Term
Main Ideas about
Industrialization & Urbanization
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Definition
Industrialization & Urbanization: Main Ideas
Industrialization (growth of factories) led to Urbanization (growth of cities).
America was becoming an industrial giant producing millions of products annually.
America's cities were also beginning to grow, which brough both positive and negative results. |
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Term
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Definition
Labor Unions
Power of factory owners led to labor abuse.
Many workers were foced to work in dangerous conditions, for long hours, at low pay, and without a voice.
Children and women were often exploited.
There were no laws that protected the worker, but soon some workers formed UNIONS to help them gain shorter work days, higher pay, and safer conditions. |
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Definition
Immigration
During the 1800s, millions of immigrants came to America from around the world, but they mostly came from Europe.
Most immigrants remained in the cities and worked in the factories.
Many native Americans did not like these new immigrants. Some felt immigrants took jobs, increased crime, and brought disease. |
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Term
Urbanization:
What were the 3 main
reasons why the cities grew? |
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Definition
Urbanization: Why the Cities Grew
1. New farm equipment: Advences in farm equipment made farmers more efficient and this required fewer people to produce more food. Young farm kids that were no longer needed on the farms, moved to the cities looking for jobs in the factories.
2. African Americans: Free from slavery, thousands moved from the South to escape discrimination and to find jobs in the city factories.
3. Immigrants: Thousands came to America from around the world, they got off the ships and many stayed in the cities and took jobs in the factories. |
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Term
Problems Caused
by Urbanization |
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Definition
Problems Caused by Urbanization
The rapid growth of industry brought a rapid, uncontrollable growth in America's cities.
The blending of those living in the cities, the African Americans moving in from the South, the displaced farmers, and new immigrants all competed for limited resources.
Growth brought an increase in:
1. Fire - no laws to stop poorly built buildings
2. Crime - gangs and lack of police protection
3. Disease - sanitation was inadequate
4. Pollution - no clean water and no sewage systems
5. Job Competition - millions willing to work for little
6. Lack of quality housing and transportation issues |
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Term
True or False:
There were many inventions from 1869-1894 |
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Definition
Industrialization & Urbanization
1869-1894
True!
This was a time of great inventions that made
huge improvements in the lives of people!
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Term
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Definition
Henry Bessemer
Developed the Bessemer Process which improved the way of turning iron into steel. This new steel was more flexible, lighter weight, and stronger.
Steel made it possible to build skyscrapers, railroads, bridges, and better farm equipment. |
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Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was responsible for bringing electricity into homes, making life easier.
He invented the light bulb and other household items. |
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John Deere
John Deere improved farm equipment like the plow and made farmers more productive.
This decreased the number of farmers needed to grow more food. |
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Definition
Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell developed the telephone, improving the speed and quality of communications. |
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Term
Industrialists and Trusts |
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Definition
Industrialists and Trusts: 1869-1894
The time of industrialization and urbanization was a time period when many men became extremely wealthy in manufacturing.
Industrialists were powerful men who owned and ran the large factories.
Andrew Carnegie started United States Steel and became hugely rich.
John D. Rockefeller started Standard Oil Co. & became the richest man in the world.
Trusts were large businesses of different types controlled by a few men.
These trusts were not good for the American public because a lack of competition allowed trusts to charge what they wanted to charge. The legality of trusts would soon be challenged by the United States government. |
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Railroads
During the late 1800s railroads were the most common form of travel.
By 1869 the Transcontinental Railroad was completed. It connected the East Coast with the West Coast for the first time.
Railroads helped to open up the western lands by allowing people to settle in western territories. Railroads were the lifeline to the western farmers. They brought everything the farmers needed and took the crops farmers produced to Eastern markets. |
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