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Proton + Neutron (neutral) electron - |
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charges of the 3 particles (atom) |
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3 principle particles that compose an atom |
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P - inside N - inside E - outside |
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p- 1amu n- 1amu e- negligible |
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atomic # of an atom is based on |
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Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur |
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same number of protons , diff #of neutrons |
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1st K - 2e 2nd L - 8e 3rd M - 8e |
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how many electrons can each energy shell or orbit hold? |
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inert - correct amt of N reactive - w/ other to get more e |
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transfer of an electron or electrons from 1 atom to another
oppositely charged ions are formed
oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other and an ionic bond forms |
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formation of an ionic bond |
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atom of the water molecule is highly electronegative |
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Universal Solvent -most substances dissolve in water -subs. r ions or polar covalent molec, attract polar water molec -chemical reactions occur more effici when mmol. dissolved |
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resists changes in temp. -lrg amt of energy 2 change the temp. of water -requires the breaking of hydrogen bonds and therefore requires extra energy -pond..etc changes temp.thus making it easier 4 aquatic organisms to maintain homeostasis |
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*Universal Solvent *Cohesive & Adhesive *Resists Changes in Temperature *Resist Change of State to a Gas *Becomes less Dense When it Freezes |
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is like water has more oxygen - oxygen forms a polar covalent bonds w/ carbon or hydrogen & so glucose has partial charges |
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afraid of water; no O (non polar) |
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hydrophobic : lrg % of C H w/ lil O |
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common physical property lipids have |
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1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids (triglycerides) |
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building blocks of fats and oils |
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- polymers of Amino Acids
amino + carboxyl group |
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2gether - dehydration apart- hydrogenation |
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process by amino acids are joined 2gether and taken apart |
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covalent bond formed b/w 2 amino acids |
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DNA molecule is the blueprint |
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what determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins |
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primary - str8 secondary- coiling / pleated sheets tertiary- (functional) complex 3d shape quaternary-^same more |
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4 levels of protein organization |
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when heat or extremes of ph break the bonds that are responsible for protein's 3D shape - the protein is said to be denatured |
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denature a protein cause of denaturation |
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enzymes collagen many hormones hemoglobin |
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major organs of digestive system + function |
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close over the trachea to prevent bolus entering the trachea |
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the fluid in the stomach in the duodenum |
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