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Humanities 101
Midterm Exam Review
41
Other
Undergraduate 1
10/03/2011

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Term
Samsara
Definition
Reincarnation of humans. Continuous flow of life.
Term
3 main hindu gods
Definition
Vishnu, Shiva, Brahma
Term
Moksha
Definition
No more reincarnation once perfection has been reached
Term
Ahimsa
Definition
Kindness to all living things including animals
Term
Karma
Definition
Every action causes and equal reaction (consequences)
Term
Dharma
Definition
Power which upholds the universe and society
Term
Ashoka
Definition
1. 3rd Mauryan Dynasty King in India
2. Converted from Hinduism to Buddhism
3. Emperor of Emperors
4. Devotee of nonviolence, love, truth, tolerance and vegetarianism.
Term
List levels of caste system
Definition
1. Brahmin
2. Kshatriya
3. Vaishya
4. Sudra
5. Untouchable
Term
Vedas
Definition
Spiritual hindu laws were written long ago and are still used by Hindus today
Term
4 noble truths
Definition
a. Life is suffering
b. The origin of suffering is attachment
c. The cessation of suffering is attainable
d. The path to cessation is found in the eight-fold path.
Term
8 fold path
Definition
a. Right view
b. Right intention
c. Right speech
d. Right action
e. Right livelihood
f. Right effort
g. Right mindfulness
h. Right consciousness
Term
Middle way
Definition
a. In order to align oneself with the middle path one must follow the 8 fold path and 4 noble truths
b. The middle path is the honest way of living life. It is the moderation between the extremes of life
c. It is the temperament of someone who is trying to reach nirvana.
Term
Zen
Definition
a. Propagated by Alan Watts.
b. You are already enlightened
c. Teaching through spoken word and action.
Term
Lao Tzu
Definition
a. Not sure if he is a real figure.
b. Founder and main influential figure of Taoism
Term
Tao Te Ching
Definition
Taoism’s Text
Term
Yin Yang
Definition
Symbol of balance
Term
Wu Wei
Definition
The state when a person is completely in tune with the flow of nature.
Term
Quran
Definition
a. 4/5 the length of the NT
b. 114 surahs
c. Islamic text
Term
Muhammad
Definition
a. Father died before birth
b. Founder of Islam
c. Received revelations from Gabriel for the qur’an
Term
Muslim
Definition
Some who has submitted to Allah by confession of the shahada.
Term
Sunni
Definition
Accepts the first 4 caliphs as rightful successors of Md.
Term
Shia
Definition
Believe family of Md. Chosen by God to lead Islamic community
Term
Sharia
Definition
Guides all aspects of the Muslim life.
Term
Honor killing
Definition
Killing of a family member or social group by the other members because the perpetrator brought dishonor
Term
Jewish patriarchs
Definition
a. Abraham
b. Isaac
c. Jacob
Term
Jewish holidays
Definition
a. Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement
b. Hanukkah – Festival of Lights
c. Pesach – Passover
d. Shabbat – The Sabbath.
Term
Major Jewish denominations
Definition
a. Orthodox
b. Reform
c. Conservative
d. Hasidic
e. Kabbalah
Term
Torah
Definition
First 5 books of the bible
Term
Tanak
Definition
Name used for the canon of the Hebrew Bible
Term
Epicureanism
Definition
a. Based on Teaching of Epicurus.
b. Highest pleasure attained from knowledge, friendship, and living a virtuous and a temperate life.
c. He lauded the simple life and was on the verge of asceticism.
Term
Stoicism
Definition
Concerned with the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom.
Term
Stoicism
Definition
Concerned with the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom.
Term
Gnosticism
Definition
A heretical movement of the 2nd Century Christian Church teaching esoteric knowledge of the supreme divine being enabled the redemption of the human spirit.
Term
Socrates
Definition
a. He never really believed in anything.
b. Always questioned everything in an attempt to know something.
Term
Plato
Definition
a. Virtue is above all things as a basis of reason
b. The measure of emotions are limited in human relationships and there is no reason for them
Term
Aristotle
Definition
a. He believed in a logical reality.
b. He saw logic existing independent of reality
Term
Atheism
Definition
Rejection in a belief of a deity.
Term
Agnosticism-strong and weak
Definition
a. Not knowing if any gods exist. Two Kinds believe there is a being or there isn’t. Can be neither.
b. Weak do not discount the existence of any god or gods. Do not know personally if there is a god. It is based on the principle of belief or non-belief in God.
c. Strong is when instead of someone claiming that only they do not know if a god or gods exist they also profess to all of humanity is unable to know if any gods exist. Believe there is no proven and validated evidence that any god or gods exist at all even if someone else says that they believe in God or a god. They say it is impossible for anyone to know if any gods exist.
Term
Huxley
Definition
a. Invented the word agnostic in 1869.
b. Born May 4, 182
c. Received Minimal education. Pondered difference between matter and soul, morality being subjective and divine government.
d. Supported Darwin’s theory and sometimes referred to as Darwin’s Bulldog
Term
Atomism
Definition
Believe that the world is divided into two parts the indivisible atoms and the empty void.
Term
Story of the Buddha
Definition
a. Born 565BC as a royal prince in Lumbini
b. Parents named him Siddhartha
c. He was troubled by the inevitable suffering of life.
d. At age 29 he left the palace life to wander as an ascetic
e. He achieved enlightenment at age 35 under a Bodhi tree and taught his followers his new spiritual understanding.
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