Term
| What are the types of Non-specific immunity? |
|
Definition
1. Passive Barriers
2. Phagocytic Cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the passive barriers that make up non-specific immunity? |
|
Definition
Tight junctions:
skin
mucous linings of mouth & GI tract
tears (lysozyme enzyme) |
|
|
Term
| What are the phagocytic cells that make up non-specific immunity? |
|
Definition
| Neutrophils and Macrophages |
|
|
Term
| What do phagocytic cells do? |
|
Definition
| They engulf free cells in tissues, debris, stray molecules. Oposins increase their motility and phagocytosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antibodies, Bacterial cell coats, WBC protein cytokeins |
|
|
Term
| Specific immunity is the response to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Foreign molecules from an invading organism or environment. |
|
|
Term
| What are the antigens in order of decreasing antigenicity? |
|
Definition
1. Glycoproteins (most viral coat and bacterial coat proteins)
2. Proteins
3. Carbohydrates
4. Smaller Molecules and Lipids |
|
|
Term
| What are the Cells involved in specific immunity? |
|
Definition
| T-lymphocytes (helper and killer) and B-lymphocytes, Macrophages (including dendritic and Langerhands cells of the skin) |
|
|
Term
| 1. make, and secrete into the lymph, 2. that mark antigen-carrying cells for destruction. |
|
Definition
1. B-lymphocytes
2. specific protein antibodies |
|
|
Term
| The so-called 1. (or ) can destroy 2. or 3. celled by direct contact. |
|
Definition
Killer (cytotoxic) T-lymphocytes
Antigen-marked
Antibody-marked |
|
|
Term
| An example of an antigen-marked cells would be ... |
|
Definition
| foreign cells (transplants), virus-infected cells, or cancer cells |
|
|
Term
| 1. and 2. cells are 3. cells, which carry foreign molecules to major lymphocyte population centers (i.e. lymph nodes), and activate 4. . |
|
Definition
1.Macrophages
2. Langerhans
3. Antigen-presenting cells
4. lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| 1. are also attracted to 2. cells and will engulf and digest them. |
|
Definition
1. Macrophages
2. Antibody-marked |
|
|
Term
Both T and B lymphocytes begin in 1. and migrate elsewhere, where they assume their adult identity, before settling in 2. (primarily):
3. migrate to the fetal liver during development
4. migrate to the thymus gland during development. |
|
Definition
1. Bone marrows
2. lymph nodes
3. B-Cells
4. T-Cells |
|
|
Term
| B-Cells migrate to the 1. during development. T-Cells migrate to the 2. during development. |
|
Definition
1. Fetal Liver
2. Thymus Gland |
|
|
Term
| What is the first step in specific immune response? |
|
Definition
| Surveillance and display of antigens by macrophages |
|
|
Term
| Macrophages engulf debris anywhere in tissues by 1. into 2. , which fuse with 3. to partially digest them, and then.... |
|
Definition
1. endocytosis
2. endocytotic vesicles
3. lysosomes
Display fragments of the antigen on the surface (F) with self glycoproteins (S) |
|
|
Term
| Macrophages then migrate via the bloodstream or lymphatics to 1. throughout the body where they come in contact with billions of 2. . |
|
Definition
1. lymph nodes
2. lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| Once the macrophages with the foreign molecule (F) displayed as well as their self glycoprotein (S) migrate to the lymph nodes and meet up with lymphocytes, the lymphocytes... |
|
Definition
| match up their protein receptors with the macrophage surface proteins. |
|
|
Term
| How do B-lymphocytes respond to the antigen "F":They attach a copy of the 1. on their membrane, then called the 2. . If the antibody receptor binds to "F", the B-cell with 3. and change into a 4. which produces large quantities of 5. , and secretes them into 6. , to be transported throughout the body. |
|
Definition
1. Antibody protein
2. B-cell receptor
3.Divide rapidly
4. plasma cell
5. antibody protein
6. plasma |
|
|
Term
| The plasma cell itself dies in about 1. days after conversion, but its antibody molecules last up to 2. . In the analogy given, what are B-lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How T-lymphocytes detect and respons to the antigen, "F": Each T-lymphocytes makes a 1. and attaches it to its cell membrane. One part fits the "S" (2. antigen). The other part, the 3. receptor, may or may not fit the "F" antigen. If "F" fits the non-self receptor, that T-lymphocyte begins to 4. to produce many more 5. . These active cells crawl into the blood or lymphatics and out into all the tissues. |
|
Definition
1. Two-part receptor
2. Self
3. non-self
4. divide rapidly
5. anti-F cells
|
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of T-cells? |
|
Definition
Helper T-cells (CD-4 lymphocytes)
Killer T-cells (CD-8 or cytotoxic lymphocytes) |
|
|
Term
The Helper T-lymphocytes secrete several agents which simulate...
Within the analogy, what do these cells do? |
|
Definition
the other types of lymphocytes to divide and become active. They secrete interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-12)
Bring the ammo |
|
|
Term
| If the Killer T-lymphocytes encounter "F" antigen, they will release a large number of 1. and 2. , mostly 3. . |
|
Definition
1.Opsonins
2. Destructive Agents
3. Proteins |
|
|
Term
| These destructive agents include 1. , which explode cells that they pierce, and secrete powerful peroxides that destory nearby cells. With such agents, Killer T-cells can kill 2. , 3. , and 4. . |
|
Definition
1. perforins
2. Virus-infected
3. Cancerous
4. Foreign cells (transplanted tissue) |
|
|
Term
| Within the analogy, what are Killer T-cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to each of their functions (creating antibodies or helping or killing), each of the lymphocyte cell types make 1. . These cells are inactive copies of themselves to be saved for possible future use if antigen "F" appears again. This all means that.... |
|
Definition
1. Memory cells
After the first attack of "F", there are large numbers of memory cells for each. |
|
|
Term
| Antibodies are 1. , with a molecular weight of about 2, , composed of 3. amino acids, which are synthesized by 4. (activated 5. ). |
|
Definition
1. proteins
2. 150,000
3. 1,500
4. Plasma cells
5. B-lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| Most antibodies are 1. meaning that they have.... |
|
Definition
1. Bi-valent
Two identical antigen bonding sites |
|
|
Term
What is the Clonal Selection Theory?
|
|
Definition
| A group of preexisting lymphocytes with identical receptors, derived from the same parent cell is selected for rapid cell division when they combine with foreign antigen |
|
|
Term
| The chains within an antibody are held together by what type of bridges... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Look at the picture on page 47 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1. , the antigen is not an invading organism, but pollen grains, insect chitin or detritus, or certain food proteins or carbohydrates-- by themselves, not harmful. In 2. , the antigen is called an 3. . The difference is that 4. are produced by B-lymphocytes in response to an allergen-- 5. types-- and these antibodies cause 6. to 7. , releasing noxious substances inot the tissue and circulation that causes noxious allergive reactions. |
|
Definition
1. Allergic reactions
2. Allergies
3. Allergen
4. Different types of antibodies
5. IgE
6. Mast cells
7. Degranulate |
|
|
Term
| Allergic-reaction type helper T lymphocytes release a different set of IL, and the B-cells that can respond to the allergen to start making 1. instead of the usual 2. and 3. (which don't interact with 4. ). |
|
Definition
1. IgEs
2. IgMs
3. IgGs
4. Mast Cells |
|
|
