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| An imagined figure inhabiting a narrative or drama. |
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| The resolution or conclusion of a literary work as plot complications are unraveled after the conclusion. |
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| "The people." They said the name Diné represented the time of suffering before the Long Walk, and that Navajo is the appropriate designation for the future |
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| The basic conflict that initiates a work or establishes a scene. It usually describes both a protagonist's motivation and the forces that oppose its realization |
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| A moment of insight, discovery, or revelation by which a character's life is greatly altered. It usually occurs near the end of the story. |
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| A brief, often humorous narrative told to illustrate a moral. The characters in fables are traditionally animals whose personality traits symbolize human traits. |
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| A scene relived in a character's memory. Flashbacks can be related by the narrator in a summary or they can be experienced by the characters themselves. |
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| In plot construction, the technique of arranging events and information in such a way that later events are prepared for, or shadowed, beforehand. |
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| A way to analyze a plot that consists of five elements in an ascending and descending manner. In the introduction, the plot, characters, and complication are introduced. This leads to the rising action, or the events that lead to the climax of the plot. At the point of highest dramatic tension, or at a major turning point in the plot, the audience finds the climax. This decisive moment in the narrative is when the rising action is reversed to falling action. The falling action, then, is made up of the events that follow the climax and lead to the denouement. The final outcome, result, or unraveling of the main dramatic complication is called the denouement. The denouement may involve a reversal in the protagonist's fortunes, usually as the result of a discovery (recognition of something of great importance previously unknown) by the protagonist. |
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| A Latin phrase meaning "in the midst of things" that refers to a narrative device of beginning a story midway into the event it depicts (usually at an exciting or significant moment) before explaining the context or preceding actions. |
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| A reference to a famous, historical, or biblical person or event. |
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| An element that recurs significantly throughout a narrative |
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| The 421 Navajo marines that volunteered in WWII |
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-Navajo corn and wheat = kneeldown bread, Navajo cakes, navajo pancakes.
-Wild foods = squash,corn,silk weed celery, wild onion, navajo spinach.
-Protein = mutton, all parts of the sheep are traditionally eaten, blood sausage, roasted internal organs, head, ribs
-Milk and Cheese = goat milk, goat cheese, wild potatoes w/wild edible clay, berries. |
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| A six sided usually made of wood, earth, and stones. The traditional house of the Navajo's. The doorway faces east to the sunrise to welcome the new day. |
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-Athabascan Family= related to Apache and Ojibawa (Chippewa) and native languages in Alaska.
-Tonal (four) language w/4 vowels, each can be nasalied, long, on one of the 4 tones-rising, falling, high, low.
-Verb is the key element
-Complex noun classes |
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-Navajos do not have any one word for religion
-Ceremonies are an important way of life-Nightway, Mountain Chant, Blessing Way.
-Navajos think of the universe as an orderly system of interrelated elements, all inclusive unity that contains good and evil. |
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1. Towering House People
2. One Walk Around Clan
3. Mud Clan
4. Bitter Water Clan |
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the art of pouring colored sands, powdered pigments from minerals or crystals, and pigments from other natural or synthetic sources onto a surface to make a fixed, or unfixed sand painting. In the sandpainting of southwestern Native Americans (the most famous of which are the Navajo), the Medicine Man (or Hatalii) paints loosely upon the ground of a hogan, where the ceremony takes place, or on a buckskin cloth or tarpaulin, by letting the colored sands flow through his fingers with control and skill. There are 600 to 1000 different traditional designs for sandpaintings which are known to the Navajo. They do not view the paintings as static objects, but as spiritual, living beings to be treated with great respect. More than 30 different sandpaintings may be associated with one ceremony.
The colors for the painting are eusually accomplished with naturally colored sand, crushed gypsum (white), yellow ochre, red sandstone, charcoal, and mixture of charcoal and gypsum(blue). Brown can be made by mixing red and black;red and white make pink. Other coloring agents include corn meal, flower pollen, or powdered roots and bark.
The paintings are for healing purposes only. Many of them contain images of Yeibicheii (the Holy People). While creating the painting, the medicine man will chant, asking the yeibicheii to come into the painting and help heal the patient. |
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| a person the supernatural ability to turn into any animal he or she desires. To be able to transform, legend sometimes requres that the skinwalker does wear a pelt of the animal, though this is not always considered necessary. Navajos do not talk about them or the powers of the dark side of their culture. |
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| A brief, usually allegorical narrative that teaches a moral. |
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| The particular arrangement of actions, events, and situations that unfold in a narrative. |
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| The perspective from which a story is told. |
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| Sacred Mountain: Hesperus Mountain |
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Direction: North
Stone: Black Jet
Color: Black symbolizes darkness |
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| Scared Mountain: Mount Blanca |
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Direction: East
Stone: White shell
Color: White symbolizes dawn |
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| Sacred Mountain: San Francisco Peaks |
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Direction: West
Stone: Abalone Shell
Color: Yellow symbolizes evening and twilight |
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| Sacred Mountain: Mount Taylor |
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Direction: South
Stone: Turquoise
Color: Blue symbolizes the sky |
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| The time and place of a literary work. |
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| All the distinctive ways in which an author, genre, movement, or historical uses language to create a literary work. |
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| A person, place, or thing in a narrative hat suggests meanings beyond its literal sense. |
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| A short narrative without a complex plot, he word originating from the Old English talu, or "speech" |
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-When the govnt removed 9,000 Navajos and marched them to Bosque Redondo (Fort Sumner) in NM.
-Kit Carson and the US Army used scorched earth policy.
-200 Navajos died during the 300 mile walk 2,000 died of smallpox at Fort Sumner.
-In 1868, the Navajo's were allowed to return to their original homes |
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| A generally recurring subject or idea conspicuously evident in a literary work. |
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| The attitude toward a subject conveyed in a literary work. Tone may be playful, sarcastic, ironic, sadl solemn, or any other possible attitude. |
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