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HR Exam 3
Chapters 8 through 12... fml
107
Management
Undergraduate 3
11/13/2011

Additional Management Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
360 degree appraisal
Definition
appraisal that includes yourself, your boss, your subordinates, your peers, and your customers.

think 360 degree mirror
Term
Marginal employee
Definition
an employee that just gets by on a barely acceptable level because of a lack of ability or motivation to perform well and whose quality of work will be lacking
Term
Protean Career
Definition
is based on self-direction with the goal of psychological success in one's work. they are the most responsible for managing career
Term
psychological success
Definition
is the feeling of pride and accomplishment that comes from achieving life and work goals
Term
formal education program examples
Definition
on and off site courses designed specifically designed for companys employees

specialized courses
professional development courses at universities
executive mba programs
university programs where employees live and take classes there

may involve lectures with experts, business games, customer meetings, and adventure learning
Term
tuition reimbursement
Definition
you get a certain percentage of tuition back if you get a certain grade

company pays for schooling
Term
myers briggs
Definition
evaluates behavior and how you feel about certain things; tests for employees in development; psychological
Term
role-play
Definition
acting followed by feedback
Term
in-basket exercise
Definition
how well you prioritize; simulation of administrative tasks that a manager faces on a job
Term
upward feedback
Definition
is a performance appraisal process for managers that includes subordinates evaluations; subs give them feedback
Term
job enlargement
Definition
you are given more responsibilities or challenges to your current job
Term
job rotation
Definition
process of systematically moving a single individual from one job to another over the course of time; these people are often being looked at for becoming a manager; they need to consider relocation; wide spectrum of jobs that could be in different functional areas or disciplines
Term
externship
Definition
company allowing employees to take a full time operational role with another company; could be non-profit
Term
Employee Assistance Programs
Definition
program that helps employees resolve problems; focused on those who are psychologically fucked up, druggies, or alkies.

strict confidentiality is a must; evolved into a resource for managers; identified in official employer published documentation

gatekeepers in some organization to health benefits; limited coverage;
Term
Alternative dispute resolutions
Definition
process of resolving disputes that doesn't use the legal system
Term
four stages of adr
Definition
open door policy
peer review
mediation
arbitration
Term
difference between mediation and arbitration
Definition
mediation is a neutral third party outsider with no personal interest in the matter

arbitration comes after mediation doesn't work and both parties have to agree to it; it's binding; some companies require contract for this; arbitrators are often former judges or attorneys
Term
outcome fairness
Definition
the judgement that people make when they compare the judgement that they got to the judgements of those who they identify with and consider similar to themselves
Term
procedural justice
Definition
concept of justice focusing on methods used to determine the outcomes received
Term
involuntary turnover
Definition
people who the company makes leave who don't want to

ex: firing, layoffs, forced retirement
Term
voluntary turnover
Definition
turnover initiated by the employees
Term
employment at will
Definition
you can leave whenever and they can leave you whenever

sc is this kind of state

rarely cited as a reason
Term
problem with employment at will
Definition
people can still sue you for violation of federal law so cover your ass
Term
outplacement counseling
Definition
when people are terminated sometimes they show them the benefits of leaving; send to a job counselor to help find another job or a different career path;

set up to help displaced employees or those who have been laid off.
Term
whistle blowing
Definition
where an employee reports to a higher agency such as the government or the media to report company malpractice or sketch behaviors

make grievance public
Term
pay structure
Definition
the relative pay of different jobs (job structure) and how much they are paid (pay level)
Term
pay level
Definition
what you're getting paid; salary level; average pay that you get including wages, salaries and bonuses
Term
key-job
Definition
in regards to pay surveys

benchmark jobs that have a relatively stable content and are common to many organizations

accountants or secretaries
Term
non-key jobs
Definition
jobs that are unique to an organization and cannot be directly valued through the use of market surveys

widget calibrators
Term
compensable factors
Definition
characteristics that a company is willing to pay for

ex education and experience
Term
compa-ratio
Definition
actual average pay for a position relative to the midpoint. can be <1 or >1 or 0.
Term
fair labor standards act
Definition
set minimum wage and spelled out the conditions under which we must pay overtime
Term
exempt employees
Definition
exempt from overtime pay

managers and supervisors

professional level positions
Term
non exempt employees
Definition
not exempt from overtime

secretaries, accounting clersk. lower jobs

hourly employees are nonexempt
Term
merit increase grid
Definition
a grid that combines an employees performance rating with his or her position in a pay range to determine the size and frequency of their pay increases
Term
profit sharing
Definition
employees get part of the profits that a company makes based on some type of measure of organizational performance

not added to base pay

motivation to make them do better
Term
stock options
Definition
employees ownership plan that gives the employees the opportunity to buy stock at a previously fixed price. it keeps employees invested in a job.
Term
strike price
Definition
the price at which the stock options are offered to employees
Term
employee stock ownership plans (ESOP)
Definition
an employee ownership plan that provides employers certain tax and financial advantages when stock is granted to the employees
Term
esop advantages
Definition
tax and financing advantages for takeover defenses
right to vote their securities
more participation
Term
esop disadvantages
Definition
certain risks for employees
must have at least 51% of your stock portfolio in that companys stock so you get less diversification
AND risks if company does poorly because of pensions
Term
gain sharing vs profit sharing
Definition
gain sharing- one plant or company unit

profit sharing- whole enchilada
Term
gain sharing
Definition
not added to base pay

a form of group compensation based on group or plant performance that does not become part of the base pay
Term
performance management
Definition
process of managers ensuring that employees actions are congruent with company goals
Term
three components of performance management
Definition
set goals
measure performance
give feedback
Term
purposes of performance management
Definition
administrative
development
strategic
Term
administrative performance management purpose examples
Definition
pay raises, salary administration, promotions, retention and termination, lay offs, recognition of individual performance
Term
development performance management purpose example
Definition
feedback
Term
strategic performance management purpose examples
Definition
talent management, people development system
Term
management by objectives... how it works
Definition
top level management passes down goals, that are generally goals agreed upon by employees as well as managers;

goals move down the hierarchy

cascading effect of goals passed down
Term
development
Definition
getting someone ready for a future goal

the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and behaviors, that improve an employee's ability to meet changes in job requirements and in client and customer demands

formal education, assessments, experience
Term
appraisal politics
Definition
if you're a manager, you might rate employees better to make yourself look good

situation in which evaluators purposefully distort a rating to achieve personal or company goals
Term
acceptability (in terms of performance appraisals)
Definition
the extent to which a performance measure is deemed to be satisfactory or adequate by those who use it

it is affected by the extent to which employees believe that the performance management system is fair
Term
performance appraisals
Definition
process by which an organization gets feedback on how well an employee is doing his or her job
Term
forced distribution
Definition
form of ranking when you put employees into categories and a certain percentage of employees must go into each category.

helps tailor development activities to employees based on their performance

gives bell curve
Term
assessment centers
Definition
evaluated by multiple raters to see if they have the characteristics to become a manager; not generally for technical employees; also measures ability to work in teams; about 6 to 12 people

generally off site in like a conference center and managers generally lead it.
Term
what goes on in an assessment center
Definition
leaderless group discussion, interviews, role plays, inbaskets
Term
leaderless group discussion
Definition
team of five to seven solves an assigned problem within a certain time period
Term
interview
Definition
questioned about work and personal experiences, skills, and career plans
Term
in-baskets
Definition
simulation of the administrative tasks of a managers job
Term
role-plays
Definition
take role of manager or employee then give feedback
Term
labor market surveys
Definition
companies in your area that you're competing with for the local labor supply
Term
product market surveys
Definition
direct competition; people who do the same things that you do!
Term
formal mentoring programs
Definition
relationship can be ended whenever without punishment; voluntary

mentor is not generally a supervisor or manager and is chosen based on records and willingness

they are matched based on needs and they both understand the purpose and the specified length of time and amount of minimum contact

they must determine relationship mechanics

evaluated, lots of feedback, development rewarded
Term
leniency
Definition
rater assigns higher ratings to everyone
Term
halo error
Definition
someone does one thing right and the rater rates everything else higher because of it
Term
horn error
Definition
someone does one thing wrong and the rater rates everything else lower because of it
Term
rater accuracy training
Definition
emphasizes the nature of performance and familiarizes raters with various performance dimensions
Term
rater error training
Definition
makes raters aware of errors and helps them minimize them
Term
job satisfaction
Definition
pleasurable feeling that results from perception that one's job fulfills or allows for the fulfillment of one's values
Term
when doing a salary survey and you include competition, what kind is it
Definition
product market
Term
de-layering
Definition
reduce the number of job levels within an organization

allows for skill based pay; gives more flexibility in job assignments and assigning merit increases
Term
pay grades
Definition
pay setting approach where jobs of similar worth or content are grouped together for pay purposes
Term
pay policy line
Definition
a mathematical expression that describes the relationship between a job's pay and it's job evaluation points
Term
reinforcement theory
Definition
pavlov

someone gets rewarded when they do something right, they will continue to do it right
Term
agency theory
Definition
focuses on the divergent interests and goals of the organization's stakeholders and the ways that employees compensation can be used to align these interests and goals
Term
expectancy theory
Definition
says motivation is a function of valance (what it's worth to me), instrumentability(pay me and i'll work), and expectancy (things that are important to me)
Term
inter-rater reliability
Definition
consistency among graders of performance
Term
internal equity
Definition
what you think you should be paid compared to other people within the organization who have different jobs

influences the general attitudes of employees; willingness to transfer jobs within the organization; willingness to accept promotions
Term
external equity
Definition
what employees in other organizations are paid for doing the same job

likely to influence the decisions of applicants to accept job offers as well as attitudes and decisions of employees about whether or not to stay with an organization
Term
central tendency
Definition
rate in the middle
Term
strictness
Definition
rate everyone below middle
Term
solid performers
Definition
high motivation and high ability

reward their good performance, give feedback and offer development opportunities
Term
misdirected effort
Definition
high motivation and low ability

coach them; give frequent feedback; goal setting; training; restructured job design
Term
underutilizers
Definition
low motivation and high ability

honest and direct feedback; counseling; team building and conflict resolution; link rewards to performance outcomes; training for KSA's; manage stress levels
Term
deadwood
Definition
low motivation and low ability

fire them; demote them; outplacement; specific feedback; withholding raises
Term
if compa-ratio is #<1
Definition
speed up their pay to try to get them to the midpoint in the pay range
Term
if compa-ratio is #>1
Definition
give them a lump sum amount that is not compounded over the years
Term
Several pay setting approaches that we can use to develop a pay structure. what are they?
Definition
pay grades
pay policy line
market survey approach
Term
market survey approach
Definition
places greatest emphasis on external comparisons; bases pay on market surveys that cover as many key jobs as possible
Term
5 performance management criteria
Definition
strategic congruence, specificity, validity, reliability, acceptability
Term
strategic congruence
Definition
job performance congruent with company strategy
Term
paired comparison method
Definition
comparing one person to every other employee
Term
benchmark
Definition
instrument that measures factors important to being a good manager
Term
ways of withdrawal
Definition
leaving
internal transfer
absenteeism
tardiness
Term
range spread
Definition
distance between minimum and maximum within a pay grade
Term
comparable worth or pay equity
Definition
advocates remedies for any under evaluation of womens jobs
Term
davis bacon act
Definition
one of the acts that says federal contracts can't pay less than the prevailing wages in the area

this one covers construction contractors receiving more than 2000 in federal money
Term
walsh healy public contracts act
Definition
covers government contractors getting more than 10,000$ in federal money.

requires that federal contractors must pay no less than the prevailing area wages
Term
both davis bacon and walsh healy public contracts acts said that:
Definition
federal contractors must pay no less than the prevailing wages in the area
Term
equity theory suggests
Definition
that social comparisons are an important influence on how employees evaluate pay
Term
programs for measuring employee contributions
Definition
merit pay, skill based pay, incentive pay, gain sharing, profit sharing, ownership
Term
mediation
Definition
the third step in the alternative dispute resolution program

allows for a neutral third party outsider to hear disputes and decide in a non-binding way
Term
arbitration
Definition
fourth step in the alternative dispute resolution program

brings in someone who is generally a former judge or attorney to hear dispute and make decision. these are binding and generally require company contracts for them to happen.
Term
open door policy
Definition
the first stage in the adr

two people in the conflict attempt to arrive at a settlement together
Term
peer review
Definition
a panel composed of representatives from the organization that are at the same level of those people in the dispute hears the case and attempts to help the parties arrive a settlement
Term
progressive discipline
Definition
steps for resolving offenses that get progressively more serious

ex: verbal warning; written warning; second written warning with threat of suspension; suspension and last chance notification; termination with right to go to arbitration
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