• ORIGIN: manubrium of sternum & medial portion of clavicle

• INSERTION: mastoid process of temporal bone & superior nuchal line of occipital bone

• ACTION: head flexion, rotates head towards opposite side 

• NERVE: accessory nerve 
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transverse abdominis 

• ORIGIN: inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, iliac crest
• INSERTION: linea alba, pubic crest
• ACTION: compresses abdominal contents
• NERVE: Intercostals

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• ORIGIN: pubic crest & sym - physis
• INSERTION: xyphoid process & costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 
• ACTION: flex and rotate lumbar, fix and depress ribs, stabilize pelvis, increases intra-abdominal pressure
• NERVE: intercostals 

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• ORIGIN: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 - T12
• INSERTION: spine & acromion of scapula, lateral 3rd of clavicle
• ACTION: stabilizes raises and retracts scapula, elevates scapula or synergist to head extension, depresses scapula and shoulder. 
• NERVE: accessory nerve 

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• ORIGIN: transverse processes of C1-C4
• INSERTION: medial border of scapula, superior to spine
• ACTION: elevates and adducts scapula, tilts glenoid cavity down, and flexes neck to same side. 
• NERVE: cervical spinal, dorsal scapular nerve 

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• ORIGIN: r 56 sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, & aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
• INSERTION: by a short tendon into intertubercular groove of humerus
• ACTION: agonist of arm flexion • rotates arm medially • adducts arm against resistance • pulls rib cage upward with scapula fixed
• NERVE: Lateral & medial pectoral nerves

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latissimus dorsi 

• ORIGIN:via lumbodorsal fascia t
• INSERTION: intertubercular groove of humerus
• ACTION: • agonist of arm extension • powerful arm adductor • medially rotates arm & shoulder • depresses scapula • pulls body upward & forward with arms fixed overhead
• NERVE: thoracodorsal

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• ORIGIN: supraspinous fossa of scapula
• INSERTION: superior part of greater tubercle of humerus
• ACTION: • stabilizes shoulder joint • helps prevent downward dislocation of humerus
• NERVE: SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE 

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• ORIGIN: infraspinous fossa of scapula
• INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus, posterior to supraspinatus
• ACTION: • helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity • stabilizes the shoulder joint • rotates humerus laterally
• NERVE: suprascapular 

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• ORIGIN: lateral border of dorsal scapular surface
• INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus, inferior to infraspinatus
• ACTION: same as infraspinatus
• NERVE: axillary nerve
•  [image]

• ORIGIN: subscapular fossa of scapula
• INSERTION:lesser tubercle of humerus
• ACTION:• chief medial rotator of humerus, assisted by pectoralis major • helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stablizes shoulder
• NERVE: Subcapular nerve

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• ORIGIN: long head (65-1): tubercle above glenoid cavity and lip of glenoid cavity of scapula short head: (65-2): coracoid process of scapula
• INSERTION: by common tendon to radial tuberosity
• ACTION:  flexes elbor joint & supinates forearm (usually at the same time) • weak flexor of arm @ shoulder
• NERVE: Musculocutaneous nerve

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• ORIGIN: front of distal humerus
• INSERTION: coronoid process of ulna
• ACTION:  major forearm flexor, synergist with biceps brachii
• NERVE:Musculocutaneous nerve

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• ORIGIN: lateral supracondylar ridge @ distal end of humerus
• INSERTION: base of styloid process of radius
• ACTION: • synergist in forearm flexion, best when forearm is partially flexed • stablizes the elbow during rapid flexion & extension
• NERVE: radial 

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• ORIGIN: posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove
• INSERTION: by common tendon into olacrenon process of ulna
• ACTION:  agonist of forearm extension (medial head) • antagonist of forearm flexors • stablizes shoulder joint & assist in arm adduction (long head tendon)
• NERVE: radial 

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• ORIGIN: anterior superior iliac spine
• INSERTION: medial aspect of proximal tibia
• ACTION: • flexes, abducts & laterally rotates the thigh • flexes knee (weak)
• NERVE: femoral nerve 

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• ORIGIN: inferior ramus & body of pubis, ischial ramus
• INSERTION: medial surface of tibial shaft just inferior to medial condyle
• ACTION: • adducts thigh • flexes & medially rotates leg (when walking)
• NERVE: obturator nerve 

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• ORIGIN:dorsal ilium, sacrum & coccyx
• INSERTION: gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract
• ACTION: • major extensor of thigh • laterally rotates & abducts thigh • inactive during standing
• NERVE: inferior gluteal nerve 

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• ORIGIN:lateral surface of ilium between anterior & posterior gluteal lines
• INSERTION:via short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter 
• ACTION: • abducts thigh • anterior part rotates hip medially • posterior part rotates hip lateraly
• NERVE: superior gluteal nerve 

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• ORIGIN: long head (a): ischial tuberosity short head (b): linea aspera & distal femur
• INSERTION: by common tendon into head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia
• ACTION: • extends thigh & flexes knee • laterally rotates leg when knee is flexed
• NERVE: sciatic nerve 

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• ORIGIN: iscial tuberosity
• INSERTION: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
• ACTION: • extends thigh & flexes knee • medially rotates leg with semimembranosus
• NERVE: sciatic nerve 

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Semimembranosus

• ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity
• INSERTION: medial condyle of tibia
• ACTION: • extends thigh & flexes knee • medially rotates leg
• NERVE: sciatic nerve 

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• ORIGIN: anterior inferior iliac spine & superior margin of acetabulum
• INSERTION: patella & tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
• ACTION: • extends knee • flexes thigh @ hip
• NERVE: femoral nerve 

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• ORIGIN: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera
• INSERTION: patella & tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
• ACTION: • extends & stablizes knee
• NERVE: femoral

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• ORIGIN: linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
• INSERTION: patella & tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
• ACTION: • extends knee • stablizes patella (inferior fibers)
• NERVE: femoral nerve 

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• ORIGIN:anterior & lateral surfaces of proximal femur
• INSERTION: patella & tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
• ACTION: • extends knee
• NERVE: femoral nerve 

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• ORIGIN: by two heads from medial & lateral condyles of femur
• INSERTION: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
• ACTION: • plantar flexes foot when knee is extended • flexes knee when foot is dorsi- flexed
• NERVE: tibial nerve 

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• ORIGIN: superior tibia, fibula & inerosseous membrane
• INSERTION: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
• ACTION: • plantar flexes foot • important locomoter & postural muscle
• NERVE: tibial nerve 

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• ORIGIN: lateral condyle & upper 2/3 of tibial shaft, interosseous membrane
• INSERTION: by tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal
• ACTION: • prime mover of dorsiflexion • inverts foot • assist in supporting medial longitudinal arch
• NERVE: deep fibular nerve 

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