Term
| What are the 4 major goals of a crime scene search? |
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Definition
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1. Recognition and identification of physical evidence
2. Collection and proper preservation of the evidence
3. Reconstruction of the crime scene
4. Assisting detectives in forming a theory about the crime
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Term
| What does "forensic science" begin with? |
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Definition
| The effective identification, documentation, collection, and preservation of physical evidence at the crime scene |
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Term
| What is the job of the CSI? |
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Definition
| To properly recognize, identify, collect, and preserve those pieces of evidence that begin with the process known as justice. |
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Term
| CSI's are responsible for what two steps of the admissibility of evidence into the court room? |
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Definition
| Recognition and collection of evidence |
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Term
| What are the four major factors that determine the value of physical evidence? |
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Definition
| Recognition, collection, testing procedures, and courtroom presentation. |
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Term
| What is the role of the Forensic Scientist? |
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Definition
| Works with the crime lab performing scientific analysis on the evidence submitted by the CSI. |
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Term
| What is the role of the Forensic Anthropologist? |
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Definition
| Be able to verify weather the remains are human or animal, the number of victims, and possibly establish a sequence of events that my indicate the approximate time that has passed since the death occurred. |
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Term
What is the role of the Forensic Nurse?
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Definition
| Works directly to treat injuries to victims of violence, criminal activities, and motor vehicle crashes. |
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Term
| What is the forensic linkage? |
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Definition
| Linking the victim, subject, and the scene together. |
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Term
| How can physical evidence aid with the investigation? |
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Definition
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1. Providing essential information on the facts of the case- corpus delicti
2. The preferred method of operations- modus operandi
3. Demonstrating linkages between the victim, subject, location, and objects (evidence)
4. Proving or disproving witness/victim/subject statements
5. Identifying a subject through DNA or other individualization
6. Classifying unknown subjects
7. Reconstructing the crime scene- how a crime was committed
8. Developing investigative leads
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Term
| What is associate evidence? |
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Definition
| Items of physical evidence can be used to demonstrate linkages or to “associate” the victim to the subject or to a particular location. |
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Term
| What is a class characteristic? |
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Definition
| associated to a general group source |
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Term
| What is an individual characteristic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is transient evidence? |
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Definition
| evidence that may be lost forever if not immediately preserved. (Example, a shoe impression found in snow that is melting) |
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Term
| What are the 4 stages of crime scene documentation? |
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Definition
1. Notes
2. Photographs
3. Sketches
4. Videography
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Term
| How man steps are there in the FBI crime scene methodology? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is cross-contamination? |
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Definition
| The transfer of material between two or more sources of physical evidence. |
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Term
| What are bloodborne pahtogens? |
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Definition
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infectious disease-causing microorganisms that may be found or transported in biological fluids. Other fluids that may contain pathogens include urine, feces, tears, sweat, nasal secretions, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk, and vomitus.
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Term
| What are the most common bloodborne pahtogens? |
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Definition
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-AIDS), hepatitis, rabies, and sexual transmitted diseases (STDs) |
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Term
| What is the general rule of the initial walkthrough/preliminary assessment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 7 main objectives for processing a crime scene? |
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Definition
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1. Reconstruct the incident.
2. Ascertain the sequence of events.
3. Determine the method of operation (MO)
4. Disclose the motive.
5. Uncover what property was stolen and from where?
6. Determine what the perpetrator may have done before, during, and after the event.
7. Identify, document, collect, and preserve physical evidence of the crime.
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Term
| What are some examples of transient evidence? |
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Definition
| Hairs and fibers that might blow away, wet shoe prints that may dry and become invisible, chemicals that may evaporate, charred documents, and other perishable materials. |
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Term
| What is the first rule to collecting physical evidence? |
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Definition
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Document the evidence through notes, photographs, measurements, and sketches, before the evidence is touched and collected.
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Term
| What is postprocessing of photographs? |
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Definition
| The processes used after the crime scene photographs are taken that greatly improves the amount of information a photograph conveys. |
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Term
| What are three forms of postprocessing? |
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Definition
| Orientation, lighting, and contrast |
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Term
| What are orientation, lighting, and contrast known as in postprocessing? |
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Definition
| Global adjustments, because they effect the entire world within the image. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a crime scene sketch? |
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Definition
| To createa permanent record of the actual size and distance relationships of the scene and the physical evidence |
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Term
| What are the four types of crime scene sketches? |
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Definition
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1. floor plans
2. elevation sketch
3. site plans
4. cross-sectional plans
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Term
| What are four types of measurements used to fix evidence within the scene? |
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Definition
| Triangulation, baseline measurements, polar coordinates, and perspective grid. |
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Term
| What is the proper order for collection and preservation of evidence? |
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Definition
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1. Transient
2. Biological
3. Latent
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Term
| What is the primary goal of crime scene reconstruction? |
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Definition
To reconstruct what happened and identify the perpetrators of the crime. To this end, the CSI should conduct an investigation that will help determine the sequence of events, the identity and movements of victims and perpetrators, and the location of evidence.
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