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Home Equipment Technology Test 2
Small appliances, washers and dryers, dishwashers, microwaves, refrigerators and freezers, ranges, kitchens
80
Other
Undergraduate 3
11/16/2011

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Cards

Term
What do consumers want in an appliance?
Definition
Time savers
convenient to use
easy to clean
stylish
multiple applications
promote healthy cooking
Term
Where are small appliances now being found?
Definition
In "mini kitchens"
Term
What are some trends in small appliances?
Definition
Retro Stainless steel look
high-end professional style models
cordless electrics in kitchen
Family look
Term
What appliances are most in demand today?
Definition
Bread makers
rice cookers
sandwich makers
coffee grinders/mills
espresso/cappicino makers
dehydrators
crock pots
mini oven
color
egg cookers
mini large appliances
searing skillet
power tower
Term
Why is a washing machine so heavy?
Definition
Concrete is placed in it to balance the equally heavy ELECTRIC MOTOR, which drives a very heavy gearbox that is attached to the steel inner tub.
Term
What are the parts of a washing machine?
Definition
Inner tub-holds the clothes
Agitator
Outer tub-seals in the water
Gearbox
Term
Why doesn't the washer vibrate more when spinning?
Definition
A system of pulleys supports the motor which lets it move without moving the whole machine.

A damper system in each corner absorbs vibrations from the spinning tub.
Term
Plumbing of a washer
Definition
Two hoses (hot and cold) go into one. The solenoid determines how much hot water is mixed with cold, based on the washing machine settings for each load.
Term
What does the drive mechanism do?
Definition
spins the agitator to wash the clothes

spins the tub to remove excess water
Term
how have the new standards from the Department of Energy made washers more efficient?
Definition
Both front loading and top loaders hae become very energy efficient

The lower the number on the energy label, the moer efficient the washer is
Term
Front Loader vs. Top Loader
Definition
Have to bend over to use the front loader washer

can be integrated under countertops

Can be stacked with front loading dryers

Uses 2/3 the amount of water a top loader uses (on average)

Top: No need to bend over

Much less expensive than front loaders.
Term
Steam clean
Definition
a new feature
Stain removal
sanitizing properties
refresh and remove wrinkles from stale clothing
Term
Useful features of washing machines.
Definition
Automatic program settings- calculate and adjust water levels; delay start

various wash cycles: Delicates to heavy; sheets; bulky

warranties: typically one year; a longer warranty is not a good reason to buy a washer.
Term
what are the sizes of traditional washing machines?
Definition
Compact-24 inches wide-4.8 lbs of clothes

Conventional: 27 in. wide- 8-10 lbs of clothes

Large: 27 in. (deeper) -10-12 lbs of clothes
Term
what are the sizes of traditional washing machines?
Definition
Compact-24 inches wide-4.8 lbs of clothes

Conventional: 27 in. wide- 8-10 lbs of clothes

Large: 27 in. (deeper) -10-12 lbs of clothes
Term
What are the prices of washing machines?
Definition
Great range in price from $500-$2000
More features, more costly
energy efficiency will help recoup greater cost
new machines are gentler on clothing
Term
what are some examples of front loading washer options?
Definition
whirlpool- Duet Line (highest US sales)
Kenmore- HE label (made by whirlpool)
LG electronics (from korea)
High end: Miele, Asko, Bosch, Euro-Tech, Samsung, and KitchenAid
Term
what are the 3 main parts of a clothes dryer?
Definition
Rotating tumbler
heater
exhaust vent
Term
How does a clothes dryer work?
Definition
Air enters the body of the dryer through a large hole in the front

It is sucked past the heating element into the tumbler

It enters the door and is directed down through a lint screen

A fan forces it into the duct leading out the back of the dryer where it exits the house.
Term
what is the first thing the air hits as it enters the clothes dryer?
Definition
The heating element
Term
Steps in drying clothes
Definition
Air passes over heater

Air enters tumbler

Air goes through lint screen

Air is pushed out by a fan

Tumbler is a giant gear and attached to a pulley
Term
Who are the major dishwasher manufacturers?
Definition
Whirlpool
Maytag
GE
Frigidaire
European
Fisher & Paykel
Term
How does a dishwasher work?
Definition
Bottom basin fills with water

Water is heated to at least 130 degrees F.

Detergent drawer is automatically opened and detergent mixes with water

Water is forced through jets and sprayed on dirty dishes

Water is drained and fresh water comes in to rinse the dishes

Water is drained again

Air is heated to dry the dishes (optional)
Term
Wash mode and Drain Mode
Definition
Wash mode: Wash pump pumps in water to the spray arm. Drain pump is turning backwards and has no effect

Drain Mode: Motor reverses direction. Drain pump pumps water out drain tube. Wash pump is turning backwards and has no effect
Term
Dishwasher technology
Definition
Dishwasher operation has not changed much over the last 10 years

Most new dishwasher models do an excellent job

Biggest change in dishwashers is efficiency
Term
Most dishwasher on the market today are Energy star rated. What does this mean?
Definition
Uses at least 41% less energy than non-Energy Star Models
Term
Dishwasher Water Efficiency
Definition
New models average 4 gallons of water per load

Older models (10 yrs or more) used 8-15 gallons of water

Newer models use 1/6 as much water and 1/2 as much energy as hand washing the dishes
Term
what are some of the most and least reliable dishwasher brands according to consumer surveys of dishwasher satisfaction and reliability?
Definition
Most Reliable: Kenmore Elite and Bosch

Least Reliable: Asko, Fisher & Maykel, and Maytag
Term
What is an Excellent Dishwasher?
Definition
Bosch

quitest model

most energy efficient model in US

Adjustable racks

Half load cycles

Ecosense cycle

Foldable tines in rack

no exposed heating element

Delay start
Term
Trends in dishwashers
Definition
Ultra Modern
Programmable
touchproof finish
Cabinetry match
18-inch
Internal controls
Countertop
Drawers
Fast Cycles
Freestanding style
DW/Storage combination
Interchangeable(can replace central pannel with a colored or patterned laminate)
Lego washer
Party dishwasher
Quiet
Retro look
Steam clean function
U-shaped kitchens
Term
What's good about microwave ovens?
Definition
Cook food in an amazingly short period of time

Extremely efficient in use of electricity

Microwaes heat ONLY the food
Term
What are Microwaves?
Definition
Radio waves

Frequency is 2,500 megahertz

Radio waves at this frequency have an interesting property (they are absorbed by water, fats, and sugars)

When absorbed, they are converted into atomic motion (heat)

radio waves at this frequency are not absorbed by plastics, glass, or ceramics
Term
Cooking from the inside out (microwaves)
Definition
Radio waves penetrate the food and excite water and fat molecules evenly throughout the food

heat is everywhere all at once

Limitations:
they penetrate unevenly in thick pieces of food, so the middle doesn't cook
There are "hot spots" caused by wave interference
Term
Parts of a microwave cooking system
Definition
Magnetron
power supply
magnet
cathode antenna
Term
Advances in microwaves
Definition
Convenience (additional features)
design
Term
What are some features of a microwave?
Definition
Rotating turntables
varying wattage
touch controls
one-buton defrosting and reheating
delay timers
Child locks
Sensor Technology (determines when food is done by measuring vapors)
Term
Design of microwaves
Definition
Variety of colors and finishes
Many different types including: Over the range, countertop, and built-ins

Varies in size from compact, mid-sized, to full-sized (family size or large)
Term
Convection microwave ovens
Definition
Traditional microwave heating and a small fan to circulate heat throughout the oven

Helps in surface browning
helps food retain moisture
Can use MW only, Convection only, or both

Adds significantly to the price of a microwave
Term
Inverter microwaves
Definition
Causes the MW to cook at 50% full time (instead of 100% part of the time and no cooking part of the time cycle)

Prevents overcooked edges and uncooked middles
Better control of cooking
reduced cooking times
good at defrosting and reheating
Term
Microwave wattages
Definition
The wattage is a measure of the heating rate of a 1 liter water sample at 10 degrees C. in a class dish. Wattage affects boiling times.

Less than 3 minutes- 600-700 watts
3-4 minutes- 500-600 watts
More than 4 minutes- less than 500 watts

The higher the wattage, the faster the cooking time

many new models have 1000 watts ore more

most microwave recipes are written for a 700 watt microwave

Microwave ovens produce less energy as they age (around 50-75 watts)
Term
what are some complaints about microwave ovens?
Definition
Durability

Breakdowns

More complaints about ovens with convection or inverter technology
Term
Standard Countertop Microwave
Definition
GE Profile

Pros:
Extra-large capacity
easy to use control panel
easy to clean
interter and cooking sensor

Cons:
Timerbeeps until door is opened
large physical size
durability
Term
Over the Range Microwave
Definition
Whirlpool microwave

Features:
1.7 cubic feet
1,000 watts
3-speed exhaust fan for cooking area
considered a top performer among microhoods
Cost: around $320
Term
Over the Counter microwave
Definition
Sharp Over the Counter Microwave

Features:
1.5 cubic foot capacity
1100 watts
24 automatic settings
auto touch panel
stainless steel finish
$387.00
Term
Built in microwave
Definition
GE Profile spacemaker

Features:
1.0 cubic feet
Stainles steel
10 power levels
7 sensor settings
turntable
child lock
$249.00
Term
Drawer Microwave
Definition
Sharp 24" Build in Microwave drawer

Features:
1.2 cubic feet
1000 watts
11 power levels
sensor cook/reheat settings
Angled digital touch controls
stainless steel
$737.91
Term
New trends in microwaves
Definition
Color
Built into wall
stainless steel finish
Term
What materials are used to produce a refrigerator?
Definition
Exterior: textured acrylic or alkyd enamel over steel, glass, stainless steel, wood

Liners- Polystyrene plastic

interior- tempered glass for shelves, polycarbonate for shelves and drawers, polystyrene for crisper drawers, insulation made of fiberglass, polyurethane foam, gaskets made of vinyl
Term
What are the 4 refrigerator options?
Definition
Freezer on top
Freezer on bottom
Side by side
side by side refrigerator with freezer on bottom (french door)
Term
Freezer on top
Definition
least expensive
best repair record
bottom shelves inconvenient
freezer is hard to access for some
Term
Freezer on bottom
Definition
Puts most of refrigerator compartment at eye level

harder to find items in a bottom freezer

cost 1.5 times as much as top freezer models

more common in europe
Term
Side By side refrigerators
Definition
Most costly- sometimes twice as much as top freezer models

Can include ice and water dispensers

Less door clearance is needed

narrow shelves don't accommodate some food items (pizza)

more likely to need repair (water dispenser)

less energy efficient
Term
French door refrigerators
Definition
also called the double door

Made by GE, Amana (Whirlpool), and LG

increasing in market share

most expensive $1800-#3500

wide shelves, but narrow doors considered an advantage

ice and water dispenser possible because of side by side doors

can open just one door, saving energy
Term
what is considered the Rolls Royce of refrigerators and what are some of the features of it?
Definition
The Subzero

Keeps food fresher longer
extends life of frozen foods
titanium outer shell
highly insulated for energy efficiency
commercial appearance
can be customized
glass doors inside regular doors
uses less energy than a 100 watt light bulb

costs $12,000
Term
How much energy do refrigerators use?
Definition
on average, Energy Star refrigerators use 2/3 less energy than models produced 25 years ago

purchasing an Energy Star refrigerator makes the consumer eligible for a rebate up to $200
Term
Energy use of each model of fridge
Definition
Frost Free-top mount freezer- 438-511 watts

Frost free-bottom mount freezer- 450-480 watts

side by side- 624 watts

Manual defrost freezer- Chest: 435 watts
Upright- 480

Frost free upright freezer 763 watts
Term
What are the different selling features of refrigerators?
Definition
NOT performance- cooling technology is standard and has been for 25 years

Door style
noise level
energy efficiency
extra features
Term
what to look for in a refrigerator
Definition
size: get the largest unit that will fit the space

Layout: choose a layout that will best meet the household's needs

Ease of maintenance: shelves that are easily removed and cleaned

Controls: Easy to reach and read. Touch pad controls are easiest to use.

lighting: good lighting so it is easy to see inside the refrigerator

Noise: relatively quiet
Term
what is the #1 refrigerator today?
Definition
LG Four Door French Door Refrigerator

$2,600
Term
what is the most popular refrigerator brand?
Definition
Whirlpool

$550-$2900
Term
what are the top refrigerator brands?
Definition
LG
Samsung
Whirlpool
Viking
Bosch
Whirlpool Gold
Frigidaire
Dacor
Term
What are some parts of a refrigerator?
Definition
inside fridge: Heat Exchange Pipes

Compressor and heat exchange pipes outside the refrigerator

expansion valve

refrigerant
Term
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
When 2 things of different temperatures are near each other, the cooler of the two warms up the warmer one cools down.

refrigerators are cold because the cold refrigerant draws heat out of them.
Term
Why are refrigerators cold?
Definition
the cold refrigerant draws heat out of them
Term
Why are refrigerators cold?
Definition
the cold refrigerant draws heat out of them
Term
New trends in refrigerator design
Definition
Gusto Mini Fridge
Gorenje Crystal Refrigerator
Electrolux External Refrigerator
Avanti Complete Compact Kitchen
Miele small refrigerator
Menegheni Handmade cabinet refrigerator
Lec small Refrigerator
Samsung Zipel e-diary refrigerator
Amana Petite refrigerator
Siemens Refrigerator Freezer with LCD Display
Nebraska From Britain
Big Chill Retro refrigerator
Dacor Elegant French Door Refrigerator
Gladiator Garage Works by whirlpool
KIVA drawer refrigerators
Rrefrigerator by Miele
Flatshare Fridge
The "Kegerator" by Frigidaire
Term
Wall Oven
Definition
Built in oven

Wall oven in addition to a cooktop or range

built into the wall, large cabinet, or under counter

operates with two radiant elements, one on top and one on bottom

single or double configurations (could be with microwave)

24, 27, or 30- inches wide
Term
Free Standing Range
Definition
Four elements in 3 sizes

newer models might also have a 5th element ( warming element) instead of a center section

smoothtops have displaced coil tops in all but lowest price models (coil tops heat faster and offer most performance for the dollar- smoothtops are sleeker and easier to clean

Typically 30 inches wide
Term
Drop-in Range
Definition
Requires custom cabinetry

dropped into prepared space with cabinet front panel at bottom

no cookware storage drawer

might need to be speically ordered

controls typically at front edge
Term
Slide-in range
Definition
Contoured sides with slightly protruding cooktop

cooktop actually rests on top of the countertop on each side

must be cabinets on each side of a slide-in range

looks more customized than a free-standing range

controls on front
Term
Split level range
Definition
has been superceded by Freestanding range with Microwave/hood combination (microhood)
Term
Electric Range components
Definition
control panel for oven (thermostat right behind know- electronic circuit board behind controls)

Clock- electronic or mechanical

Light controls

surface burner controls

self cleaning controls

convection oven controls
Term
What are some different models of cooktops?
Definition
Conventional coil
halogen
Radiant
Induction
Term
Halogen cooktop
Definition
When you switch on a halogen ring, a dazzling bright red light immediately begins to pump out a mixture of infrared radiation and visible red light. This time, it's the radiant heat we're interested in harnessing and the light is the wasted, byproduct. The heat travels out from the halogen lamp at the speed of light, instantly warming the ceramic glass cooktop above it. (The cooktop is made from a specially toughened ceramic glass that can withstand sudden high temperatures and the weight of heavy cooking pots without cracking.) If you stand a cooking pot on the glass, it warms up by a mixture of radiation and conduction: heat radiates into the pot from the halogen lamp, but it's also transmitted into the pot by conduction from the hot glass just beneath it. If you have soup in your cooking pot, it gradually warms up by convection just like with a conventional stove. So, while it's true to say that halogen cooktops work using radiation, they actually cook with a mixture of conduction, convection, and radiation.
Term
Radiant Cooktops
Definition
use high speed radiant elements

elements located beneath a smooth glass-ceramic surface

Heat radiates to heat cooktop and is transferred to pan (both radiation and conduction used to heat)
Term
Induction Cooktops
Definition
Induction coil wires connected to solid-state controls

Smoothtop surface

Electrical current converted to high-frequency AC current that flows through coils to create a magnetic field

Magnetic field generate heat in cookware made of magnetic materials

heating stops when pan is removed
Term
Gas range
Definition
Capacity of burners measured in BTUs

Most have 4 burners

Gas on Glass – Burners mounted above a smooth glass ceramic surface

Some find it easier to judge heat output by appearance of gas flame

Does not retain heat when turned off

Not as fast as electric with high heating

More expensive
Term
How does a gas range work?
Definition
Natural gas flame heats food

comes from some type of ignition system

controlled by a throttling valve that is connected to control knob

convection, conduction, and radiation are all working to heat food
Term
Ignition Systems
Definition
Pilot Light

electronic

Crystal
Term
safety concerns with gas ovens
Definition
Gas leaks
incomplete combustion
connecting to a gas source
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