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| the subordination of state authority or national identity to larger institutions and groupings such as the European Union |
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| • International integration |
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| the process by which supranational institutions come to replace national ones; the gradual shifting upward of some sovereignty from the state to regional or global structures |
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| the theory which holds that economic integration (functionalism) generates a “spillover” effect, resulting in increased political integration |
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| a situation in which low expectations of interstate violence permit a high degree of political cooperation—as, for example, among NATO members |
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| the official term for the European Community (formerly the European Economic Community) and associated treaty organizations. The EU has 25 member states and is negotiating with other states that have applied for membership |
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| (1957) the founding document of the European Economic Community (EEC) or Common Market, now subsumed by the European Union |
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| created in the Treaty of Rome in 1957 to coordinate nuclear power development by pooling research, investment, and management |
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| – a zone in which there are no tariffs or other restrictions on the movement of goods and services across borders |
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| a common external tariff adopted by members of a free trade area; that is, participating states adopt a unified set of tariffs with regard to goods coming in from outside |
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| a zone in which labor and capital (as well as goods) flow freely across borders |
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| • Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) |
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| a European Union policy based on the principle that a subsidy extended to farmers in any member country should be extended to farmers in all member countries |
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| a European Union body whose members, while appointed by states, are supposed to represent EU interests. Supported by a multinational civil service in Brussels, the Commission’s role is to identify problems and propose solutions to the Council of Ministers |
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| a European Union institution in which the relevant ministers (foreign, economic, agriculture, finance, etc.) of each member state meet to enact legislation and reconcile national interests. When the meeting takes place among the state leaders it is called the “European Council” |
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| – a quasi-legislative body of the European Union that operates mainly as a watchdog over the European Commission and has little real legislative power |
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| • European Court of Justice |
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| a judicial arm of the European Union, based in Luxembourg. The Court has actively established its jurisdiction and its right to overrule national law when it conflicts with EU law |
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| it set a target date of the end of 1992 for the creation of a true common market (free cross-border movement of goods, capital, people, and services) in the European Community (EC) |
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| signed in the Dutch city of Maastricht and ratified in 1992, the treaty commits the European Union to monetary union (a single currency and European Central Bank) and to a common foreign policy |
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| also called the ECU (European currency unit), the euro is a single European currency used by 12 members of the European Union (EU) |
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| worldwide cultural integration based on a massive increase in satellite television, radio, and Internet communication |
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