Term
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Definition
- Sex motivation: to engage in sexual relations
- Relationship motivation: to increase intimacy in an existing relationship
- Exploring motivation: to test whether another is interested in starting a romantic relationship
- Fun motivation: to have fun
- Esteem motivation: to enhance one’s own self esteem
- Instrumental motivation: to gain rewards from another |
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Term
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Definition
| The first traits we recognize in other people then influence the interpretation and perception of latter ones (because of our expectations) |
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Term
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Definition
| being attracted to others who have similar cognitions |
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Term
| Relationship Filtering Model |
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Definition
- Sociological cues: where we live or work
- Preinteraction cues: information gained before interactions (looks)
- Interaction cues: things we notice during interaction (scent, clothing, smile)
- Cognitive cues: judgments about people based on their personality and how it matches ours |
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Term
| Relationship Escalation Model |
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Definition
- Initiating: becoming aware of someone who is aware of you
- Experimenting: engaging in small talk (name, age)
- Intensifying: exploring more intimate messages (nicknames)
- Integrating: two personalities merge become a couple
- Bonding: acknowledging uniqueness of relationship |
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Term
| Relational Maintenance Strategies |
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Definition
* actions that sustain/maintain/repair relationship
- both strategic and routine
- Strategic: intentionally chosen and enacted (we need to talk)
- Routine: byproduct of everyday activities and interactions (make dinner) |
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Term
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Definition
* interplay between opposite tensions in relationship
- exist with in a relationship (internal) and between a couple & their community (external)
- Integration/separation: interdependence/autonomy (internal) & inclusion/seclusion (external)
- Stability/change: predictability/novelty (internal) & conventionality/uniqueness (external)
- Expression/privacy: openness/closeness (internal) & revelation/concealment (external) |
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Term
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Definition
| how we communicate in relationships |
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Term
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Definition
types of relationships, individual tendencies/blend in every relationship- better when couples have similar types
- Eros: tremendous passion, physical longing, deep intensity, strong intimacy
- Ludus: ‘game playing’ love; courtly love: rituals, ideals, rules; playful but can be shallow
- Storge: ‘friendship based’ love, strong companionship and shared values, less to little intimacy
- Pragma: ‘practical’ love: involves choosing partners based on certain characteristics.
- Mania: ‘crazy’ love; jealousy & dependency; great intensity
- Agape: ‘altrustic’ love; sacrificing ones self for the partner’s well being. |
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Term
| Fitzpatrick’s Marital Typologies |
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Definition
- Tradition couples: interdependent, focus on tradition and institutions, traditional gender roles.
- Separate couples: traditional but independent, avoiding conflict, deep emotional commitment
- Independent couples: nontraditional, negotiate issues more aware of partners efforts than other types. |
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Term
| Continuum of Social Influence |
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Definition
- Conformity: LEAST COERCIVE pressure to adhere to social norms; often subtle, indirect
- Compliance: INBETWEEN COERCIVE compliance gaining messages: using tactics to gain compliance
- Obedience: MOST COERCIVE |
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Term
| Compliance-Gaining Tactics/Cialdini’s 7 Principles |
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Definition
- Anchor & contrast: think money (500 vs 50)
- Reciprocity: creates feeling of obligation (free samples, that’s not all offer + the benefits)
- Commitment: 3 common types: foot in door, lowballing, bait & switch
- Scarcity: hard to get, want more > increase desire/deadline
- Liking: ingration, self-enhancement, enhancing the other
- Social proof: behavior ways others around do~ “this is what’s popular” (indirect canned laughter)
- Authority: more likely to comply with people in authority: can be real/fake |
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Term
| Social power and persuasion/compliance |
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Definition
amount of power influences use of compliance, gaining, credibility and success in influence.
Examples:
-Greater resources: more likely to bully others.
-Less resources: more likely to use altering emotions hints. |
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Term
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Definition
| discomfort created by holding conflicting thoughts/beliefs simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior ways others around do~ “this is what’s popular” (indirect canned laughter) |
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Term
| Stanford Prison Experiment |
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Definition
| illustrate how power influences behavior, perspective, internalized roles |
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Term
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Definition
| 1963~450 volt lethal shock: obedience to authority vs. personal conscience. |
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Term
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Definition
| - students comparing lines~ they conformed. |
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Term
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Definition
- Avoidance: distract attention from conflict
- Integrative: take both parties needs into account (mediation)
- Distributive: competitive & aggressive, win-lose |
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Term
| Thomas-Killman Conflict Styles |
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Definition
- Collaborating: problem solving: both win
- Compromising: meet halfway: ‘split the difference’
- Accommodating: giving in: ‘have it your way, I don’t care’
- Avoiding/withdrawing: leave: I’d rather not with it now
- Competing: take charge!: ‘might makes right’ |
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Term
| 1. Interpersonal vs. 2. Intrapsychic conflict |
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Definition
1. Disagreement between 2 or more parties because of incompatible goals
2. Internal conflict, no expression to others |
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Term
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Definition
- Secure: comfortable with intimacy, closeness
- Avoidant: fear of intimacy, dismiss distress, no dependence
- Anxious: comfortable with closeness, but worried about abandonment |
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Term
| Parental Acceptance-Rejection theory |
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Definition
a theory of socialization
- tries to explain effects of parental acceptance/rejection of a child
- theorizes that there are intentional, intercultural similiarities (warmth factor)
- acceptance/rejection culturally relative (Bengali orange: children get an orange for praise) |
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Term
| Socioemotional selectivity theory |
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Definition
- older individuals sense more limited future
- pay more attention to short-range goals: some things become less important/might talk about more revealing info
- cope with negative effects, control emotions better
- make interpersonal relationships easier, less volatile
- older people more lonely without partner~ especially men. |
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Term
| Communication predicament of aging model- |
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Definition
- younger people operate on stereotypes when confronting older people
- alters communication |
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Term
| Relationship Violence (including 3 styles and different types)- |
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Definition
- Physical violence: often begin with ‘trivial’ contacts, which escalate into more frequent & serious attacks
- Sexual abuse: sexual violence may include, but no limited to any of the following behaviors:
-remarks about gender, calling sexual names, forcing sex, touching uncomfortably, controlling dress
- Emotional/psychological violence: may include constant verbal abuse, harassment excessive possessiveness, isolation
from family & friends, deprivation of physical and economic resources & destruction of personal property.
-Stalking: obsessive relational intrusion: patterns of obsession/intrusive behaviors in relationships |
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Term
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Definition
- Economic: command over economic resources (cash/assests)
- ability to pay for language lessons, travel, expand acquaintances
- Social: resources based on group membership, relationships, networks of influence & support
- ability to meet different people through connections
- Cultural: forms of knowledge skills, education & advantages that a person has
- ability to fit in with dominant culture/give higher social status
- Symbolic: resources available on the basis of honor or recognition
- having a good job (doctor, translator), circles of activity |
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Term
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Definition
- Volatile: very emotionally expressive of good and bad emotions; disagreements seen as a sign of caring
-Validating: more moderate emotional expression; view themselves as a team; value companionship
-Conflict avoiding: minimize or avoid conflict; build solidarity; may be very empathic about partner’s needs. |
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Term
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Definition
- Anthropological: physical beauty
o Different effects for men & women
- Reinforcement: supportiveness
o Attraction is a learned response
o More important in really close relationships
- Cognitive: attitude similarity
o Increases interpersonal attraction
- Structural: Communication behaviors
o Sensitivity confidence talkativeness, flirtatiousness |
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Term
| Intercultural cross-cultural understanding |
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Definition
- Cognitive constraints: schemata. What is a friend? trustworthy
- Behavior constraints: appropriateness. How do we act with friends?
- Emotional constraints: Processing feelings. How deeply we must feel for someone to call them a friend? |
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