Term
| Is there one ideal posture? |
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Definition
| No because everyone is built different |
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Term
| Name 4 characteristics that help determine proper posture. |
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Definition
1. Must not rest on end range in rest postural position
2. Must go to end range only under muscular control and on occasion
3. Posture must not interfere with any other body position or function
4. Must have a neutral range posture more frequently than any abnormal postures in the day. |
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Term
| Name 3 significant imbalances a person might have that results in poor posture. |
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Definition
1. Anterior to posterior - weight lifters have a broad back and tight pecs
2. Side to side - person who uses one arm more than the other
3. Between antagonistic ms groups - strong biceps would mean you need strong triceps also |
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Term
| Name 5 generally poor postural attitudes. |
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Definition
1. Any significant imbalance
2. Resting constantly on one leg
3. Prolonged rotation positions
4. Any area of spinal folding into flexion or extension with activity or at rest (holding phone w/shoulder)
5. Postures that use significant ms tone to maintain |
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Term
| Give an example of a prolonged rotation position. |
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Definition
| Secretary who works at a desk where everything sits to her right |
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Term
| Nme 5 aspects of "ideal" posture. |
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Definition
1. Balance (between R&L, Front & Back)
2. Neutral
3. Minimal pronounced ms activity
4. Strong and long in antagonistic groups (no isolated weakness in postural ms)
5. Not at end range in any joint area from ground to top of head. |
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Term
| Name 3 aspects of positional balance. |
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Definition
1. Pelvis in neutral in standing
2. T-spine in neutral while sitting
3. Lumbar spine avoiding end rang in sitting |
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Term
| Able to pelvic tuck and tilt with the resting posture somewhere in the middle third of this range. |
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Definition
| Pelvis in neutral in standing |
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Term
| "Squeeze box" (accordion) not overly expanded in either anterior or posterior dimensions. Chest elevated and adequately expanded. |
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Definition
| T-spine in neutral while sitting |
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Term
| Resting shoulder position can be a good indicator of balance. Name 2 things to check for. |
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Definition
1. Check for hand position in standing
- Thumbs should be forward so see if they are turned in or out.
- Elbows should be facing forward so see if they are facing back or to the side
2. Protraction and retraction to the scapula
- Increased tone vs. minimal tone
- Externally rotated scapula via straight scapula |
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Term
| If there is a change in the frontal plane what might that indicate? |
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Definition
Usually structural not postural
Ex: scoliosis |
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Term
| If there is a change in the sagittal plane what might that indicate? |
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Definition
Usually postural not structural
Ex: Kyphosis/Lordosis |
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Term
| Name 7 Ergonomic Stresses |
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Definition
1. Load 2. Repetition
3. Awkward postures or static postures
4. COntact injury or stress
5. Vibration
6. Temperature extremes 7. Health |
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Term
| The greater the load the greater the risk for __ |
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Definition
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Term
| When should you pick up most of your loads and why? |
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Definition
| Middle of the day. Because your discs are fullest in the mornings and flattest at night. You aren't ready for loads in the mornings and you fatigue later in the day. |
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Term
| Are loads always in the right location to allow for proper movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| High reps always increase risk for __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Need time to restore blood flow to area in use in ms, bone, and tendon. __ __ __ will set a person up for injury. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cycle time of less than 30 sec performed greater than 50% of work shift. (Doing a load every 30 sec for over half the time your at work) |
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Term
| What all occurs with your body when you are in awkward or stressful positions? |
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Definition
- Ligament and tendon creep with constant stress
- Blood flow changes with chronic stress
- Fatigue develops in muscle
- End of range activities are most stressful even if for moderate lengths of time (wrist, low back, cervical, recurvatum) |
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Term
| Name 4 ways to get contact injury or stress |
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Definition
1. Sharp objects in area, desk edges, ridges in floor, ramps, narrow pathways, or wrong heights overhead
2. One contact can cause laceration needing weeks to heal
3. Bruising can also be serious if left untreated
4. Damage to other soft tissues |
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Term
| What is the most common truck driver pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| Constant vibration inhibits what? |
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Definition
| Muscular response and electrical activity |
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Term
| No dynamic support makes the load all __ and __ |
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Definition
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Term
| May effect blood flow and decrease efficiency and effectiveness |
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Definition
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Term
| Can you get burns from both hot and cold? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do temperature extremes have a metabolic effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will extreme heat cause? (2) |
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Definition
Fluid Loss
Early ms and nerve fatigue |
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Term
| What will extreme cold cause? (2) |
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Definition
Inability to grip (need gloves)
Much more energy expenditure per unit of time |
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Term
| Chronic stress does what to blood supply |
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Definition
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Term
| Physically fit ppl are injured __ times less often |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 health related aspects in which workers have injuries because of |
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Definition
Overweight
Smoker
More aged at worksite
Ppl with other health problems |
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Term
| Name 5 ways to evaluate task or position |
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Definition
1. Identify main position and function
2. Check repetitive tasks in a day
3. Check heavy tasks in a day
4. Check main resting or active position of day
5. Check environmental elements adding to stresses such as vibration, cold, or heat |
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Term
| Name 5 positions in which a worker primarily functions in |
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Definition
Sitting
Standing
Moving on feet
Lifting or toting
Combination (most common) |
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Term
| Name 7 things you need to look at when a person is primarily sitting |
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Definition
Computer
Headset
Phone
Primary elements used
Desk height
Chair
UE position |
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Term
| Give 5 suggestions for sitting |
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Definition
1.Static is not good, dynamic is better
2.Back position must change but want slight lordosis at most prevalent position
3. Hip flexion near 90
4. Elbows at 90 or less and wrists relaxed
5. Computer screen at level of book and right distance |
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Term
| Name 6 chair requirements when a person is primarily sitting |
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Definition
1. Adjustable height, back, and seat
2. Need armrests to take weight off shoulders
3. Feet flat on floor or someplace to rest feet
4. Back support in area of increased kyphosis or fold
5. Change position often
6. What of new research stating semi-reclining has less disc pressure? |
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Term
| Name 6 things you need to look at when person is primarily standing. |
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Definition
1. Position of LB and lordosis
2. Position in relation to task environment
3. WB status on each leg
4. Place to lean or not
5. Shoes
6. Active vs passive stance (ligament or muscle) |
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Term
| Give 7 suggestions for standing |
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Definition
1. Shift weight regularly
2. Static bad, dynamic good
3. Foot activity in shoes
4. Shoes with cushioning and protection
5. Body close to task area
6. Surface to lean into below waist level
7. Work at level of UE while in rested stance
(Knee clearance so knee won't lock and foot clearance to get under body) |
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Term
| Give 6 helpful tips for buying shoes best for work environment. |
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Definition
1. Toes reinforced or not depending on worksite
2. Good traction
3. Good cushioning
4. Proper fit (not too loose)
5. Must be able to move toes in toe box
6. Able to bend adequately at ankle for tasks |
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Term
| Name 6 things to evaluate when person is mainly moving around on their feet. |
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Definition
1. Obstacle in environment
2. Ground surface
3. Pedometer to measure distance per hour/day/week
4. Type of gait
5. Loaded or unloaded movement
6. Shoewear |
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Term
| Give 5 suggestions for moving on feet primarily. |
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Definition
1. Great shoes are important and socks
2. Clear all obstructions and minimize change in surface (check corners and edges)
3. Active walking vs passive walking
4. Need rest periods
5. Upper body posturing |
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Term
| List 6 things to evaluate when person is mainly doing lifting or toting tasks. |
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Definition
1. Often on assembly line environment
2. Lift rules important
3. Amount of friction
4. Measure frequency and intensity of load lifted
5. Measure rest vs active cycle of lifting or loading
6. Observe for all bends, twists, and compensations |
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Term
| Name 7 suggestions for lifting and toting. |
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Definition
1. Know limits and never exceed
2. Must be able to lift part of weight with arms
3. Carry at waist level (core level is ideal)
4. Heavy loads only occasionally (3-4x/shift)
5. Moderate loads intermittently (50-60% max load)
6. Light loads with frequency but still need breaks (20-30% max and maximum of 12-18 times/minute)
7. Minimize trunk rotation (dancer's feet) |
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Term
| What does "Lock before you lift" mean? |
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Definition
| This way all back muscles are firing together to protect you when you lift whereas if you do not lock each back muscle will have to fire independently of one another |
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Term
| What is the power lifters lift? |
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Definition
Legs spread
Lock lumbar
Lift with thighs and gluts |
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Term
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Definition
Knee on ground
Kneel on one leg
Lift load to core and over propped knee
Stand with load at core
Can do if you have weak gluts/quads |
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Term
| What is the diagonal squat lift? |
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Definition
Knee does not touch the ground
Same as tripod lift without a kneel and both legs are pushing
Requires good quad and glut strength |
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Term
| What is the golfer's lift? |
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Definition
| One leg extended as the arm and torso go forward then tilt back |
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