Global Warming

Why are scientist saying global warming may happen soon and what is global warming?

Global warming is when the average temperature of the world gets too high and everything becomes too hot to live on. This may happen if we keep polluting so much and using carbon dioxide too much.

Why are Carbon Dioxide Bad for the environment and how can they help create global warming?

Carbon Dioxide is the greenhouse gas we give off by using our cars and other things.Carbon  hurts the atmosphere and could possibly be the reason for Global warming because the earth is surrounded by an ozone layer and every time more greenhouse gasses are released the ozone layer is weakened until soon global warming happens and the earth becomes too hot to live on.

What is the greenhouse effect? How does it work?

The greenhouse effect is when thermal radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases and then is re radiated in other directions. Some of the radiation goes to the lower atmosphere and that raises the average surface temerature.

Greenhouse Gases

Why are the levels of greenhouse gases going up? and how does this contribute to global warming?

Greenhouse Gases are levels of things like carbon dioxides and fossil fuels and wastes that tell us how much we use and stuff and right now we use more than we ever have and if we keep using and polluting so much soon global warming may happen.

Where is the mantle and what is in the mantle?

The mantle is the layer of rock between the Crust and the core of the earth. It is 2900 km thick and makes up about 80% of the earth volume. Inside the mantle is a sticky almost gum like substance while the outside of the mantle against the crust is mostly rocks and things

Where is the crust and what makes up the crust?

The crust is the farthest layer from the inner core of the earth. We live right above the crust pretty much. It is made up of solid hard rock, the thickness is 20-40 km  and it is the thinnest layer on the earth.

What makes up the inner and outer core and what's the difference between the inner and outer core?

The inner and outer core are the two cores at the center of the earth. The inner core is the actual center of the earth and is hard and the outer core is a liquid layer right after the inner core.

What is the asthenosphere and where is it?

The asthenosphere is in the upper mantle near the crust,100-200 km below the surface of the earth. It is in the upper mantle almost at the crust and wasn't known about until the last 50 years or so. The asthenosphere is in the orange area of the picture.

Where is the lithosphere and what is it consisted of?

The lithosphere is in the crust and the upper mantle. The lithosphere is above the asthenosphere so the lithosphere is weaker than the asthenosphere by a little. The lithosphere is rocky and rigid until it becomes stretched out from the constant pressure from the earth. The lithosphere is located at  the rocky  brown part in the right corner.

What are convection currents? and how do they work?

Convection currents are Vertical movements of fluid coming from heat. The convection (liquid or fluid) rises up from the heat then lowers back down and then keeps redoing this thats how the convection currents work. Convection currents usually occur in the mantle.

Alfred Wegener

What did alfred discover? and why was this significant?

alfred wegener developed the theory of continental drift. This was the theory that all the 7 continents that were all once connected started moving away into the lands they are now from the ocean bed by something called continental drift. This is significant because it gave us reasons why our land is how it is today spread out not still all together.

What is the theory of continental drift?

The theory of continental drift is the idea that over the 300 millions of years the ocean bed started shifting and all the continents that were once together spread out to where the are now from something called continental drift.

Convergent plate boundary

what happens in a convergent plate boundary?

what happens in a convergent plate boundary is

two plates come toward each other and collide and then the plates start building pressure and tension and when it is finally released and earthquake or volcano happens.

What happens in a divergent plate boundary?

In a divergent plate boundary two plates move apart from each other. This produces rifts and rift valleys. This also causes lava to rise up in the space where the two plates move apart in, possibly causing a volcano.

What is a Transform fault plate boundary?

A transform fault plate boundary is where two plates slide past each other. This does not cause any damage to the lithosphere the two plates just slide past each other.

What is the theory of plate tectonics? how does it work?

The theory of plate tectonics is that the earths plates have shifted from the land 300 millions years ago called pangea where all the planets and continents were all together and the theory says that the earth has shifted from the earths plates and the earth bed.

What is an earthquake? and how do they form?

An earthquake is movement in the earths crust that shakes the ground and creates a lot of destruction. Earthquakes form from rock that breaks along a fault and the release of energy because the rock is under a lot of stress causes the ground to shake sometimes the shaking goes on for for 30 seconds to a minute but that shake has devastating results and costs cities millions of dollars in repairs.

what is the elastic rebound theory? and what happens as a result of this?

Elastic rebound theory is the theory of how energy is used and made during earthquakes. The two faults shift and get stuck then the energy builds  and the two store elastic energy  until the energy is released  and then the two faults move back to their unformed shape. the energy that got released becomes the earthquake and then slows down.

What makes up an earthquake's energy? How is an earthquake's energy measured?

Earthquakes energy comes from the created seismic waves that happen from the sudden release of energy in the earths crust.

Earthquakes energy is measured from a richter scale this is a scale that measures the earthquakes from the damage. A magnitude level of 7 on the richter scale is serious damage over a large area. It may also depend on where you live.

Locating an earthquake

How do you know when an earthquake may hit? What is the S wave and what is the P wave?

Scientist know where the earthquake may hit from using the S and P wave. The P wave is the primary or compressional wave that hits first and then about 20 seconds later the S wave secondary or shear wave that hits and they can use these results of how far apart the P and S wave are too learn about the interior of the earth and earthquakes.

What are primary waves? and what do they have to do with earthquakes?

Primary waves(P waves) are Produced by earthquakes. they are the first wave in the earthquake thats why they are called primary waves. These are the faster waves and are recorded by seismographs so scientist can try to figure out Earthquakes and how they hit to find patterns. In the picture Primary waves are on top. Primary waves can travel through solids and liquids.

Secondary waves

What are secondary waves?Do they hit faster or slower than the primary waves?

Secondary waves(S wave) are the second seismic waves after the primary ones in an earthquake. The time these waves hit is recorded too so scientists can figure out the difference in the time and try to find patterns on how the earthquakes work. These waves cannot travel through liquids or gases but can travel through solids.Secondary waves are on the bottom of the picture.

What do seismograms measure? How do you read a seismogram?

A seismogram is a graph outputted by a seismograph. It measures the amount of ground motion in time and when an earthquake is coming. Reading a seismogram you need the time and what time the earthquake occurred, you also need to know the waves. The P wave is the first wave and the biggest because P waves are the fastest seismic waves. The next waves are S waves which are usually slower but bigger than P waves. The S waves also produce a different frequency so it will change the wave.

Epicenter

How do you find the epicenter? What does the epicenter show when you find it?

The epicenter is the point right above the focus,where the earthquake originates. To find the epicenter one must measure the distance between the P and S wave on a seismograph and with that data you can measure the distance to the earthquake's epicenter. The epicenter shows you where the earthquake is most likely to hit the worst or right where its going to hit.

Focus

Where is the focus of the earthquake? What are the types of focus and how do you know which focus is deep focus and shallow focus?

The focus of the earthquake is the place where the earthquake starts. The focus is where the seismic waves start moving outward. There is the deep focus earthquakes that are at deep depths from 300-700 km deep. Mid focus earthquakes occur at 70-300 km deep,and less than 70 km deep are considered shallow focus.

What does the mercalli scale measure? What are the intensity levels? how do they tell what number it is?

The mercalli scale is a seismic scale that measures the intensity of an earthquake. They measure the effects and damage of the earthquake. The scale is from one(no damage) to twelve(complete destruction). They tell what number on the scale it is from the data of what survivors of the earthquake said, and from the highest amount of damage to the epicenter area.

Richter Scale

What does the richter scale measure? How does the level of intensities work?

The richter scale measures the amount of energy that was released during an earthquake. The scale is from one to ten. The richter scale is the ratio of amplitude waves by  seismograph to small amplitude. It is always 10x larger each number. So a 5.0 earthquake on the richter scale has an amplitude 10 times larger than a 4.0 scale earthquake and that is for each number it goes up 10 times larger every number on the scale. So a 7.0 earthquake would be 100x larger than a 5.0 earthquake.

Earthquake hazards

What are some earthquake hazards?

Earthquake hazards are grounds shaking causing buildings to fall down which will create a hazard for people nearby. Another hazard is the ground displacing, if a building is built along a fault it could really be damaged by the ground displacement. Flooding is also a big hazard because flooding takes down buildings and could drown or kill people. The final hazard is a fire may break out from the broken gas lines and power lines and this may start a fire if they explode from the earthquake shaking the ground. So when there is an earthquake be cautious of your surroundings so you don't get killed by these things.

Volcanoes

What is a volcano? and why does hot lava flow out?

A volcano is an opening or rupture in the earths surface or crust caused by diverging and converging tectonic plates where the two plates pull apart or come together. Hot lava and ash flow out of the top of the volcano that escaped from the magma chamber because its been stored in there until the plates moved and it can be released.

Ring of fire

Where and what is the ring of fire?

The ring of fire is located on the pacific plate subduction right around the pacific ocean. The ring of fire is a subducting plate boundary of the pacific ocean,and this subducting oceanic crust may lead to more volcanoes and earthquakes.

composite

What is a Composite volcano? How are they different from shield volcanoes?

A composite volcano is a tall volcano built up by many layers of hardend lava and volcanic ash. These are different from shield volcanoes because thye are steeper and have more quiet eruptions. The lava from a composite volcano cools and hardens befofe spreading because of the high vescosity. The only problem is if the volcvanic gases remain in the magma or gets trapped in there, the magma will explode very large the next time the volcano erupts.

Shield Volcano

What is a volcano shield and how does lava flow in it?

A volcano shield is formed by volcanoes with low viscosity. The lava flows easily. Many of the largest volcanoes are shield volcanoes.

Cinder Cone Volcano

What is a cinder cone volcano? how does the lava flow?

A cinder cone volcano is one that has a steep conical hill of fragment that accumulate down a vent. The lava flows fast when it goes down the steep hill and the rock fragments and lava is what's called the "cinder" in this type of volcano.

Volcano Hazards

What are some volcano hazards?

Volcano hazards are direct blasts, volcanic gases which can get into your lungs and kill you. Lava flows toward land which is extremely hot and will melt you alive, and avalanches of rock and debris that come from the volcano, which may kill you.

How much of the earth's mass is the troposphere? What is in the troposphere?

The troposphere is the lowest portion of the earths atmosphere. It contains 75-80% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of the water vapors. The depth of the troposphere is 17 km.

In the troposphere is 80% of the atmosphere's mass and all of our water vapors. The troposphere is the lowest layer of earth's atmosphere.

What is the stratopshere? How many km high is the stratopshere?

The stratopshere is the layer right above the troposhphere

Whats in the ozone layer? What does it protect earth from?

The ozone layer is a shield that is in the sky, it protects the earth from the suns unltaviolet rays. Us wasting and polluting so much makes the ozone layer start to get weaker  and lets more UV radiation into the earth. Too much UV radiation causes bad health effects so we need to stop polluting so much.

Where is the mesosphere and how many km is it above the earth surface?

the Mesosphere is the layer above the Stratosphere, it is 50km to 85km above the earth surface. The higher you go up in the mesosphere the colder it starts to get. Most craters from space burn in this layer.

Where is the thermosphere? what happens here? how many km above the earth surface is the thermosphere?

The thermosphere is the layer right above the mesosphere. The thermosphere begins at about 85km-120km. The temrature in this sphere depend on the sun because it is so close to the sun it changes from when the sun is shining and when its not. Ionization is caused here from the UV rays.

What happens in the ionosphere? How many km is it above the earth surface?

Ionosphere includes part of the thermosphere and then goes way higher in the sky. It goes from 85km to 600km above the earth surface. It is ioniozed by UV radiation so most people dont know its there or anything. This sphere is an important in atmospheric electricity.

What is the water cycle? what is its purpose and parts of the water cycle?

The water cycle is the continous movement of water on, above, and below the earths surface. Water moves places from a river or lake to the ocean, then from the ocean it goes back into the atmopshere. It repeats this through the process of Evaporation,Condensation,Percipitation,Inflilteration, and Run off.

What are the types of percipitation? How many types are there?

There is rainfall which is shorter than stratiform percipitation, there is also rainfall that falls in a liquid or solid phase. The liquid phase is rainfall and drizzle rain and the solid phase is rain that freezes up and becomes freezing rain or drizzle(Snow, sleet, Hail).

What is humidity? What does it have to do with water vapors?

Humidity is the amount of water vapors in the air. The water vapor is invisible but you can tell its there when its foggy outside or a light rain.

There are three measurements of humidity.

1. Absolute Humidity which is the water content that is in the air.

2. Relative Humidity- the percent of humdity at that temperature. 3. Specific humidity- Ratio of water vapor content of the mixture to the total air content.

what is the dew point? How is it scaled?

The dew point is the temperature below the water vapor in a volume of humid air will evaporate into liquid water. general aviation pilots  use the cloud height and fog and other things to calculate the dew point.

What is high air pressure? Which way do they move?

High pressure is where the atmopsheric pressure is higher then the surrownding areas pressure. High air pressures move in the northern hemisphere and counter clockwise in the south.

What is low air pressure? What does it produce?

Low air pressure is when the atmopsheric pressure is lower then the area surrownding it. This produces high winds, and warm air, this produces tropical storms and Cyclones. 

What are isobars? What do the lines represent?

Isobars are lines of atmopsheric pressure drawn on a meterological map. Each line represents the pressure of a vertain value. Isobars lines can never touch, and the pressure starts at 1000 and can go up or down 4 each time. Example:992,996,1000,1004,1008.

What are isotherms? What do the lines mean?

Isotherms are a line drawn on a weather map connecting points that have the same temerature or average temerature. Each point on the line represents one temerature, and the whole line with 10 or so dots is from all the teperature readings over time.

What are the 4 main types of air masses? How do they form?

The 4 types of air masses are Maritime Tropical(mT), Continental tropical (cT),Maritime Polar(mP),Maritime Tropical(cP).  Air masses are the temperature and moisture content. The first lowercase letter in the air masses signals the moisture and the second uppercase letter is the type of air mass.

Continental Air-c, Maritime air-m, Tropical air-t, Polar air-p.

What is a warm front? and what are patterns of a cold front?

A warm front is at the edge of a warm air mass and is located by the equator. Warm fronts are by with low pressure and move slower then cold fronts because cold fronts are more dense and harder to remove off the earths surface. Fog and rain occurs here if the warm air mass is unstable. Warm fronts often replace cold fronts.

What is the cold front? What kind of weather is in this front?

Its by the cooler mass of air.It replaces the warm mass of air in the low pressure. Tempratures in the cold front are around 30 C and rain sometimes occurs when there is enough moisuture.

What is a stationary front? What kind of weather is in this front?

A stationary front is a boundry between two different air masses. Weather like clouds and soemtimes a little rain happens here, but stationary fronts change to a cold or warm front after a couple days.

What is a stratus cloud? How does it look and form?

Stratus clouds are Flat,Hazy gray darkish clouds that stretch for miles and you cant see the sun because its completly covered by these clouds. These clouds produce light rain or snow. 

What is a cumulus cloud? How does it look and what kinds of percipitation is prdouced form this cloud?

Cumulus clouds are low level,everyday fluffy looking clouds. These clouds produce no percipitation. These clouds are formed from water vapor or ice crystals or other things.

What is a cirrus cloud? what do they look like and what kind of percipitation do they produce?

Cirrus coulds are thin,whispy clouds that are light grey or white. Theym produce Ice Crystals that evaporate before they hit the ground so it rains sometimes and snows. Cirrus clouds also form the outflow of tropical cyclones. 

What is climate? how many types of climates are there?

Climate is the pattern of Temperature, Humidity, Atmospheric pressure, Wind, Percipitation and other thigns over a long period of time. There are 5 types of climate systems there is Atmosphere, Hydrosphere,Cryosphere,land surface and Biosphere. The climate of a land is affected by the laditude and altidue of the place as long as the bodies of water by it.

What is weather? What is weather a mix of?

Weather is the state of the atmopshere at a place and time regarding Heat,Cloudiness,Dryness, Sunshine, Rain,wind or anything. The  time, seasons, and climate.

What are the three main climate zones of the world? Where is it the coldest and hottest?

The division of the earths climates based on the average rainfall and temperature. The three main climate zones are Polar-Where it is the coldest. Temperature- Where most landmasses are. Tropical-Where the warmest teperatures are and hottest temperatures. 

What is a biome? What is it described at?

A biome is a condition on earth for plants, animals, and Soil and biomes are called ecosystems. They are known for there great growth of plants and ecosystem.

What is a Desert biome? How are the conditions in this biome?

A desert biome is a wasteland type place with no animals and no trees because of the little to no rainfall, and the constant blazing heat.

What is a forest biome? How are the conditions in this biome?

In a forest biome there are lots of trees and plants and mammals, and reptiles. Forest biomes are 1/3 of the earths land, and the trees produce carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.

What is a grassland biome? and whats in this biome?

Grassland biomes are large terrains of grasses,flowrs and herbs and things. In the grassland there is just enough rainfall for grass and some small trees and shrubs. A lot of animals and birds live in this biome.

What is the tundra biome? Whats in the tundra biome?

The tundra biome has artic cold. No plants or trees can grow or live here because of the permafrost that covers the tundra biome, and no animals live here because of the brutal cold.

What are the thunderstorm ingredients? How many are there?

There are three thunderstorm ingredients that a thunderstorm needs. They are Moisture, Instability, and a Lifting Mechanism.

What are the stages of a thunderstorm? How do they work in each one?

The first stage is the Cumulus Stage. In this stage the cloud starts turning into the thunderstorm cloud. Updrafts start increasing causing the cloud to get bigger and taller. The second stage is the Mature Stage. In this stage Thunder and Lightning start happening and then the storm starts becoming close to a tornado for some time but ussually never actually becomes a tornado. Then finally there is the Dissipating stage. In this stage the thunderstorn starts  weakening but it can still damage things from the high winds.

What is a single cell thunderstorm? How long does rain last in a single cell?

A single cell thunderstorm is a thunderstorm where it just rains and some lightning and thunder. No severe weather and no damage. The rain lasts for 20-30 mins.

What is a multiple cell thunderstorm? What are the conditions?

Multiple cell thunderstorms are like common thunderstorms. They last for a couple hours and there is a lot of rain  and some flash flood warnings and weak tornadoes but not too much damage. These storms are bigger then single cell thunderstorms but not even closely as big as super cell thunderstorms.

What are super cell thunderstorms? How are the conditions?

A super cell thunderstorm are large, severe storms that form depending on the wind speed and height of where the storm is happening. These storms have powerful updrafts which create the high winds which produce the big damage. Almost 90% of super cells cause severe weather. The storms produce things like tornadoes, and flash flood warnings and a lot of damage.

What is a squall line? What is the weather like?

A squall line is a thunderstorm that produces ahead of a cold front. There is heavy rain, and frequent lightning, and possible tornadoes.

What is lightning?

Lightning is the discharge of charged atoms in a cloud. What makes the charged atoms equalize is called a lightning flash or lighning strike if the lightning hits something on the ground. 

What is the thunder? What kind of sound does thunder make?

Thunder is the loud rumbling noise we hear after a lightning flash or striike due to the electrical dishcarges from the clouds.

What is a tornado? How do tornadoes form?

A tornado is a violently fast rotating colum of air that begins from the  cumulonimbus cloud, and then goes down to the earths surface and rips apart anyhting in its path pretty much.  Tornadoes may also be called twisters or cyclones. Tornadoes ussually have less then 110 mph wind speeds and travel a few miles before dying down but the bigger tornadoes can get up too 300 mph and can go for 12-20 of  miles before dying down.

What is the Fujita scale? How is it catagorized?

The Fujita scale is a scale of rating of tornadoes 0-5 based on the damage it caused to houses and things like that. 

The first rating is 0 during this tornado the wind is 40-50 mph winds and some light damage like tree branches falling off and such. The 1 rating is 73-112 mph wind  and some moderate damage like houses being pushed off its foundation and cars being flipped and things. The 2 rating is 113-157mph winds and significant damage like roofs being torn off and windows shattering. The 3 rating is 158-206 mph winds and severe damage like roofs and walls being torn off trees bring uprooted and cars overturned. The 4 rating is 207-260 mph winds and deverstating damage like houses completly moved cars overturned and thrown almost. and 5 rating of 261-318 mph winds and Incrredible damage like strong frame houses being thrown, cars being thrown over 100m, and some steel badly damaged.

What is tornado alley? What states are part of tornado alley?

Tornado alley is the area in the U.S where tornadoes hit the most. These states are Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. These states get hit the most because the warm air from the gulf of mexico rises up into these states thats why its so hot there and the cold air from canada and the rocky mountains comes down and when they meet tornadoes ussually form and these three cities are where that ussually happens.

What is a hurricane? how are they formed?

Hurricanes are Tropical Cyclones that have a low pressure system and produce strong winds and heavy rains. Hurricanes form from from the Gulf of mexico, the caribbean sea, the pacific ocean and others. Hurricanes form in warm water and air and they sometimes  form from tropical waves of low pressure every 4-5 days or so. 

What is the saffir-simpson scale? how is it catagorized?

The saffir-simpson scale is a scale of hurricanes for 1-5. A category 1 hurricane has winds of 74-95 mph has no damage or on buliding structures. A category 2 hurricane has 96-110 mph winds and the effects are some doors and window damage but thats about it. A category 3 hurricane has 111-130 mph and it causes some structural damage to small houses and buildings. And a category 4 hurricane has 131-155 mph winds and roofs fall off on small houses, and they cause evaction as far as 6 miles. A category 5 storm has greater then 155 mph winds and roofs fall of buildings and other bad things. 

What is the surface observation symbol?What does it stand for?

 The Surface observational symbol indicates the type of weather at a specific time.

What is kinetic energy? How does kinetic energy move?What is the equation for kinetic energy? 

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has from it moving. The work needed to move a body of mass from rest to a velocity. The equation for kintetic energy is 1/2mv².

Surface Waves

#23 in packet we forgot it and cant go back to fix it.

What are surface Waves?

Surface waves are ripples of water or waves when an object or air interferes with the clear water and this produces ripples in the water.

What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy ?

KE =1/2 *m*v²

what is potential energy 

it is stored energy in an object that when released turns into kintetic energy. Like a rollercoaster about to fall down the hill it has a lot of potental energy thats about to be used and turned into kinetic energy because the rollercoaster will go down the hill.

what is the formula for potential energy ?

PE= m*g*h

chemical energy 

what is mechanical energy used for 

it is the energy that used in machines mechanical energy used for cars planes 

what types things use nuclear energy

nuclear energy is used for nuclear power plants today it is not safe 

what is electrical energy?

electrical energy is the energy of electricity that is what powers our tvs ,computers ,and phones

what is thermal energy ?

thermal energy is the energy of heat it is our body heat 

what are energy tranformations ?

energy transformations are when an object changes its type of energy 

Law of conversion of energy 

What are fossil fuels? How many are there?

Fossil fuels are fuels from natural compostion from dead organisms. Fosisl fuels contain high numbers of carbon which isnt good for the planet. fossil fuels are Coal,Natural gas, and Petroleum. They are used for energy and electricity we use everyuday but they are bad for the enviorment so we are trying to use more natural clean energy sources.

Coal,Oil, Natural Gas

 What is Coal, Oil, and natural gas used for? and what are they called?

Coal, Oil, and natural gas are also called fossil fuels. We use fossil fuels for energy and electricity to power our planet. Fossil fuels are the most used and we are now realizing they harm our planet because they cause a lot of pollution and carbon dioxide so we are trying to switch to alternative energy sources like Wind, Solar,Tidal energy and others.

What is alternative energy? 

Alternative energy is an energy source alternative to fossil fuels. Energy sources like Wind energy, Solar energy, Tidal energy, Biomass energy and others.

What is solar energy? How is it used and made?

Solar energy is energy that is created from the sun. The sun is out most of the day so this energy is very efficent and solar energy could have great long term effects for us.

What is wind energy? How is it produced?

Wind energy is energy from the wind that wind turbines use  the wind for electrical power and also use windmills for mechanical power. Wind energy is very good because it is clean, procudes almost no greenhouse gases, and uses little land. 

What is geothermal energy? How does it work?

Geothermal energy is thermal energy that is generated and stored in the earth. Geothermal energy is 20% from the original formation of the planet and 80% from the radiactive decay of minerals.

What is hydroelectrical energy? Where does the energy come from? 

Hydroelectrical energy is energy that comes from falling or flowing water. It is the most commonly used renewable energy (16% of global electricity). It is pretty cheap to make and the Asia-Pacific region uses it.

What is biomass energy? What is from plants?

Biomass energy is the energy from living organisms from plants. It is a renewable resource so it can be re used directly, or it can be converted into another type of fuel,biofuel.

What is tidal energy? How is it used?

Tidal energy or tidal power is hydropower that converts energy of tides into useful forms of power like electricity. Tidal energy is more predicable then Wind or Solar energy but the only problem is its high costs and not a lot of places where to put the sites.

What is renewable enrgy? 

Renewable enrgy is energy that comes from resources that can reuse themselves like wind, sunlight, tides and geothermal energy. These energys will never run out and can be reused and they dont cause as much pollution and arent as bad as nonrenewable enrgy sources.

What is nonrenewable energy?What does it not allow you to do?

Nonrenewable energy is a natural resource that cant be Produced, Grown, or generated. Examples of nonrenewable energy are fossil fuels-Natural gas, Oil, and coal.

What are electrons? How do they flow?

Electrons are particles with a negative electrical charge. An electron has no known coponents or anything. If electrons charge with a posotive charged electron they flow together. 

Static Charge

What is static charge?

Static charge is a form of charge that can be either Negative,Posotive, or Zero that make up the particles that make matter.

Conductors

What is a conductor? What does it do?

A conductor is an object that allows the flow of electrical charge, or in a circuit too.

What is an insulator?What does it stop?

An insulator is a substance in a circuit that stops the flow of electrical current.

What is a coulomb? What does it measure?

A coulomb is the unit that measures electrical charge. One Coulomb is equal too the charge that apsses through a cross section of a conductor, givne the current of one amp.

What is a volt? What is the symbol for volt?

A volt is the unit used to measured electrical potential at a point, ussually  apoint in the electrical curcuit. One volt is equal to one Joule per coulomb. Volt(V) is measured in  volts.

What is resistance? What is the symbol for resistance?

Resistance is when a conductor opposes flow of current through it. Resistance (R) is measured in ohms.

What is ohms law? How does it work?

Ohms law says that a current through two points is proportionl to the potental difference and that to make a current flow through a resistor there must be voltage across the resistance. The ohms law uses 3 letters(V,I,P) to make a triangle.(V)Voltage is on top,(I)Current is on the bottom, and next to current is (R)Resitance. Voltage is measured in volts, Current in amps, and Resistance in ohms.

What is the formula for calculating resistance?What are the measurements of the letters?

The formula of calculating resistance is R=V/I.

R(resistance)=V(voltage)/I(current).

What is the formula for calculating current? What are the symbols after the numbers?

The formula for calculating current is I(c)=V/R

Current(amps)=V(volts)/Resistance(Ohms).

What is the formula for voltage? 

Voltage=Current x Resistance.

Current is measured in amps, Resistance is measured in ohms and voltage is measured in volts.

What is a series circuit? How do they work?

A series circuit is a circut that connects a simple path and the current is the same and the voltage too and the components connected in series is a series circut.

What are parallel circuits? How do parallel circuits work?

Parallel circuits are when two or more electrical devices in a circut can be connected by series connection or parallel connection. When the device has its own seperate branch and uses parallel connection it is a parallel circuit.