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Structure: Layers/sheets of cells & little matrix.
Function: Covers/protects body surfaces and lines cavities.
Example: Skin, Lining of tracts, Glands |
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Structure: Sparse cells, lots of matrices, containing Fibers
Function: Supports Structures and transports substances.
Example: Bones, Cartilage/tendons, Fat and Blood. |
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Structure: Highly Cellular and comes in many types.
Function: Communication and coordination between head and body parts.
Example: Nerves, Sensory organs, brain and spinal cord. |
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Structure: Long fiber-like cells, strong fibers capable of pulling loads.
Function: Produces movement and heat.
Example: Muscles, skeletal, smooth and cardiac. |
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| Along Superior and Inferior |
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| Along one lateral from another lateral |
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| Along Posterior and Anterior |
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| Skull, Ribcage, Sternum, Manubrium, Cerebral Column, Sacroiliac Joint, Sacrum. |
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`Skull= Facial bones + Cranium
`Vertical Column
(Cervical:7)
(Thoracic:12)
(Lumbar:5)
(Sacrum and Coccyx are fused)
`Rib Cage+Ribs and sternum
(12 Ribs - Top 7: True Ribs, Bottom 5: False ribs, 11th and 12th Bones are Floating bones) |
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All bones that are not part of Axial Skeleton.
(Limbs: Arm, Forearm, Thigh, and leg)
(Hip Bone: Not pelvis as the sacrum is a part of the axial skeleton) |
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| Produces Bones (extracellular matrix) |
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| Reduces Bones (extracellular matrix) |
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Osteocytes are mature osteoblasts that have become trapped within the very bone matrix they produced. Osteocytes continue to form bone to some degree, which is important for maintaining the strength and health of the bone matrix.it communicates with nearby osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and even distant tissues and organs through multiple canaliculi that penetrate the surrounding bone. Like an octopus, each osteocyte extends tentacle-like dendrites into its canaliculi, and these dendrites allow the osteocyte to maintain direct contact with its neighbors.
By secreting substances through their dendrites, osteocytes can recruit or inhibit osteoclasts and osteoblasts and thus influence the remodeling of surrounding bone. |
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Definition: also known as cortical bone, is a denser material used to create much of the hard structure of the skeleton.
Function: The main structure in the body for support, protection, and movement. It is the preferred tissue for strength |
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Definition: Spongy bone, also known as trabecular bone, is a very porous type of bone found in animals. It is highly vascularized and contains red bone marrow. Usually located at the ends of the long bones (the epiphyses), with the harder compact bone surrounding it.
Function: Storage of Bone Marrow, Site of Erythropoiesis, Reduces the Weight of the Skeleton, adds Shock absorption to Bones and Stores Minerals. |
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Definition: A structural unit of bone consisting of a Haversian canal system and corresponding lamellae of compact bone. Also called the Haversian system.
Function: Maintaining Osteocytes by providing nutrients. |
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| Definition: Tubes of ECM with collagen fibers which are allined to resist forces. |
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| Definition: Contains blood vessels and nerves |
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| Definition: Lakes of osteocytes formed when osteocytes are trapped by their own osteoid secretion. |
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| Channels for osteocytes through ECM. Function: Are used to increase the amount of oxygen intake of the blood. They contain huge amounts of capillaries and are the sites where the exchange of oxygen from the water and carbon dioxide from the blood occurs. |
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| Located within lacunae in between lamellae of the surfaces of Trabeculae. |
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| Moving two surfaces of flesh closer (reducing angle) |
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| Moving two surfaces of flesh away (increasing angle) |
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| Feet points towards the face |
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| Feet are pointing to ground and is on "tippy toes". |
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| Moving a limb away from the body (Increasing Angle) |
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Moving a limb towards the body
(Decreasing angle) |
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| The movement of the limb in a circle and is a combination of shoulder abduction, shoulder adduction, Flexion and Extension. You can perform Circumduction with the arm, leg, finger or foot. |
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| A bone moving around a central axis |
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| The back of the hand is seen by the face |
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| The side of the foot is facing the midline |
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| The side of the foot is facing away from the midline |
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| Support, Protect, Movement, Calcium and Phosphate reserve (red marrow - axial skeleton), Fat storage (yellow marrow - appendicular skeleton) |
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Function: Physical protection, permeability, and secretions.
Examples: Epithelial tissues, and glands (Inwards pouches) |
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Description: Longer than they are wide, possess two epiphyses and a shaft(diaphysis).
FUNCTION: As leavers for movement |
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| Description: Near equal in width and length, weight-bearing, and mostly consist of cancellous bone. |
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Description: plates of compact bone (some have cancellous bone within them)
Function: attaches to muscles and offers protection. |
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| Description: Variable shape and function and often have holes in them. |
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| Location: also referred to as the collar bone, is an elongated, S-shaped bone that sits between the shoulder and sternum at the top of the ribcage. |
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| Location: is located in the upper arm, between the shoulder joint and the elbow joint. |
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| Location/minor description: The radius is the thicker and shorter of the two long bones in the forearm. It is located on the lateral side of the forearm parallel to the ulna. |
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| Description: It is the medial bone of the forearm. |
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| Description: The metacarpals are a group of five bones in the human hand, between the wrist (Carpal bones) and the finger bones. |
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| Phalanges (Hand and Feet) |
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| Description: The tubular bones forming the fingers and thumbs and big toes in human hands and feet are known as phalanges (singular term: phalanx). These are commonly referred to as the digital or finger/toe bones |
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| Description: The femur is found in the thigh. It is the largest bone in the body and is the only bone in the upper leg. |
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| Description: The tibia is the main long bone of the lower leg. It is commonly known as the shinbone and is felt easily along the anterior (front) of the leg below the knee. |
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| Description: The fibula is the slender long bone that is attached next to and a little below the tibia (shinbone). It bears very little body weight. |
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| Description: A set of eight irregularly shaped bones. These are located in the wrist area. |
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| Description: The bones of the fingers. Each finger has three phalanges, except for the thumb, which has two. |
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| Description: a set of seven irregularly shaped bones. They are situated proximally in the foot in the ankle area. |
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| Description: connected the phalanges to the tarsals. There are five in number – one for each digit. |
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| Description: the bones of the toes. Each toe has three phalanges – proximal, intermediate, and distal (except the big toe, which only has two phalanges). |
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