enters (or leaves) during a _______ respiratory cycle is the tidal volume. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The respiratory areas are in the _____ and _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| - ________ receptors stimulate the respiratory areas resulting in increased respiratory rate. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The __________ in the carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to changes in blood concentration of oxygen. |
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Definition
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Term
| - _______ _______ is sometimes added to the air that a patient breathes in order to increase the rate and depth of breathing. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The walls of the alveoli are composed of _______ ______epithelium. |
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Definition
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Term
| - Alveoli are kept clean by the action of ___________ . |
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Definition
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Term
| - The amount of oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin _______ when carbon dioxide concentration ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The enzyme _____ __________causes carbon dioxide to react with water. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The enzyme _______ ________causes carbon dioxide to react with water. |
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Definition
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Term
| - ____ is the protein part of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| - Changes in the respiratory system that accompany aging are thickened _________,slowed ______ _______, _______become less efficient at keeping bacteria out and cilia become less active or vanish. |
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Definition
| mucus, swallowing reflex, macrophages |
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Term
| - Exposure to _______smoke increases risk of damage to the smooth endothelial lining of blood vessels, platelet activation, abnormal blood clotting and decreased coronary artery blood flow. |
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Definition
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Term
| - Smokers are more susceptible to _______infections because their respiratory passages lose cilia, which would otherwise remove bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| - ________rate increases during exercise due to signals from the cerebral cortex to the respiratory areas when it also signals skeletal muscles to contract, muscle stimulation of proprioceptors, a joint reflex and stimulation of the respiratory areas by decreasing blood concentration of oxygen and increasing blood concentration of carbon dioxide. |
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Definition
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Term
| - Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys? |
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Definition
| Synthesis of plasma proteins. |
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Term
| - The organs of the urinary system are paired___ , ____paired , a ______ and a_______ . |
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Definition
| kidneys/ureters/bladder/urethra |
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Term
| - Which of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys? |
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Definition
| They are located behind the parietal peritoneum. |
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Term
| - A ______ corpuscle includes the glomerulus and glomerular capsule. |
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Definition
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Term
| - Podocytes and pedicels are part of the ________ capsule. |
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Definition
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Term
| - Once in the glomerulus, the filtrate moves into the ______tubule. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The reabsorption of ______occurs primarily through the walls of the proximal convoluted tubule. |
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Definition
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Term
| - When plasma glucose concentration exceeds the renal plasma threshold, _________appears in the urine. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| -When ______ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by ______ transport,_______ ions are reabsorbed by ______ transport. |
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Definition
| sodium ;active/chloride;passive |
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Term
| -The countercurrent mechanism functions primarily in the_______loop. |
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Definition
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Term
- The hormone______ promotes water reabsorption through the wall(s) of the
distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. |
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Definition
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Term
- As a result of very _____ arterial blood pressure, glomerular hydrostatic pressure
drops and filtration decreases . |
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Definition
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Term
| - A _____ clearance test determines the rate at which the kidneys can remove a particular substance from the blood. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| - An _____ in glomerular________pressure the rate of glomerular_________ . |
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Definition
| increase; osmotic /increases ;filtration |
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Term
| - _________ rate in the glomerulus is increased by both vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The ___________ apparatus regulates the filtration rate by vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and by renin-angiotensin II vasoconstricting the renal artery |
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Definition
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Term
| - An adaptation of the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule for reabsorption is microscopic projections called__________ . |
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Definition
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Term
| - A ______in the glomerular hydrostatic pressure of a glomerular capsule will____ the rate of glomerular filtration. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - An increase in urine volume is termed_________ . |
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Definition
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Term
| - If glucose is not reabsorbed in the tubular fluid the osmotic concentration_______ . |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is ____acid. |
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Definition
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Term
| -The relative concentration of ______is higher in urine than plasma or glomerular filtrate. |
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Definition
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Term
| - Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide increases________ excretion. |
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Definition
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Term
| - _______ refers to maintaining constant GFR. |
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Definition
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Term
| - At the _________ plasma threshold more glucose is in the filtrate than active transport can handle. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The layers of a ureter are outer ______coat, middle ________ coat, inner ________ coat. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The ______ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The detrusor muscle is in the _______ bladder. |
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Definition
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Term
| - _______ control of micturition inhibits the micturition reflex by using nerve centers in the brainstem and cerebral cortex. |
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Definition
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Term
| - ______ are at higher risk of contracting a urinary tract infection because the female urethra is shorter than the male's. |
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Definition
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Term
| - _________ is also called an artificial kidney. |
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Definition
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Term
| - Water balance and electrolyte balance are _________ because electrolytes are dissolved in water. |
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Definition
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Term
| - _________fluid includes the water and electrolytes in the cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous and vitreous humors of the eyes, synovial fluid of the joints and serous fluid in body cavities. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - Compared to the average adult male, the average adult female has less ________ and more______ tissue. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - ________ fluids have relatively high sodium and low potassium concentrations. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - __________ fluids have high concentrations of potassium and phosphate. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by _______ pressure and _________ pressure. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - Which is the largest compartment of extracellular water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - The thirst center is located in the _________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - A person usually drinks about____ milliliters a day. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - Water of metabolism is a _______of the oxidative metabolism of nutrients. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - The ________ center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by an increase in the osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid, and is inhibited by distension of the stomach by water |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - ADH level in ________ regulates water output by causing the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb more or less water |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - A person in a moderate environment would lose the greatest volume of water in_________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - If excess water enters the body, _________ in the brain swell. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| - The hormone____________promotes the reabsorption of sodium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - The primary stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone is rising _________ concentration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - When_________ions are reabsorbed in response to the action of aldosterone, potassium ions are secreted. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| - The following metabolic processes releases hydrogen ions to body fluids: ____respiration of glucose, respiration of glucose, Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids and Oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - _______-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by converting strong acids to _______ acids. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - The part of an amino acid that is important in the protein buffer system is the ________ and ________ groups. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - The _______ buffer system consists of monohydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - The______ center is most likely to increase the breathing rate if the pH of body fluids is decreasing. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| - Acid-base buffers are the first line of defense against shifts in ______ because they are fast. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include light______ , agitation, tingling and ______ muscle contractions. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| - __________ is a pH of arterial blood below 7.35 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - _______ is a pH of arterial blood above 7.45 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - _________ leads to respiratory alkalosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - Prolonged vomiting, in which only the stomach contents are lost, leads to metabolic________ . |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| - Metabolic acidosis can be compensated for by an increased _________ rate and depth. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| - The _________ system in blood is formed by hemoglobin binding hydrogen ions in red blood cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| - The sequence of symptoms of ________ is headache, dizziness, exhaustion, then sweating, which stops as the skin becomes red, hot, and dry. Then breathing rate increases, pulse races, and neurological symptoms begin. Kidney failure and/or heart arrhythmia can be fatal. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| - _________ is caused by excessive sweating, prolonged water deprivation, prolonged vomiting or prolonged - Edema is abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid. |
|
Definition
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