Term
Acute vs. Chronic bronchitis |
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Definition
Chronic is 2+ years of 3+ months of symptoms
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Term
2 major symptoms of Chronic bronchitis |
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Definition
Productive cough
Decreased FEV |
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Term
The most common route for acquisition for community acquired pneumonia from all sources is ___ |
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Definition
aspiration of oropharyngeal contents |
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Term
Which type of microbe causes community acquired pneumonia by inhalation and spread along mucous membranes? |
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Definition
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Term
Which type of microbe causes community acquired pneumonia by hematogenous spread? |
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Definition
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Term
Describe the pathology of acute bronchitis |
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Definition
Hyperemia (increase in bloodflow to) and edema of mucous membranes, reversible |
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Term
Describe the pathology of chronic bronchitis |
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Definition
Persistent inflamm and increased secretions, swollen glands |
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Term
Describe the pathology of community-acquired pneumonia for each type: lobar, bronchi, and interstitial |
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Definition
– Lobar-infiltrate within alveoli – Bronchopneumonia-patchy, distal bronchiole – Interstitial-inflammation of interstitium |
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Term
>90% of acute bronchitis are caused by ___ |
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Definition
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Term
Majority of community acquired pneumonia in outpatients is caused by what 4 microbes? |
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Definition
S. pneumoniae M. pneumoniae C. pneumoniae H. influenzae viruses |
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Term
Majority of community acquired pneumonia in inpatients is caused by what 4 microbes? |
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Definition
S. pneumoniae> H. influenzae> M. pneumoniae> Legionella |
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Term
Name a major virulence factor for pneumococcal pneumonia |
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Definition
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Term
3 main signs/symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia |
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Definition
fever, shaking chill, rusty colored sputum |
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Term
2 pathogens associated with community acquired pneumonia in alcoholics |
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Definition
S. pneumoniae , anaerobes |
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Term
2 pathogens associated with community acquired pneumonia in smokers or people with chronic lung disease |
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Definition
S. pneumoniae , H. influenzae |
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Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia in people with poor dental hygeine |
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Definition
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Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia dealing with plumbing/stagnant water |
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Definition
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Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from birds |
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Definition
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Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from rabbits |
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Definition
Francisella tularnesis (tularemia ) |
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Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from farm animals |
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Definition
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Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from travel in the southwest |
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Definition
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Term
A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia that's spread within families |
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Definition
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Term
4 Characteristics of acute bronchitis |
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Definition
Cough and "cold"
No fever
Lungs clear or rhonchi
Clear CXR |
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Term
6 Characteristic of pneumonia |
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Definition
cough, "flu-like"
dyspnea
chest pain
Increased pulse and resp. rate
Ronchi (consolidation)
Infiltrate on CXR |
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Term
2 reasons there's dyspnea in pneumonia |
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Definition
fluid in alveoli
thickened interstitium |
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Term
Treatment for community acquired pneumonia vs. acute bronchitis |
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Definition
No antibiotics for acute bronchitis
Yes for pneumonia |
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Term
Most important factor indicating pneumonia vs. acute bronchitis |
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Definition
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Term
At what mortality risk class (point based) do you admit a patient with pneumonia? |
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Definition
Class III and up (71+ points) |
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Term
The top risk factor predicting drug resistant S. pneumoniae |
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Definition
Antimicrobials in the last 3 months |
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Term
Besides recent antibiotic use, what 5 factors predict resistant strains of S. pnaumoniae? |
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Definition
Extremes of age
Recently hospitalized
Day cares
Underlying illness or immunodeficient
Institutionalized pt.s |
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Term
What can you use to treat an outpatient with community acquired pneumonia who was previously healthy and no use of anti-microbials within 3 months? |
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Definition
A macrolide (-mycin's)
or
Doxycycline |
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Term
What can you use to treat a person with community acquired pneumonia who is either and inpatient, OR is an outpatient with presence of comorbidities or antimicrobials within 3 months? (2) |
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Definition
Respiratory fluoroquinolones (-floxacin's)
or
Beta lactam PLUS a macrolide |
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