Term
BP equation
BP = ______ x _________ |
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Definition
| BP = cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
Isolated Systolic HTN (ISH)
SBP/DBP?
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Definition
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Term
| Per JNC 7, the risk of CVD, beginning at 115/75 mmHg, doubles with each increment of ______ mmHg |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 groups with increased HTN |
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Definition
| elderly, african americans, less educated, men |
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Term
JNC 7 guidelines for pts without diabetes
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Definition
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Term
JNC 7 guidelines for pts with diabetes
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Definition
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Term
| JNC 7 guidelines for pts with CKD |
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Definition
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Term
AHA preventative BP goal for most pts with IHD (ischemic heart disease)
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Definition
preventative: <140/90 for most
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Term
AHA BP goal for pts with IHD at high risk for CAD or CAD events
(know which conditions put a pt at high risk) |
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Definition
<130/80
DM, CKD
known CAD (stable angina, unstable angina/NSTEMI,
STEMI = ST elevation myocardial infarction)
10-year Framingham risk score ≥ 10%
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Term
| AHA BP goal for pts with HF due to LVSD |
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Definition
| <130/80, with consideration given to lowering BP to <120/80 |
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Term
Calculation of 10-year risk for CHD using Framingham point scores.
Includes points based on what 5 things? |
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Definition
age
total cholesterol
smoker vs nonsmoker
HDL
systolic BP |
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Term
If BP goal is more than ______ above goal, consider initiating w/ 2 agents
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Definition
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Term
| A 10kg weight loss can lead to what dec in BP? |
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Definition
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Term
Normal BMI
&
how to calculate BMI |
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Definition
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Term
Sodium restriction involves intake of NMT
_____mEq/L, ___ g Na, or ____ g NaCl.
This can decrease BP by...? |
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Definition
Sodium restriction involves intake of NMT
100 mEq/L, 2.4 g Na, or 6 g NaCl.
This can decrease BP by 2-8mmHg (SBP) |
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Term
DASH diet.
especially effective in what pt population?
Rich in what (high 2/ low 1)
what decrease in BP? |
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Definition
Africian Americans
High in Ca, K; low in saturated fats
(fruits, veg, low-fat dairy; low in sat'd/total fat)
8-14 mmHg dec in BP |
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Term
| Moderation of alcohol intake is NMT... |
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Definition
1 oz (30cc) ethanol
(e.g. 24 oz beer, 10 oz wine, 3 oz 80-proof whiskey in men_ |
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Term
| brand name for chlorothiazide |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| brand name for metolazone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chlorothiazide, HCTZ, chlorthalidone, indapamide, metolazone |
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Term
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Definition
| block sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule |
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Term
thiazide adverse effects
hyper- (inc): 5
hypo- (dec): 3
3 others |
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Definition
hyper-- uricemia, glycemia, calcemia, cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia
hypo-- kalema, magnesemia, natremia
pancreatitis, rash, photosensitivity |
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Term
| which class of HTN may help slow the rate of bone loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| DOC for tx of ISH in elderly |
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Definition
| long-acting thiazides (chlorthalidone) |
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Term
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Definition
| block sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle |
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Term
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Definition
bumetanide
ethacrynic acid
furosemide
torsemide |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
HTN DOC (class) for symptomatic relief in pts w/ HF
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Definition
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Term
| which HTN drug class may require potassium supplementation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Potassium-sparing diuretics-- 4 |
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Definition
| Amiloride, Eplerenone, Spironolactone, Triamterene |
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Term
| Brand name for eplerenone |
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name for spironolactone |
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name for triamterene |
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Definition
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Term
| MOA (2) for potassium-sparing diuretics |
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Definition
triamterene, amiloride: interfere with K/Na exchange in the distal tubule
spironolactone/eplerenone: compete w/ aldosterone for receptor sites in the distal tubule |
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Term
| Potassium sparing diuretics retain what and lose what? |
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Definition
| retain K, lose Na and H2O |
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Term
Avoid use of this class in pts w/ renal dysfunction (hyperkalemia risk)
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Definition
| potassium-sparing diuretics |
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Term
Use K-sparing diuretics in caution w/ what 3 classes?
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Definition
| ACEI, ARBs, direct renin inhibitors |
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Term
| Brand name for Acebutolol |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name for bisoprolol |
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name for Metoprolol vs. Metoprolol XL |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Brand name of Propranolol
vs.
Propranolol LA |
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Definition
Inderal
vs.
Inderal LA, InnoPranXL |
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Term
| 3 beta blockers w/ intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) and the benefit of having this property |
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Definition
Acebutolol, Penbutolol, Pindolol
less likely to cause bradycardia |
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Term
| Only beta blocker w/ vasodilating nitric oxide-mediated activity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bradycardia, fatigue, bronchospasm, mask sx's of hypoglycemia, impotence |
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Term
| Post-MI, this class is preferred bc it can lower HR and help rest the heart. HOWEVER, 3 drugs of this class should be avoided (which ones and why?) |
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Definition
Beta blockers
Acebutolol, Penbutolol, Pindolol should be avoided (ISA keeps workload up) |
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Term
| What two beta blockers are preferred in pts with LVSD? |
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Definition
| Metoprolol and bisoprolol |
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Term
| Beta blockers can also prove beneficial in pts w/ what 3 things? |
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Definition
| migraines, angina, tachycardia |
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Term
| BBs are contraindicated in... |
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Definition
| 2nd and 3rd degree heart block |
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Term
Brand name for benazepril
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name for fosinopril |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 brand names for lisinopril |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name for perindopril |
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Definition
Aceon
(not generic, only one) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name for trandolapril |
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Definition
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Term
| the one ACEI that isn't dosed QD |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st line DOC (drug class) in pts w/ HF due to LVSD |
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Definition
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Term
| ACEI are contraindicated in...(3) |
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Definition
pts w/ renal artery stenosis (esp. bilateral RAS)
pregnancy
breastfeeding
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Term
| Brand name for azilsartan |
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name for candesartan |
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Definition
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Term
| brand name for eprosartan |
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name for irbesartan |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cozaar (only generic ARB) |
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Term
| Brand name for olmesartan |
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name for telmisartan |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| non-DHP CCBs and what their effect is |
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Definition
Verapamil & Diltiazem
Impact cardiac output (CO), work directly on the heart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name for felodipine |
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Definition
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Term
| if a drug ends in "--ipine" it is a... |
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name of nisoldipine |
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Definition
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Term
| Brand name of isradipine ER |
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Definition
DynaCirc CR
(IR is generic only) |
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Term
| Brand name of nicardipine (also ER) |
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Definition
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Term
| Brand names of Diltiazem ER |
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Definition
| Cardizem CD/LA, Dilacor XR, Cartia/Taztia/Diltia XT, Tiazac |
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Term
| Brand names of Verpamil ER |
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Definition
| Calan SR, Isoptin SR, Verelan (PM), Covera-HS |
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Term
2 SE's for DHP CCBs
1 SE for non-DHP CCBs
4 for all |
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Definition
DHP: peripheral edema, reflex tachycardia
non-DHP: bradycardia
all: constipation, rash, HA, dizziness |
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Term
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Definition
non-DHP contraindicated in HF due to LVSD
(verapamil is okay is high coronary risk pts, no better than diuretics or BB though)
amlodipine and felodipine safe in LVSD |
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Term
long-acting DHPs are alteratives in what?
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Definition
| alt to thiazides for tx of ISH in elderly |
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Term
| DHP CCBs should not be used when? |
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Definition
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Term
| non-DHP CCBs are alternatives for what? |
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Definition
| alt. to ACEI in reducing proteinuria in DM |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Common side effects of alpha-1 blockers (3) |
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Definition
| syncope, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness (QHS dosing) |
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Term
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Definition
| doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin |
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Term
| use alpha-1 blockers with caution in what pts? |
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Definition
| HF (CHF), not monotherapy |
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Term
| what HTN class is also useful in sx's of BPH |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Carvedilol (ER), labetalol
beta 1&2, alpha1 |
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Term
| Labetalol is contradicated in... |
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Definition
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Term
| Carvedilol is indicated for... |
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Definition
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Term
| DOC in pregnant hypertensive pts |
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Definition
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Term
| Contraindication of methyldopa |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
HTN DOC (drug class) in pts w/ DM |
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Definition
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Term
| In a pt w/ HF (who cannot tolerate ACEI/ARB), the HTN DOC (drug class) is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Minoxidil is typically reserved for what HTN and is used in combo w/ what two other classes? |
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Definition
severe or refractory HTN
used w/ BB and loops
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Term
| Peripheral adrenergic neuron antagonist (1) |
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Definition
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Term
High doses of reserpine lead to...
limits use clinically |
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Definition
| depression (also nightmares) |
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Term
| Direct Renin Inhibitor (1) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 4 adverse effects of aliskiren |
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Definition
| diarrhea; abdominal pain/dyspepsia; angioedema |
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Term
| Direct renin inhibitor (aliskiren) should NOT be used with _________ or _________ in pts with DM |
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Definition
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