Term
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Definition
Atoms/molecules combine
energy is absorbed for bond formation
A+B -> AB |
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Molecule is broken down
chemical energy is released
AB -> A+B |
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Bonds made & broken
switch made between molecule parts and different molecules are made |
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contain carbon (except CO2 and CO)
example: Glucose C6H12O6 |
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Definition
Lack carbon; usually simplier
ex: water H2O |
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Definition
most abundant inorg. compound in body
high heat capacity
polarity/solvent
chemical reactivity
cushioning |
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Definition
| Become ions in the presence of water |
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Definition
high concentration of H+ ; low concentration of OH- ; 0-6 on pH scale
ex: gastric juice |
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low H+ high OH- ; 8-14 on pH
ex: blood |
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| chemicals that regulate pH change |
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contain carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen 1:2:1
ex: sugars and starches
monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide |
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Definition
monomers build to polymers
water is taken away and the synthesis of molecules occurs |
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Definition
polymers broken down into monomers
water is added and the lysis of the polymer occurs |
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Definition
aka fats; if glucose is not immediately needed, it will be converted to fats and stored
meat, egg yolks, milks and oils
neutral fats, phospholipids, and steriods
Carbon and Hydrogen outnumber Oxygen |
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Term
| Triglycerides/neutral fats |
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Definition
3 fatty acids and a glycerol
E shaped molecule
yield large amounts of energy |
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Definition
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Definition
| carbon double or triple bond |
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Term
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Definition
hydrophobic tail (nonpolar)
hydrophyllic head (polar)
cell membrane bilayer |
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Definition
cholesterol= most important
used to form vitamin D, sex hormones, coritsol, and bile salts |
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Definition
50% of organic matter in body
varried functions |
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Definition
building blocks of proetins
amine group (nitrogen base) + acid group
form chains and create a functional protein; peptide bonds form |
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Definition
structure proteins; strand-like
ex: collagen, cartilage, kertin |
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Definition
| structure proteins; spherical molecules; 3-D structures helf in place by hydrogen bonds; do things rather than just provide structure; function depends on active sites on surface that interact chemically w/ other molecules |
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| functional proteins; biological catalysts; increase rate of chem. rxns; end in -ase |
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| blue prints of life; C, O, H, N, P |
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| building blocks of nucleic acids; nitrogen containing base, 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
1. A - adenine
2. G- guanine
3. C- cytosine
4. T- thymine
5. U - uracil |
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Definition
| deoxyribonucleic acid; A, T, C, G |
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Definition
| ribonucleic acid; A, U, C, G |
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| Adenosine triphosphate; chemical energy used by all cells; energy release by breaking phosphate bonds; oxidation replenishes ATP |
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Definition
| the study of structure and shape of body and its parts |
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| the study of how the body and its parts work or function |
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| atoms, molecules, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
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| skin; forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury |
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| cartilages, joints, bones; protects and supports body organs; provide muscle attachment for movement; site of blood cell formation |
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| allows for locomotion; maintains posture; produces heat |
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| fast acting control system; responds to internal and external change |
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| secretes regulatory hormones; growth, metabolism, reproduction |
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| transports materials via blood pumped by heart; oxygen, CO2, nutrients, wastes |
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| returns fluids to blood vessels; disposes of debris; involved in immunity |
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| keeps blood supplied with oxygen; removes CO2 |
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| breaks down food; allows for nutrient absorbtion into blood; elliminates indigestible material |
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| elliminates nitrogenous wastes; maintains acid base balance; regulates materials (water & electrolytes) |
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Definition
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| Necessary Life Functions (8) |
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Definition
| maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth |
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Definition
| maintenance of a stable internal environment or a dynamic state of equilibrum; must be maintained for normal body functioning and to sustain life |
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Term
| Homeostatic control mechanisms are controlled by what systems? |
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Definition
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| responds to changes in the environment (stimuli); sends info. to control center |
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| (Brain) determines the set point; analyzes information; determines appropriate response |
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Term
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| provides a means for response to the stimulus |
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| Negative feedback mechanism |
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Definition
| shuts of original stimulus or reduces its intensity |
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| Positive feedback mechanism |
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Definition
| rare; increase original stimulus to push it farther from the original value |
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Term
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Definition
| body erect; arms at side; palms forward; feet together |
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Term
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Definition
| above or towards upper body vs. below or away from head |
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Term
| Anterior (ventral) vs. Posterior (dorsal) |
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Definition
| towards front of body vs. towars bckside of body |
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Definition
| away from the midline of body vs. towards the midline of body |
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Term
| Proximal vs. Distal (arms and legs only) |
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Definition
| close to joint or point of attachment vs. further from joint or point of attachment |
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Term
| Superficial (external) vs. Deep (internal) |
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Definition
| towards bod surface vs. away from body surface |
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Definition
| anterior surface of body trunk; inferior to ribs |
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| anterior surface of elbow |
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| groin; thigh meets body trunk |
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| anterior area over pelvis |
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| curve of shoulder posterior |
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| area between hips and between buttock cheeks |
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| area of spine from occipital to sacral |
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| cut used to prepare to look at the internal structure of the body |
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Definition
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Definition
| cut along the lengthwise or longitudinal plane of body dividing body into left and right parts |
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Term
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Definition
| medial plane; if the saggital cute makes two equal left and right parts |
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Term
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Definition
| makes frontal plane; cut made along lengthwise plane that divides body into anterior and posterior parts |
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Term
| Transverse/horizontal plane |
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Definition
| cut made along horizontal plane dividing body/organs into superior and inferior parts |
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Term
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Definition
| cranial cavity; spinal cavity |
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Term
| Ventral body cavities (2) |
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Definition
1. thoracic cavity
2. abdominal peliv cavity |
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