Term
What is the study of how people interact with their environments? |
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Definition
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Term
Human factors ____ information about human behavior, abilities, limitations and other characteristics ____ of tools, machines, tasks, jobs, and environments for ____ human use |
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Definition
discovers and applies to the design productive, safe, comfortable, and effective |
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Term
What three principles are involved IN HUMAN FACTORS? |
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Definition
RESEARCH, APPLICATION AND PERFORMANCE |
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Term
Why study Human Factors in Aviation and ATC Operations? 5 THINGS |
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Definition
1.Human Factors is the #1 accident cause. 2.Trial and error is a long, expensive, and dangerous process. 3.Aviation and ATC environments have wide fluctuations in activity and demands. 4.Human factors errors tend to be repeated and are preventable. 5.Ineffective performance places valuable resources at risk. |
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Term
WHAT % OF ACCIDENTS IS CAUSED BY HUMANS? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS? |
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Definition
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Term
IN HUMAN FACTOR PRINCIPLES, WHAT ABOUT THE USER DO WE HAVE TO KEEP IN MIND? |
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Definition
SIZE, CAPABILITIES, AND TRAINING OF THE USER |
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Term
WHAT ARE THREE HUMAN FACTOR MISCONCEPTIONS? |
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Definition
HUMAN FACTOR IS NOT; -APPLYING CHECKLIST AND GUIDELINES -APPLYING AN INDIVIDUAL AS A MODEL -COMMON SENSE |
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Term
HUMAN FACTORS IS NOT APPLYING A CHECKLIST AND GUIDELINES BUT |
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Definition
A COMPLETE EVALUATION OF THE SITUATION IS NEEDED |
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Term
HUMAN FACTORS IS NOT APPLYING AN INDIVIDUAL AS A MODEL BUT |
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Definition
A RANGE OF USERS IS NEEDED |
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Term
HUMAN FACTORS IS NOT COMMON SENSE SINCE ITS |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THE FIVE FACETS OF THE SHELL MODEL? |
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Definition
SOFTWARE HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT LIVEWARE(OTHER) LIVEWARE(SELF) |
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Term
NAME THE FOUR INTERFACES OF THE SHELL MODEL? |
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Definition
SOFTWARE-LIVEWARE HARDWARE-LIVEWARE ENVIRONMENT-LIVEWARE LIVEWARE-LIVEWARE |
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Term
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Definition
INSTRUCTIONS
EX; Laws, regulations, company policies Social norms, manners, or customs |
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Term
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Definition
Physical man-made equipment
Examples: Chairs, desks, keyboards. Cockpit and ATC information displays. Readability of gauges and placards. Reach and angle of controls. Alarm noises |
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Term
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Definition
All physically present environmental conditions
Examples: Temperature, wind, humidity Noise, vibration Light levels, visibility |
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Term
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Definition
OTHER PEOPLE THAT YOURSELF -PEOPLE YOU INTERACT WITH IN ORDER TO COMPLETE MISSION.
EX:Crew members / Cabin Crew Air Traffic Control Passengers Other flight crews Maintenance Personnel Law Enforcement/Security |
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Term
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Definition
What condition are you in physically, mentally, and emotionally? Who are you, how do you function? |
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Term
A WOMEN RUNNING AT 2:00AM IN SINGAPORE IS WHAT INTERFACE? |
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Definition
SOFTWARE-LIVEWARE
RULES ARE VERY STRICT THERE |
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Term
MAN RUNNING IN MOP-4 EQUIPMENT WOULD HAVE A HARD TIME TO RUN IS WHAT INTERFACE? |
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Definition
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Term
THERE ARE CLEAR SKIES WHEN RUNNING, OR FOG CAUSES AN ACCIDENT IS WHAT INTERFACE? |
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Definition
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Term
COMMUNICATING OR INTERACTING WITH SOMEONE IS WHAT INTERFACE? |
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Definition
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Term
INTERFACE, A cold cockpit decreases dexterity IS A? |
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Definition
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Term
Mandatory dismissal decreases cheating IS WHAT INTERFACE? |
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Definition
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Term
Tiny keyboards decrease typing speed? |
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Definition
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Term
Group cohesion decreases disagreements? |
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Definition
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Term
Heavy gloves decrease grip strength? |
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Definition
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Term
Clear communication improves understanding? |
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Definition
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Term
Fatigue affected the student’s exam grade? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT IS THE ABILITY TO PROCESS INFORMATION? |
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Definition
COGNITIVE PROCESSING BRAIN WORKING |
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Term
WHAT IS THE JOB OF THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM? CAN THE NERVES BE MODIFIED? |
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Definition
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Term
NERVES ARE VERY FRAGILE, WHAT ARE THREE THINGS THEY NEED? |
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Definition
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Term
mental processes require attention to be completed IS? |
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Definition
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Term
processes require little or no attention to be completed IS? |
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Definition
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Term
MOST OF OUR PERCEPTION IS ______? |
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Definition
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Term
Conscious and subconscious processing can be differentiated by the amount of ____ required? |
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Definition
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Term
The ability to gather and interpret sensory information IS? |
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Definition
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Term
OUR PERCEPTION CAN BE MODIFIED BY? |
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Definition
EXPERIENCE, CONFIDENCE, AND MOTIVATION |
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Term
____ can be influenced by your thoughts or paradigms? |
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Definition
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Term
____vision is where your acuity and color vision are best? |
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Definition
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Term
what is used for detecting motion, speed and orientation? |
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Definition
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Term
what is this called if a normal runway line is always there but if it were painted smaller it would be an? |
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Definition
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Term
__% OF OUR PERCEPTION IS VISUAL? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
OBJECTS IN OUR VISUAL FIELD ARE EASIER TO DETECT |
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Term
WHAT CAN EFFECT FOCUSING OR TRACKING AN OBJECT? |
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Definition
VIBRATION AND ACCELERATION |
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Term
WHAT SENSES ARE EFFECTED BY VISUAL PERCEPTION? |
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Definition
SMELL, HEARING, VESTIBULAR SENSATIONS |
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Term
When things don’t make senSE WHAT MAY BE THE source of problem? |
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Definition
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Term
Describes human information processing IS? |
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Definition
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Term
What are resources? (4 levels) |
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Definition
STAGES INPUT SOURCES PROCESSING CODES RESPONSE TYPE |
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Term
MRT STAGES HAS WHAT TWO STAGES UNDER IT? |
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Definition
PERCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE STAGE RESPONSE SELECTION AND EXECUTION STAGE |
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Term
STAGES REFERS TO WHAT LEVEL OF ____IS NEEDED? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
WHAT SENSES YOU ARE USING |
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Term
PROCESSING CODES IS LIKE? |
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Definition
SOLVING A MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM |
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Term
MRT RESPONSES, WHAT ACTIONS DO I PERFORM? |
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Definition
VOICE AND MOTOR(MOVEMENT) |
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Term
PERCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE STAGE REQUIRES? |
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Definition
A HIGH LEVEL OF THOUGHT OR IS HARD |
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Term
RESPONSE SELECTION AND EXECUTION STAGE REQUIRES? |
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Definition
NOT MUCH THOUGHT AND EASY |
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Term
What stage would walking and not counting steps would be? |
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Definition
RESPONSE SELECTION AND EXECUTION |
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Term
WHAT STAGE WOULD HAVING TO EXPLAIN THE GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE BE? |
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Definition
PERCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE STAGE |
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Term
WHAT ARE THE TWO PRIMARTY TASKS PERFORMED IN PROCESSING CODES? |
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Definition
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Term
SPACIAL SKILLS REFERS TO_____ LANGUAGE SKILL REFERS TO_____ |
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Definition
AIRPORT IN RELATION TO NANTUCKET-THINKING ABOUT DIRECTION
READING A WORD |
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Term
MRT: Responses What resources are used to perform tasks? |
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Definition
LANGUAGE AND MOTOR SKILLS |
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Term
Example 1 What resources are used? Driving a car Conversation |
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Definition
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Term
Example 2 What resources are used? Driving a car Texting (Cellphone) |
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Definition
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Term
Our ability to direct resources to an area of interest or need IS? |
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Definition
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Term
FOUR TYPES OF ATTENTION ARE? |
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Definition
SELECTIVE FOCUS DIVIDED SUSTAINED |
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Term
When performing two tasks, interference increases as? |
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Definition
task demands increase, or there is greater sharing of resources. |
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Term
IMPROVING SELECTICE ATTENTION, Decrease the number of sources you have to monitor. This would decrease __ __ ? WHAT COULD YOU DO WITH THE GUAGES TO IMPROVE THIS? |
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Definition
LOAD STRESS PUT THEM CLOSER TOGETHER |
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Term
____ IS AN EXAMPLE OF sELECTIVE ATTENTION? ________ IS AN EXAMPLE OF FOCUSED ATTENTION? ____ IS AN EXAMPLE OF DIVIDED ATTENTION? ____ IS AN EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINED ATTENTION? |
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Definition
-INSTRUMENT FLYING(UNDER PRESSURE WE TEND TO USE LESS RESOURCES) -WATCHING A MOVIE(SINGLE SOURCE AT ONCE) -MANUVERING WHILE TALKING ON RADIO(TWO TASKS AT ONCE) -MONITORING YOUR SURROUNDINGS |
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Term
YOUR NAME, ADDRESS, AND OTHER STUFF THAT CAN EASILY BE PULLED OUT OF YOUR BRAIN, Well-developed nerve pathways IS CALLED AN? |
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Definition
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Term
LOAD STRESS VS. SPEED STRESS wHICH is a greater factor in performance? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT IS A DISTRACTION WITH FOCUSED ATTENTION? |
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Definition
GETTING A TEXT WHILE WATCHING A MOVIE |
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Term
SUSTAINED ATTENTION, WHAT ARE 2 GUIDELINES? |
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Definition
KEEP OPERATED MOTIVATED MAKE SIGNALS EASIER TO DETECT |
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Term
_____ sharing impacts performance? |
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Definition
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Term
wHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF MEMORY? |
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Definition
SHORT, LONG , AND SENSORY MEMORY |
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Term
WHAT TYPE OF MEMORY... NO ATTENTION REQUIRED TEMPORARY STORAGE PROCESS IT BUT DONT REMEMBER |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT TYPE OF MEMORY... LIMITED CAPACITY ATTENTION IS REQUIRED SHORT DURATION |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT TYPE OF MEMORY... RETAIN INFO FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME |
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Definition
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Term
The ability of the brain to organize, store, and retrieve information IS? |
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Definition
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Term
AUDITORY AND VISUAL ARE WHAT TYPE OF MEMORY? |
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Definition
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Term
Information is encoded several ways, WHAT ARE THE THREE WAYS IN SHORT TERM MEMORY TO ENCODE? |
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Definition
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Term
VISUAL IS___ PHONETIC IS____ SEMANTIC IS____ |
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Definition
VISUAL AUDITORY INFO W/ MEANING |
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Term
WHERE ARE ENGRAMS FORMED? |
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Definition
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Term
Transfer IN LONG TERM MEMORY is by ____ coding OR WHAT CODING IS USED IN LONG TERM MEMORY? |
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Definition
semantic - INFO W/ MEANING |
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Term
Interference with motor skill development, WHAT ARE THE TWO DISTRACTIONS? |
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Definition
1.Distraction in the early learning phases 2.Inadequate time to develop basic skills |
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Term
WHAT ARE SOME TECHNIQUES TO OPTIMIZE LEARNING? (4) |
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Definition
CREATE ENGRAMS, BE ORGANIZED, DEVELOPE SEMANTIC CODING, STUDY |
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Term
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Definition
A decision, opinion or conclusion after due consideration A SKILL SET THAT IS DEVELOPED AND TAKES STEPS |
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Term
_____ is the sum of awareness management, decision-making, and risk assessment. |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT ARE THE TWO FORM OF JUDGEMENT? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT JUDGEMENT TAKES ALOT OF THINKING? WHAT JUDGEMENT IS EASY TO LEARN AND IS MOSTLY THINGS YOU ALREADY KNOW? |
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Definition
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Term
WHEN YOU FIRST LEARN TO FLY IT IS ____ BUT THE MORE YOU DO IT THEN IT BECOMES _____ |
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Definition
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Term
_____TRAINING IS WHEN YOU ARE TRAINED INCORRECTLY WHERE AS_____ IS WHEN WE TEACH OURSELVES THE WRONG WAY TO DO SOMETHING OR NEVER HAD A PROBLEM SO YOU THINK ITS OK? |
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Definition
IMPROPER, VICARIOUS LEARNING |
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Term
Decisions based on your experience with the situation or problem IS? |
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Definition
Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD) |
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Term
WHEN YOUR INSTRUCTOR PULLS THE STALL HORN SO THAT WAY YYOU CAN RECONIZE4 IT IS ? |
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Definition
Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD) |
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Term
wHAT IS A CHALLENGE TO Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD)? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
PEICE OF INFO THAT DOESNT FIT THE STORY |
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Term
Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD) DEPEND UPON WHAT? |
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Definition
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Term
RATIONAL CHOICE DECISIONS ARE USED TO ? |
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Definition
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Term
wHATS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD) AND RATIONAL CHOICE? |
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Definition
Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD) IS SOMETHING THAT IS BASED ON EXPERIENCE WHERE RATIONAL CHOICE IS MOSTLY AN UNFAMILIAR SITUATION |
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Term
Jensen and Trollip'S Judgment Process Model HAS WHAT 8 ASPECTS? |
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Definition
BADRAPPV -BACKGROUND -ACTION -DECISION -RISK ANALYSIS -ALTERNATIVE GENERATION -PROBLEM DISCOVERY -PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS -VIGILANCE |
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Term
VIGILANCE NEEDS TWO THINGS TO MAKE IT HAPPEN, WHAT ARE THEY? |
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Definition
ATTENTION(BE ALERT) AND KNOW WHAT YOUR LOOKING FOR (KNOWLEDGE)
(LOOKING FOR AND EXPECTING PROBLEMS) |
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Term
What degrades your vigilance? |
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Definition
NOT PAYING ATTENTION, NO KNOWLEGE |
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Term
Recognition of a change in status, with or without warning IS? |
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Definition
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Term
PROBLEM DISCOVERY IS KNOW WHAT IS ____? |
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Definition
NORMAL AND WHAT IS NOT NORMAL (CHANGE IN THE STATUS OF FLIGHT) |
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Term
CHANGING THE DESIGN IN CARS WHEN APPLYING A THIRD BRAKE IS WHAT JUGEMENT PROCESS? |
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Definition
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Term
Correctly identifying the problem IS? |
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Definition
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Term
Recalling or creating options OR IDENTIFYING A SERIES OF ALTERNATIVES THAT MAY BE AVAILABLE TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM IS? |
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Definition
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Term
The aspect asks: ‘What is the likelihood and impact of failure of each option? IS AN EXAMPLE OF? EX:PILOT DETERMINES THE RISK INVOLVED IN EACH ALTERNATIVE... |
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Definition
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Term
Emotional aspects that influence decisions IS? ALSO, A MAJOR PART IN THE COGNITIVE PROCESS |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT ARE SOME COMMON BACKGROUND PROBLEMS? |
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Definition
PEER PRESSURE, FINANCIAL PRESSURE, ILLNESS AND FATIGUE |
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Term
ACTUALY CHOOSING YOUR OPTION OR THE PILOTS MIND IS ALREADY MADE UP, YOU HAVE CHOSEN YOUR PATH, AND NOW READY TO ACT IS? |
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Definition
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Term
How do we develop skills to make decisions? |
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Definition
DO THING OR TO JUST DO IT |
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Term
The process of coordinating actions to carry out your choice OR THE ONE THAT THE PILOT ACTS ON DECISION IS? |
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Definition
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Term
RC model: In which step of the RC Model did the individual fail? While the student knows the answer to the professor’s question, they fail to participate in the class because they don’t want to appear wrong in front of their colleagues.
What step in the Rational choice model failed? |
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Definition
PEER PRESSURE, BACKGROUND BACKGROUND AFFECTED? ACTION |
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Term
RC Problem #2 The VFR pilot was desperately looking out the window for a hole in the clouds (for over 30 seconds) when he lost control of the aircraft. NTSB: He failed to monitor his instruments to maintain a flyable attitude.
What step in the Rational choice model failed? __________________________ |
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Definition
VIGILENCE, FAILED TO USE RESOURCES |
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Term
RC Problem #3 Although he could hear the whine and flopping noise from his right rear tire, he thought it was normal on this rough, gravel road. The car actually had a flat tire and he lost control. NDSHP: He failed to recognize the tire failure.
What step in the Rational choice model failed? __________________________ |
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Definition
DISCOVERY, FAILED TO NOTICE THE TIRE WAS NORMAL OR NOT |
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Term
RC Problem #4 Following an engine failure on takeoff at an altitude of 200 feet AGL, a pilot attempts to turn 180 degrees to return to the runway instead of landing on a field straight ahead. He later states he wanted to minimize damage to his aircraft by going back to the runway.
What step in the Rational choice model failed? __________________________ |
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Definition
RISK ANALYSIS, DIDNT THINK OF RISK |
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Term
RC Problem #5 The student got a flat tire on the way to the first block exam. He decided to drop the class as he thought is was an automatic failure to miss a block exam in Human Factors.
What step in the Rational choice model failed? __________________________ |
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Definition
ALTERNATE GENERATION, CREATING OPTIONS, DIDNT KNOW HE COULD RETAKE |
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Term
RATIONAL CHOICES ARE ____ WHILE rpd ARE _____? |
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Definition
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Term
____is a preference in the way we approach decisions, based on our prior experience? |
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Definition
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Term
Our experience creates _____ assumptions, which filter information and impact our decisions. |
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Definition
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Term
Humans seek more information than they can absorb in a given time IS WHAT BIAS? |
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Definition
SHORT TERM MEMORY ISSUE, THINK WE ARE SMARTER THAN WE ARE |
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Term
Humans tend not to extract enough information from sources IS? |
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Definition
COMMON HUMAN PARADIGM WE THINK WE KNOW ALL THE ANSWERS |
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Term
Early information is considered more important or accurate OR We consider all information to be equally reliable, when it is not IS AN EXAMPLE OF? |
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Definition
IRRATIONAL DECISION AMKING |
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Term
_____ is more often a result of poor planning/inefficiency rather than an emergency |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT ARE THE THREE HUMAN Responses to Time Pressure? |
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Definition
ACCELERATING, FILTERING, AND PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES CHANGE |
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Term
Faster pace of activity, eliminating rests, pauses, or interruptions. ALSO, FOING TO FAST IS? |
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Definition
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Term
Prioritize information received, using only what is needed, Negative information receives a higher priority IS? |
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Definition
FILTERING
ONLY READING A FEW KEY WORDS |
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Term
Strategies don’t use all of the information available Strategies look at the single most critical aspect of the situation and react to it. Strategies make use of less information IS? |
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Definition
PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES CHANGE
DOING SOMETHING DIFFERENT THAN BEFORE |
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Term
Attention Anomalies, WHAT Redirects attention and perception resources elsewhere? |
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Definition
DISTRACTION
FOCUS ATTENTION |
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Term
ATTENTION ANOMALIES, WHAT is focused attention inappropriate for the situation? |
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Definition
CHANNELED ATTENTION
FIXATION, FOCUS ATTENTION |
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Term
is when our perceptual and processing capabilities are overwhelmed? |
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Definition
TASK SATURATION
TOO MUCH GOING ON |
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Term
WHAT is ignoring a predictable and recurrent input? |
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Definition
HABITUATION
BOY WHO CRUED WOLF |
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Term
WHAT IS IT WHEN YOU ARE EXPOSED TO SOMETHING SO MUCH YOU DONT EVEN NOTICE IT ANYMORE? |
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Definition
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Term
the process of using procedures from a previous setting inappropriately in a current setting IS? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF NEGATIVE TRANSFER? |
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Definition
GOING FROM A STICK TO A AUTOMATIC
YOU LOOK FOR A CLUTCH WHEN THERE ISNT ONE |
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Term
our perception can be altered by our expectation of what we are about to perceive IS? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF EXPECTANCY? |
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Definition
TENERIFE ACCIDENT GOT POSITION AND HOLD BUT THOUGHT TAKE OFF INSTEAD CAUSE HE EXPECTED IT |
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Term
_____ can be the result of an incorrect action or be due to failing to detect or report a previously committed error? |
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Definition
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Term
Three Types of Errors ARE? |
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Definition
-Decisional (Errors of Intention) -Procedural AND Perceptual Motor (Errors of Execution) |
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Term
ERROR OF INTENTION MEANS_____ ERROR OF EXECUTION MEANS_____ |
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Definition
-DID WHAT YOU WANTED TO DO -WANTED TO DO THE RIGHT THING BUT SOMETHING WENT WRONG |
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Term
An error in which you performed an act which you intended, but was later determined that act was incorrect IS? |
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Definition
DECISIONAL
taking off with a 20 knot tailwind flying under bridges continuing flight into IFR conditions with inadequate training or equipment |
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Term
When the operator intended to do something other than what happened IS? |
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Definition
PROCEDURAL AND PERCEPTUAL MOTOR ERROR |
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Term
Intending to performing one task, but incorrectly performing another IS? |
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Definition
PROCEDURAL ERROR
TYPING A PAPER, YOU MISSED A KEY, AND SPELT THE WRONG WORD |
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Term
NEGATIVE TRANSFER IS A ___? |
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Definition
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Term
These errors result due to faulty perception / interpretation or poor motor control IS? |
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Definition
PERCEPUTAL MOTOR ERROR
A lack of understanding of what you see and hear, or an inadequate development of skill |
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Term
Tripping on the stairs Entering a spin after stall recovery Misreading instruments ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF? |
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Definition
PROCEPTUAL MOTOR ERROR
VISUAL ILLUSIONS |
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Term
The aircraft crashed short of the runway after a deteriorating airspeed and flight path while on approach. Upon investigation, you determined …
How could this error be decisional? |
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Definition
NO USEABLE FUEL BUT TOOK OFF ANYWAYS |
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Term
The aircraft crashed short of the runway after a deteriorating airspeed and flight path while on approach. Upon investigation, you determined … How could this error be procedural? How could this error be perceptual motor? |
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Definition
- TANKS NEEDED SWITCHED SO YOU MEANT TO SWITCH THEM BUT TURNED THEM OFF -WASNT WATCHING AIRSPEED INDICATOR |
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Term
What error type? At the beginning of the flight, he lifted off into a hover, and then performed a pedal-turn into the wind prior to entering translational lift. During the turn, the snow pad on one of the helicopter's skids caught in some tall brush, resulting in a dynamic rollover into the terrain. According to the pilot, there was no problem with the helicopter's flight controls, but he simply failed to see that there was tall brush (approximately six feet high) behind and to the right of the aircraft. |
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Definition
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Term
What error type? The Lear 35A was substantially damaged during an in-flight recovery after the captain attempted an intentional aileron roll maneuver during cruise flight and lost control. The captain reported the airplane was "functioning normally" prior to the intentional aileron roll maneuver. The captain stated that the "intentional roll maneuver got out of control" while descending through flight level 200, they experienced "excessive G-loads" during the subsequent recovery. |
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Definition
DECISIONAL-INTENTIONAL ROLL OVER PERCEPRTUAL ERROR-OUT OF CONTROL |
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Term
What type of error? Controllers were in the process of changing the runway configuration from landing and departing from the west to landing and departing to the east. The tower local controller instructed a Boeing 757, "cleared for take off runway 9, fly heading 110 at the marker". Controller then saw an aircraft on landing roll on runway 27 and noticed there were still other aircraft inbound for runway 27 and instructed the 757 to abort the takeoff. |
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Definition
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Term
A series of errors, or chain, creating conditions favorable for an accident IS? |
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Definition
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Term
One error increases the likelihood of the significance of subsequent errors IS AN EXAMPLE OF? |
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Definition
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Term
HOW DO WE DECREASE ERROR FREQUENCY? |
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Definition
CHECKLIST, READ BACK CLEARANCES |
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Term
HOW DO WE REDUCE ERROR CONSEQUENCE? |
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Definition
SEAT BELTS, AIR BAGS, ETL |
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