Plain X-ray

• bowel gas pattern
• bowel obstruction/ perforation **gallstone ileus 
• pneumoperitoneum
• chronic pancreatitis
• bony structures
• nasogastric tubes

Abdominal CT 

• hollow and visceral abdominal structures
  • liver cirrhosis
• oral and rectal contrast
• obstruction, stricture, narrowing
• tumors, cysts, abscess
• vascular abnls
• ascites
• blood or hemoperitoneum

Ultrasound

• visualization of liver, gallbladder, bile ducts 
• common bile duct
• ascites *marks optimal spot to tap
• venous thromboses
• hepatic veins IVC
• intervention-tissue biopsy

Barium upper GI

Barium upper GI

• Good for motility; may visualize strictures, webs

Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS)

• oropharyngeal phase of swallowing
• movement of tongue
• Clinical
  • oropharyngeal dysphagia
  • aspiration pneumonia

Air Contrast Barium Enema 

• Barium in colon rectally
• Clinical uses
  • mucosal lesions
  • polyps; tumors
  • diverticula

Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy 

Radiolabeled substance IV taken up by liver and excreted in biliary tree, including the gallbladder and duodenum

Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy 

(clinical uses) 

Cystic duct obstruction & 

Cholecystitis

MRCP

Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography

Visualization of hepatobiliary tree and pancreas

More sensitive for choledocholithiasis that US

strictures

pancreatic lesions

ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

endoscope from mouth to duodenum -->Ampulla of Vater --> contrast inject to bile ducts and pancreatic duct --> biliary and pancreatic ducts can be visualize

ERCP 

Gold standard for biliary and pancreatic pathology

*Therapeutic: stents, retrievals, dilations, biopsies 

Endoscopy 

Colonoscopy 

Clinical Uses